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Reproductive health and induced abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean
Komrsková, Lucie ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Reproductive health and induced abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean Abstract The objective of this study is to give a comprehensive overview of the reproductive health of the population living in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to evaluate the level of induced abortion in the region at the same time. In the theoretical part of the study the term reproductive health is defined and indicators evaluating its level are described. As well the difference between safe and unsafe abortion is explained and the state of abortion law is expounded in this part. Next part is devoted to the promotion of family planning programs. In the analytical part Latin American and Caribbean countries are divided into four groups by using cluster analysis. Within each group one selected country is characterized in more detail. Indicators entering into the analysis show the level of reproductive health, the level of fertility and the economic performance of countries in the early 21st century. In the part related to the induced abortion rate in the region is discovered that despite the fact that in Latin America and the Caribbean there is one of the highest levels of contraceptive prevalence, there is also the highest level of induced abortion in the world. In the last part of the study the relationship between level of...
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Regional Distribution of Development Aid in Cambodia
Ficek, František ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Těšinová, Michaela (referee)
Regional distribution of development aid in Cambodia Abstract This bachelor thesis, examines development aid distribution in Cambodia, specifically focused on the distribution and allocation of development projects that target reproductive health and education. Within the introduction, the history and current situation in Cambodia is presented, followed by a discussion of current approaches to development aid. The reproductive health and education issues will also be examined as well as the continuing discourse of development aid allocation. The research analyses the relationship between development interventions and reproductive health or education indicators on provincial level. The main outcome in Cambodia's development aid only highlights the distribution of aid with regard to the level of development in several cases; allocation of aid is mostly influenced by other factors rather than recipient need. Key words: Cambodia, development aid, allocation, distribution, reproductive health, education, official development assistance, non-governmental organizations
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Reproductive health patterns in post-Soviet Central Asian countries
Takirova, Aliya ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Reproductive health patterns in post-Soviet Central Asian countries Abstract This study aims to evaluate reproductive health patterns among post-Soviet Central Asian republics since their independence. The reproductive health indicators of individual countries were researched and compared. Furthermore, cluster country groups among selected post-Soviet, post-Socialist and capitalist countries were identified based on certain reproductive health indicators for the beginning and the end of the research period. The subsequent research was focused on 1999 Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey data. This thesis explores statistically significant factors influencing pregnancy outcomes in the country. According to the results, never married, urban women, women of Ukrainian, Russian, and other ethnicities, women living in the East and North regions were more likely to terminate a first pregnancy by an induced abortion rather than giving a live birth. Additionally, the same categories were proven to be statistically significant using the Poisson regression analysis, except the regions were shown to be the West and the North. Keywords: post-Soviet Central Asia, reproductive health, maternal mortality, pregnancy outcomes
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Reproductive health of adolescent girls.
ŠTACHOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis deals with the reproductive health of adolescent girls. Reproductive health is a relatively young concept, its issue is topical and should be the prime concern of the whole society. The theoretical basis of this thesis was to show the essential concept of reproductive health among adolescent girls with a specific focus on the latest problems. Therefore, the introductory part is divided into several subheads. First of them is addressed to reproductive health. It includes an introduction to the reproductive health problems, a brief description of women´s reproductive organs, basic information about the menstrual cycle and personal hygiene. The second subhead is addressed to factors that damage the reproductive health. Attention was focused on gynecological infections, sexually transmitted diseases, cervical cancer and breast cancer. In the third subhead were analysed maturing problems focused on physical and mental changes, the development of sexuality, adolescent risk behavior syndrom and information about contraception. The last subhead pays attention to education by a midwife. It contains the theoretical basis of training and efficiently focuses on reproductive health education. Three study objectives were determined. The first one was to explore the level of knowledge of reproductive health among female students of secondary grammar schools and secondary vocational schools. For this objective was chosen Hypothesis 1: Female students of secondary grammar schools have better knowledge about reproductive health than female students of secondary vocational schools. The second objective was to learn what are the main sources of information for above mentioned students. For this objective were chosen two following hypothesis. Hypothesis 2: The main source of information about reproductive health among female students of secondary grammar schools is professional literature. Hypothesis 3: The main source of information about reproductive health among female students of secondary vocational schools is the internet. The third objective of this thesis wasto compare how female students of various secondary schools are informed about sexually tramsmitted diseases. For this objective was set Hypothesis 4: Female students of secondary grammar schools have more information about sexually transmitted diseases than female students of secondary vocational schools. Data collection was carried out by quantitative research method and its technique was used for questionary creating by the author of this work. The research was proceeded at two secondary grammar schools and two secondary vocational schools in South Bohemia Region. The questionaries were distributed in March 2015. The total number of female respondents involved 160, 79 of secondary vocational schools and 81 of secondary grammar schools. The collected data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Chi-square test with 5% level of significance was used for verification of hypothesis validity. The research results showed that female respondents of secondary grammar schools have better knowledge about reproductive health than the ones of secondary vocational schools. Family acted as the main source of information about reproductive health in both groups. There are no differences at respondents´ knowledge in the area of sexually transmitted diseases. Based on the research analysis, Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, the other specified analysis were refuted. With respect to the research results, it would be appropriate that midwives give more attention on education of girls in the reproductive health area. They should primarily emphasize education of adolescents in area of sexually transmitted diseases. Together with it, they should focuse on education in breast self-examination. This bachelor thesis can serve as teaching material for future students of Midwifery. It can also be used as a basis for preparing lectures for adolescent girls.
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Knowledge of the general public in the field of reproductive health
ZEMANOVÁ, Lenka
I have chosen the topic ?Knowledge of non-professional public in the field of reproductive health? for my bachelor thesis because I am thoroughly interested in this field, and that I find it an increasingly topical question. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with anatomy of reproductive organs, infertility issues, irregularities and pathologies in pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, inflammatory gynaecologic diseases and other negative influences on reproductive health. The remaining part of the theory is represented by prevention in the field of reproductive health and the role of midwives in this field. Nursing care in this field deals in particular with education, and for this reason, the midwife - educator is also mentioned here. The objective of this bachelor thesis is to find out what level of knowledge the non-professional public have in the field of reproductive health and, further, whether the non-professional public are interested in extending their knowledge in this field. The further, partial objectives were to compare the knowledge between women and men, as well as to find out whether people look after their reproductive health. To compile the practical part of the bachelor thesis I used the method of the quantitative research. The collection of data was conducted by means of questionnaires. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 25 questions, which were closed, semi-closed and open. The research set for the quantitative research was made up of the non-professional public. They were women and men from the Region of South Bohemia in the age category of 18 ? 60 years, with a various level of education. The total set consisted of 95 (100 per cent) respondents. The result of the quantitative research has shown that the knowledge of the non-professional public in the field of reproductive health can be considered satisfactory. The comparison of knowledge in women and men has proved a slightly better knowledge in women. We have further found out that the non-professional public are interested in extending their knowledge in this field. Despite the fact that people possess knowledge in the field of reproductive health, as has been proved by this research, they do not behave in accordance with their knowledge. A number of individuals do not look after their health. Looking for instruments to motivate people to take better care of their health would exceed the scope of this thesis, and thus it remains for further researchers.
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Romany women and reproductive health
TREPPESCHOVÁ, Adéla
Reproduction health means ability to become pregnant, bear the full term and give birth to a healthy child. Every woman is responsible for her care for reproduction health. Health is also closely connected with love for family. Family is very important for Romani people as it is a source of power and deep roots and satisfies life necessities of its members. The thesis titled Romani Women and Reproduction Health deals mainly with the issues of reproduction health of Romani women which includes family planning of Romani women, pregnant Romani women, abortion, childbirth, contraception and also climacteric and preventive screening mammography. The issues connected with reproduction health are quite serious as preventive medical examinations are essential for subsequent treatment when a disease is diagnosed. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether or not there is any education in the area of family planning of Romani women; whether or not Romani women plan their parenthood; whether or not family planning is affected by the traditional Romani family pattern; at what age they give their first birth; whether or not Romani women undergo preventive gynaecological examinations; whether or not Romani women are informed about vaccination against uterine suppository cancer; and whether or not Romani women use hormonal substitution therapy during their climacteric. The hypotheses below were defined for these aims. The aim of the first hypothesis was to verify that there is no education in the area of family planning of Romani women. The hypothesis was verified by a questionnaire and its subsequent statistical evaluation. The aim of the second hypothesis was to verify that Romani women plan their pregnancy but this hypothesis was not verified. The aim of the third hypothesis was to verify that family planning of Romani women is affected by the traditional Romani family pattern which was not verified. The aim of the fourth hypothesis was to verify that Romani women give their first birth at the age of 17 or so. This hypothesis was verified by a questionnaire and its subsequent statistical evaluation. The aim of the fifth hypothesis was to verify that Romani women undergo preventive gynaecological examinations. This hypothesis was verified. The aim of the sixth hypothesis was to verify that Romani women are not informed about vaccination against uterine suppository cancer. This hypothesis was not verified. The aim of the seventh hypothesis was to verify that Romani women do not use hormonal replacement therapy during their climacteric. This hypothesis was verified. There were four research questions defined for a qualitative check. The first question concerned the fact how the lower socioeconomic status of Romani families affects the number of children being born. The second research question concerned the most frequent gynaecological diseases occurring of Romani women. The third question concerned the issues connected with pregnancy of Romani women. The fourth question concerned the fact whether or not Romani women let their daughters be vaccinated against uterine suppository cancer. The results of the research questions show that the informants did not have problems to become pregnant; when they had health problems during pregnancy they went to hospital to avoid complications; their lower socioeconomic status does not have any impact on the number of children in Romani families; five informants out of nine did not have any gynaecological problems; all Romani informants are informed about vaccination against uterine suppository cancer; and only three women out of nine would not let their daughters be vaccinated. A combination of quantitative and qualitative checks was used for the practical part of the thesis. A non-standardized interview and a questionnaire were used as the data collection technique. The research group consisted of Romani women of all age categories from České Budějovice.
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The risky behavior of adolescent development and the possibility of secondary prevention in Klatovském region
STREJCOVÁ, Alena
Bachelor´s work deals with the risk behaviour of adolescent development taking into account the possibility of secondary prevention of this behavior on Klatovy region. In the theoretical part of the works is first described the whole period of adolescence. Following the developmental characteristics of adolescence with additional chapters deal with risk behaviour and its prevention, in particular the prevention of secondary. Part of the Bachelor´s work is a research probe, whose main objective is to map the institutions and experts, national and non-State in Klatovy region, on which the school may contact or refer their students and their legal counsel for assistance i addressing risk behavior. Research the probe is implemented in the form of a written inquiry at the secondary schools in the Klatovy region. Presentation of the results of the subsequent discussion are listed in the practical part of work.
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The Risks of Premature Start of the Sexual Life of Women
SMUTNÁ, Kateřina
My thesis is called {\clqq}The Risks of Premature Start of the Sexual Life of Women``. This thesis has two parts, a practical one and theoretical one. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of woman´s body and its development. The start of the sexual life is an important part of women´s life and i tis influenced by many factors that can have both the positive and negative influence and these factors can be cultural, related to health or social. It is very important for young women considering starting their sexual life to have enough information about thein body and process going on in it and prevention of risks arising from unsuitable behaviour in adolescence. For a healthy sexual life it is important to be informed how to care for your body and health and in connection with it also for the reproductive health, a good sexual education is important too as well as biology at school connected with educational programmes for young people. I described the legislative conditions for starting the sexual live in the Czech Republic in theoretical part as well. I try find out in the practical part what risks are known to young women and what is their opinion as for their prevention. I chose the form of a qualitative research for my investigation and I thought of poll questions for this purpose and made a questionnaire and a set of questions out of it. There were two categories questioned, the first category were mothers whofilled in the questionnare, the second category were daughters who I had a standard conversation with. I tried to find out about the reproductive health and the sources of the information in this field the women use. I was trying to find out too whether women know the rsk factors influencing their sexual life. The end of my thesis is a list of enclosures.
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Health and social aspects of infertility and its treatment
ZAVADILOVÁ, Zuzana
Infertility is the inability to achieve a pregnancy. WHO classify infertility into two groups. Primary infertility is the term used to describe a couple that has never been able to conceive a pregnancy, after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. Secondary infertility describes couples who have previously been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to achieve another pregnancy. Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical as well as emotional factors. Approximately 30 - 40% of all infertility is due to a "male" factor such as retrograde ejaculation, impotence hormone deficiency, environmental pollutants, scarring from sexually transmitted disease, or decreased sperm count. A "female" factor -- scarring from sexually transmitted disease or endometriosis, ovulation dysfunction, poor nutrition, hormone imbalance, ovarian cysts, pelvic infection, tumor or transport system abnormality from the cervix through the fallopian tubes -- is responsible for 40 - 50% of infertility in couples. The remaining 10 -30% of infertility cases may be caused by contributing factors from both partners, or no cause can be identified. This dissertation has two main goals. The first goal is to describe how a couple face up to their problems with infertility. The second goal is that this dissertation can be used as a study material for social and medical employees. This dessertation is based on a qualitative research. I used a method CAMI {--} communication through the use of computer. The observational goup were people disccusing at www.neplodnost.cz.
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