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A child in an armed conflict in the light of Art. 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Kučerová, Kateřina ; Balaš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
A Child in an Armed Conflict in the Light of Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child The thesis aims to transparently elaborate the topic of protection of children in armed conflicts pursuant to the Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as well as identification of the main problems associated with the topic and efforts to suggest their solutions. The thesis also focuses on monitoring and enforcement mechanism of individual international instruments. The body of the thesis is divided into four parts, each of several chapters. The first part of the thesis deals with the development of protection of children in armed conflicts until the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and relevant international law documents on the protection of children in armed conflicts. The first part also includes a chapter with the identification of the main problems associated with the protection of children. Second part of the thesis concentrates on the analysis of various instruments of international law regarding the protection of children, that is, of course, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, and following documents regarding protection of children based on this Convention, i.e. The Convention of the International Labour Organization...
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The role and safety of journalists in an armed conflict
Bártová, Gabriela ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis deals with the position of journalists in the situation of armed conflict, It is a category of persons, whose protection within the international humanitarian law has been discussed for many years. Mediation of information from the area of armed conflict is a growing phenomen and because of the technical equipment, it relates more and more to laymen, not just professionals. The question whether journalist should enjoy special protection in the situation of armed conflict was raised already in the process of adopting the Additional Protocols, the so far latest source of the "Geneva law". Since then, it has been subject to many iniciatives, whose aim is to emphasize the role and value of journalists on the battlefield and ensure them more safety. On the other hand, it is obvious that journalists are not an a priori object, which should be protected by the humanitarian law - victims of the armed conflict, either among combatants or civilists. The thesis therefore tries to map the current legislation (embodied mostly in the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols) and its historical and factual context. In the second part, it introduces and evaluates different initiatives that address the legislation - both those which try to change it and strenghten the protection of journalist in...
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Child soldier in international law
Arlethová, Lucie ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
"Child soldier from the perspective of International Law" (Thesis title) This diploma thesis deals with a protection of a child and relation between international humanitarian law and human rights law. The main emphasis is put on particular legal agreements governing status of children in armed conflicts and providing them with protection. In this work are also discussed merits of particular international conventions, as well as issues of their application and supervision. The first chapter pursues rise in interest of society in position of child soldiers and inspects motives and causes of participation of children in armed conflicts. After that the thesis explores historical connection between children and their involvement in armed conflicts. In the end it considers impact of those conflicts on physical and mental health of children and consequences, which arise by their involvement in armed conflicts. The second chapter focuses on defining fundamental terms such as child and armed conflict. Those terms are studied further in accordance with individual and different ways of interpretation of particular conventions. This chapter points out, that decisive criteria for the involvement of children in government's armed forces or non-state army and therefore for their protection is age. The difference...
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Sexual violence against women in an armed conflict - the role of international criminal tribunals
Sochorová, Eva ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Bayerová, Monika (referee)
- Sexual Violence against Women in Armed Conflicts - the Role of the International Criminal Tribunals The purpose of my thesis is to describe and analyse a development of a regulation in the international humanitarian law and international criminal law and the contribution of decision making of international criminal tribunals in former Yugoslavia and Rwanda with a special focus on sexual violence against women during armed conflict. The reason for my research is the fact that during armed conflict women worldwide are permanently exposed to danger of sexual violence and it is necessary to stress this issue continuously. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. Chapter One is introductory and describes the current state of sexual violence in armed conflict. Further it explains what fields of international law the sexual violence is subject to and it provides a structure of the thesis. Chapter Two examines the international humanitarian law. The chapter is subdivided into four parts. Part One deals with the international humanitarian law in general. Part Two characterises the specificity of sexual violence. Part Three analyses the development of norms protecting women under international humanitarian law until the adoption of the Geneva conventions in 1949. Part Four analyses the regulation in the...
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The definition of terrorism in international law
Sváková, Kristýna ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee)
The definition of terrorism in international law The subject of this graduation thesis is to explore problem of defining terrorism in international law. Although it is very broad topic, the thesis has attempted to explore most of the questions this issue has offered. First of all, it examines reasones why define terrorism in international law. Further this study provides information about perception of the term terrorism in the past depending on the political and social conditions and about how the terrorist attacks influenced the effort to find the definition of terrorism. The thesis pays big attention to regional treaty in which terrorism is defined and uses it as a comparison basis for finding the elements of the definition, since regional international treaty law has achieved the biggest success in this area. However, in the last two decades successes have achieved on universal level, especially by the adoption of the International Convention for the Suppression of Financing of Terrorism, which is the first universal agreement binding defines terrorism. This study also introduces the latest development of efforts to create a Comprehensive Convention on the Suppression of International Terrorism, which is, unfortunately, no more than small. Given the decades-long efforts to define terrorism, the...
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Legalita užití dronů
Slabá, Tereza ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Melounová, Irena (referee)
The thesis analyses the legality of the use of drones in warfare based on the examination of three specific case studies. Firstly the use of armed drones in Afghanistan 2001 and 2002, then Pakistan drone strikes ongoing since 2004 and lastly the Yemen case study. A developed legal framework is used to assess the legality of the use of drones. Furthermore, it briefly touches upon the aspects of morality and ethics of the use of the unmanned aerial vehicles in combat.
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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in contemporary armed conflicts
Golubenko, Darya ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Machoň, Miloslav (referee)
This thesis deals with evaluation of aspects connected to the use of unmanned aircraft in contemporary international armed conflicts. Unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned aircraft or drones are the summarizing designations of aircraft without a pilot onboard, which is operated from the ground or has by pre-programmed flight plan, and can fulfil a number of military as well as civil purposes. The main attention will be paid to the military unmanned aircraft, the use of which causes a wide range of discussions in media as well as on political and professional level.
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Child soldiers and their position in international law
Faja, Zbyšek ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
The Bachelor thesis analyzes position, status and protection of child soldiers in public international law. Its aim is to discover, if there is sufficiently precise legal protection of child soldiers during armed conflicts. In order to meet the target, the thesis encompasses several topics. Firstly, it deals with current situation of child soldiers in the world and defines who is considered a child and a child soldier respectively. Secondly, it generally analyzes position of persons (not only children) in international humanitarian law. The issue is relevant to determine a status of children granted by international law. Crucial part of the thesis is represented by a detailed analysis of international instruments, which protect children from recruitment and participation in hostilities. Finally, the thesis summarizes its findings and answers the questions, if and why the legal protection of child soldiers is effective or not.
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Abuse of terrorist threats in U.S. politics
Holubcová, Ivana ; Matějka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá porušováním lidských práv ve válce proti terorismu, vedené USA, a sleduje vztah bezpečnosti a nutnosti dodržování lidských práv. Popisuje právní rámec lidských práv, možnosti zákonného omezení závazků ze smluv o lidských právech a vztah s mezinárodním humanitárním právem. Zkoumá stupeň dodržení právního rámce ze strany USA a podrobně se zabývá porušeními základních lidských práv ve válce proti terorismu, a to jak v zahraničním, tak i vnitrostátním prostředí USA.
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