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The future of central banking in the economic system of developed countries on a basis of evalution of the experience from the last decade
Vilt, Lukáš ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
Thesis is dealing with the development of the central banking on the basis of experience from the last decade. Hypothesis is the statement, whether the central banks of the developed economies are increasingly less capable of the effective reactions on the accelerating development of the global economy and their position in the money emission and regulation of the banking sector is and will be more and more weakened by the alternative banking and monetary systems. This hypothesis is successfully disproved because of the behavior of the four chosen central banks which are CNB, FED, ECB and BoJ. The main reason was an increase in their activities and interventions causing among others multiplication of their balance sheets. On the other hand the alternative in the free banking is further from the reality than before. Virtual currencies also did not show threatening growth of the national currencies substitution in the reference period. Thesis also provides insight into new and potentially new instruments of the central banks.
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Monetary policy and central banking in the Czech Republic
Sloup, Matěj ; Urbánková, Erika (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Pavel (referee)
The subject of my thesis is characteristic of central banking and monetary policy,
conducted by the Czech National Bank in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is divided
into three main chapters. The first of these chapters describes central banking, indicates its basic
characteristics and functions. The second chapter is more focused on the monetary policy of the
Czech National Bank and its nature. There are also defined the various monetary policy tools
and their use. The third chapter contains a description of basic macroeconomic indicators and
models.
Analytical part is also divided into several chapters that describe several aspects of the
development of the Czech economy in recent years. The first one contains the characteristics of
the Czech economy in terms of sector structure. The second chapter focuses on the development
of key macroeconomic data, the inflation and GDP. The third chapter provides an analysis of
the development of the selected monetary instruments. In the last chapter, the data will be will
evaluated and subjected to paired analysis.
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The comparison of the constitutional conceptions of selected central banks of the world from perspectives of the CNB
Pospíšilová, Kateřina ; Kuba, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matula, Miloš (referee)
The master´s thesis is about the conceptions of the Czech National Bank, the Federal Reserve System, the European Central Bank and People's Bank of China. It focuses on the comparison of these conceptions with the created universal model of the central bank and its parameters, and finds out that the selected central banks are lot away from this model. Important is also a perspective of the Czech National Bank after joining the euro area and the fact that at this moment her role will be replaced by the European Central Bank. The European Central Bank, compared with the Federal Reserve and the People's Bank deviates the least from its inflation target and therefore is pretty close to reach a price stability. However, ECB clearly financed some government debts, and that is inconsistent with the law. In conclusion can be noted that the central banks of the Czech Republic, the United States and the euro area reach the high level of freedom and are independent of the other components of state power and vice versa People's Bank of China remains strongly dependent on the executive power.
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The Global Financial Crisis and Steps of the Fed and the ECB during its Solution in the Period of 2008–2015
Jetmar, Jan ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Eva (referee)
This thesis comprehensively summarizes the global financial crisis. Its main causes consist of government support for home ownership, artificially set interest rates, and the conduct of economic actors in the context of financial innovation. Thus, this thesis considers external interventions into the economy as the primary causes of the crisis. Furthermore, chronologically summarized are the steps taken by the Federal Reserve System (Fed) and the European Central Bank (ECB) during the crisis itself. In a short period of time, these central banks exhausted the standard tools of monetary policy, which led to the use of unconventional measures. The Fed mainly used quantitative easing, while the ECB used a set of various tools available to help solve problems on multiple fronts - especially the debt crisis in the Eurozone countries. With the exception of a description of the chain of events leading to the financial and economic crisis, the main contribution of this thesis lies in mediation and confrontation of views by selected economists from various spectrum of opinions in regards to the steps of the Fed and the ECB in their solutions to the crisis. This discussion reveals that the biggest concerns associated with these interventions consist of price bubbles, inflation, distortion in market mechanisms, Europe's unsustainable integration at the monetary level, and the inexorable rise of the another crisis caused by the failure to solve the real causes of the last crisis. Finally, the opinions of the author of this thesis match with the conclusions and recommendations that arise from this discussion.
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Influance of international integration process for Czech national Bank
Zamrazil, Václav ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Cieslar, Vladislav (referee)
This bachelor study evaluates the relationships between the Czech National Bank and selected international institutions -- ECB, IMF and WB, focusing on gradual integration of the Czech Republic into international economic and financial structures, in particular to EU. The Czech national Bank and its role are introduced, as well as those of the other three institutions. The description of individual institutions is followed by brief analyses of mutual relationships between them and the CNB. The main findings of the study are firstly strong intensification of mutual cooperation, secondly gradually changing role of CNB. While the CR and the CNB were net recipient of technical assistance, expert advisory acticvities and financial assistance in the Nineties, the CNB has been playing more and more active role in the field of international cooperation.
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The role of the central bank during the transition in Czechoslovakia and the Czech republic and impact of its activities on economy
Bělíková, Lucie ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
The thesis analyzes the development of macroeconomic indicators and central bank monetary instruments. The introduction briefly describe the development of the economy of the socialist countries till 1989, the changes related with transition and transition itself. The main section is an analysis of the causes and nature of the economic recession and the causes of the banking crisis in the late 90s in the Czech Republic. I partially confirmed the hypothesis that in the case of the CNB was not made the right decisions on banking supervision and monetary policy of the central bank. The main causes of the economic downturn is considered too restrictive monetary policy of the central bank and insufficient flexibility of offer to domestic demand. Unlikely the crisis of the banking sector was caused due to lack of control of the Bank in the implementation of financial liberalization.
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Evaluating the Czech inflation targeting regime as a framework for monetary policy and maintaining price level stability between years 1998 and 2014
Kratěna, Tomáš ; Šimíček, Petr (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
After the colapse of pegged currency rate policy, which was excersised by the Czech national bank in period between 1993 and 1997, a demand for a new framework of monetary policy for Czech Republic arised. This demand was satisfied by inflation targeting regime, which CNB, as a first central bank in the former socialist region, started to exercise on january 1st 1998. This step started a discussion about suitability of this policy for small opened and transitive economy. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate how succesfull inflation targeting as a framework of monetary policy for price level stability was. The main research method is comparison between inflation target and actual inflation rate measured on CPI by CZSO in the time horizon between years 1998 and 2014.
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Analysis of selected indicators of activities and powers of central bank in our country since 1989
Kočová, Olga ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The issue of competences of central bank in monetary or foreign exchange policy, the optimal adjustment of regulation and supervision of financial market and also the necessary independence of this institution is subjected to intensive discussion at the present time economic policy. In the theoretical part I will define basic concepts and definitions relating to this issue. From a theoretical point of view I will describe the concept and function of central banking, the independence of central bank, its types and optimal settings. I will also characterize the regulation and supervision of financial markets with regard to the definitions, models, systems, objectives and instruments of this issue. I will define the basic theoretical aspects of monetary and foreign exchange policy. In the analytical part I will process an analysis of selected indicators of activities and powers of the central bank in our country since 1989, mainly from the independence of the central bank, setting of monetary policy, financial market supervision and foreign exchange policy. I will make a comparison of changes in the development and activities of central banks in these areas with regard to trends in the legislation and their powers. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the development of selected indicators of activity of the central bank in our country with a focus on the transformation of the Czech economy with a summary of significant changes.
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Alternatives of central banking and ways of their practical application
Chaloupková, Jana ; Koderová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jakl, Jakub (referee)
This thesis at the theoretical level deals with possible alternatives of two-tier banking system with the central bank. Then in details it describes the analysis of one of them -- currency board. The application section focuses on three completely different countries that have been met with this system and have been strongly influenced by it. It is meant: European country Estonia, Latin American Argentina and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. This submitted work analyzes each currency board separately, discusses the economic situation before and after its implementation and also outlines the current developments in the economy. At the conclusion, there is their comparison and evaluation of the success of the currency boards.
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