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Alimentation of hypercholesterolemic patients
VALENTOVÁ, Lucie
The Bachelor thesis is focused on eating of patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia. The main goal of Bachelor thesis was to find out how patients with hypercholesterolemia eat and what impact to the cholesterol level does the change of eating habits have. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the basic food ingredients, cholesterol and characteristics of hypercholesterolemia, its types, risk factors influencing its development, treatment options and prevention of the illness. It deals with the influence of individual food ingredients to cholesterol level and diet measures to decrease cholesterol level in blood. In conclusion the theoretical part describes atherosclerosis, which is closely related to hypercholesterolemia. The practical part was created by a qualitative research using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were lead with six patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia with high concentration of cholesterol in blood. Then the patients were instructed to record their menus for one week. I entered these menus into "Nutriservis Professional" program, which helped me evaluate them and thanks to this I was able to determine the average cholesterol intake in a patient's diet. Then I gave the patients a diet recommendation they should follow for the next six months. After this period, patients were asked to check their cholesterol level again, which helped me to find out the influence of the diet to level of cholesterol. It can be seen from the results of the research that in case the diet is kept, and a physical activity is included into a normal life, the patients can successfully decrease cholesterol level in blood. We can notice that most patients exceeded the recommended 300mg daily dose of cholesterol. The Bachelor thesis can serve as a teaching material for patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia, but it can also serve to increase knowledge about this disease.
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Nutrition of the Romany population
HOMOLKOVÁ, Magdaléna
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the nutrition of the Romany population. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. Theoretical part is focused on differentiation of the Romany population and its individual groups, as well as on the eating habits of this minority, including the historically rooted habits and traditional dishes. The last section of the theoretical part describes the health status of the Romany population, especially the issue of overweight and obesity, which is often associated with this ethnic group. The aim of the practical part was to map the eating habits of a selected sample of the Romany population and to evaluate their influence on the health status of the respondents. In the thesis, I used the method of qualitative research - a structured interview and a diet record. I led the interview with ten randomly selected respondents, who subsequently received information of the recommended daily intake of energy, and I also explained to them the method of recording the weekly meal plan. The recorded meal plans were eventually evaluated by the programme called 'Nutriservis Profesional' and the actual energy intake per day was compared to the recommended energy intake per day. I also evaluated the overall layout of macronutrients and in the end, I compared the meal plan with general recommendations for rational diet. These recommendations are published in the Reference Values for Nutrient Intake, 2011. The issue of nutrition of the Romany population should be viewed in a comprehensive way and taking into consideration all possible factors influencing the way of eating of this minority, we should especially consider the socio-economic factors. The early education and the intervention of a nutrition specialist is crucial in this kind of issue.
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The issue of mushy food served in homes for the elderly
KONOPICKÁ, Olga
This bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of mushy foods served in retirement homes. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on social services, age and changes that influence using and intake of nutrients. The next chapters deal with nutrition of the elderly, crucial nutrients and nutrition disorders in old age. The term of mushy foods is defined in the last part of the theoretical part. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to describe the issue of mushy foods in chosen facilities. I used the method of qualitative research, the technique of semi-structured interview, to obtain information for this issue. The semi-structured interviews were carried out with four employees of homes for the elderly. Another part of the thesis deals with the evaluation of weekly meal plans for six clients with mushy diet. The meal plans were evaluated by a programme ,,Nutriservis Profesional" and the final figures were compared with nutritive recommendations for population over 65 years old. The nutritive recommendations are listed in the publication called The Reference Values for Nutrient Intake 2011. Opinions on the issue of mushy foods served in retirement homes differ and it would be advisable to focus on better communication with families. According to my results, we can see that the issue of mushy foods is rather complex and it is necessary to solve it in a multidisciplinary way. The intervention of nutrition specialist is crucial within this type of diet. This thesis can be used as an educational source for students and specialists who take care of clients with a diet no. 1. Furthermore, the thesis can also raise awareness of mushy foods issue.
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The influence on the quality of life by home enteral nutrition
Horáčková, Michaela ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of home enteral tube feeding on the quality of patient's life. The work is divided into the theoretical, and the practical part. The theoretical part deals with the clinical nutrition topic, it describes the basic components of nutrition and their distribution, energy metabolism, problems of malnutrition, its causes, types, effects, screening and diagnostics. It also describes a system of nutritional care and nutritional team. Further defined the term enteral nutrition and its allocation, indications, contraindications, monitoring of enteral nutrition, description of the types of tube feeding and appropriate appliances. Next part gives attention to problematics and specifications of domestic tube feeding. The last chapter deals with the concept of quality of life, both general definition of the term, and quality of life relative to health and how it could be evaluated. The practical part deals with research of the quality of life of patients with tube feeding. For evaluating the quality of life I used The Short Form (36) Health Survey. Patients of IV Internal Clinic of General University Hospital in Prague responded to the survey. Results are listed to graphs. The aim of this thesis, after researching patient's quality of life, was to confirm the...
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Individual nutritional intervention for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Bohnerová, Beáta ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis is to evaluate changes in the body structure, selected laboratory values and blood pressure for patients with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus of 2nd type who attended nutritional therapy in diabetic ambulance. The patients were divided in 2 groups based on their preferences. The first monitored group monitored energy intakes and expenditures on web page www.kaloricketabulky.cz. The first group had also an opportunity to be supervised or to communicate with its nutritional therapist on web page www.casprozdravi.cz. The second monitored group monitored energy intakes and expenditures manually in the diabetic notebook. The body changes were monitored by bioelectric impedance scale Tanita BC-545 N during each consultation. Laboratory values were taken on consultation 1 and 5. The blood pressure was measured on consultation 1 and 5. Rated values - overall body weight, waistline, percentage of body fat, glycemia, HbA1c, overall cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure. The results of this research were weight reduction in both groups by an average of 3.2 %, waistline by 4.5 %, body fat by 1.7 %, glycemia by 16 %, HbA1C by 28.6 %, overall cholesterol by 15.1 %, HDL cholesterol by 6.5 %, LDL cholesterol by 23.6 %, triglycerides by...
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Eating disordes and the importance of nutrition
Kučírková, Hana ; Arlethová, Patricie (advisor) ; Duksová, Iva (referee)
This thesis deals with nutritional therapy for eating disorders. It explores whether nutritional therapy has an irreplaceable role in treatment of these disorders or whether nutritional therapy has a marginal effect. I describe general issues of eating disorders in a theoretical part of my thesis such as etiology, epidemiology, therapy and nutrition therapy. I composed educational handout about eating in a practical part of my thesis containing fundamental dietary recommendations, menu for underweight people and overeating. I tried to wrote this part in the most comprehensible form with a minimal amount of foreign words and medical terms therefore my thesis could be used for broad public. Key words Eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, overeating, nutritional therapy.
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Health educational background in the nutritional therapy of women after Gastric Plication in the age of 25 - 40 years
JIRKALOVÁ, Veronika
This Dissertation aims to document the influence of a nutrition therapist on the diet of female subjects in their reproductive age after gastric plication. The theoretical part clarifies the term "morbid obesity", it provides explanations for the main diagnostic criteria for this type of obesity, its risks, and last but not least it provides also a list of basic types of medical examinations of obese subjects. Another section of the theoretical part deals with weight-loss (bariatric) surgery where this term is described not only at a general level, but also specifically with the principle of gastric plication, indications as well as contraindications to this intervention. At the same time the Dissertation presents a Prague-based bariatric centre - OB klinika a.s., which is the only entity in the Czech Republic that deals with these activities. The last section in the theoretical part is focused on nutrition therapy and explains energy demands of human organism, describes healthy nutrition and clarifies essential features of obesity treatment, and it deals with the most important aspects as well - eating regime in the case of subjects after gastric plication. The practical part deals with 10 female subjects selected on a random basis, in the age category of 25 - 40 years of age, who underwent the gastric plication. Five of these subjects have been selected for the project entitled "New Chance" and they are monitored at a detailed level and follow the prescribed regime after gastric plication. The remaining five subjects undergo a standard post-operative regime. The five selected subject use menus prepared by a nutrition therapist and they are invited, in regular intervals, to visits with consultations regarding eating habits, drinking regime as well as any possible issues which may occur in the course of their treatment. With the help of tables and charts this part documents developments of weight reduction and at the same time it provides comparisons of changes before and after operation, especially in the areas important for a nutrition therapist.
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Nurse´s Contribution to Trophotherapy of Preterm Newborns in Intensive Care.
KRČMOVÁ, Pavla
The thesis is focused on nutrition of a preterm infant at an intensive care unit from the point of view of nursing activities. A nurse is faced to problems resulting from prematurity state like insufficient sucking, poor coordination of sucking and swallowing, she enters into interaction with parents who are afraid of the life and subsequently of the future of their beloved child. Natural nutrition, preferably with breast milk is irreplaceable in spite of the high development of initial formulas. This is why the mother of the child, who is vital for the newborn?s nutrition, has to be invited into the team. A hundred per cent enteral nutrition is not always possible, parenteral method has to be applied as well. Provision, evaluation and optimization of infant?s nutrition are results of activities of the whole team, i.e. of a nurse as well. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the findings of trophotherapy of a preterm newborn. It deals with parenteral as well as enteral alimentation, its composition and administration techniques. The empiric part lists and evaluates the research results that led to replies to research questions related to nurse?s contribution to trophotherapy of a preterm newborn, to the influence of permanent nasogastric tube on breathing and mucus congestion of the nose as well as to the awareness of nutrition problems among mothers of preterm infants. Measures resulting from the research results and recommendation for further examination are proposed at the end of the thesis. A brochure Preterm Baby Nutrition designed for distribution among mothers at neonatology and perinatology departments and Recommendations for Gastric Tube Introduction belong to the outputs. We should mention that the latter is based on procedures already presented. It was extended by recommendation of the place of introduction with regard to further intention of enteral nutrition administration.
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