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Nursing diagnosis in intenzive care units
Bartošová, Simona ; Strnadová, Alice (advisor) ; Marunová, Alice (referee)
v AJ: This diploma thesis deals with the field of nursing diagnosis in internal intensive care units. The theoretical part describes the basics of the nursing process and mainly focuses on the nursing diagnosis. Subsequently, it informs the reader about history, development and structure of the NANDA Taxonomy II. The main part of the thesis consists of a quantitative survey which aims at general nurses' knowledge about the nursing diagnosis NANDA - International. It also comments on how nursing diagnoses are made and what opinion general nurses have about making nursing diagnosis and NANDA taxonomy II. Finally, it provides the reader with overview of nursing diagnoses that general nurses often come across in intensive care units. And these diagnoses create uniform file according to the NANDA Taxonomy I I. Klíčová slova v AJ: Nursing diagnosis, nursing process, nursing diagnoses, NANDA- International, intenzive care unit
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Thrombophilia and thrombotic complications in severe septic patients
Zenáhlíková, Zuzana ; Kvasnička, Jan (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee) ; Malý, Jaroslav (referee)
Introduction: Thrombotic events are among the most serious complications of sepsis and also the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Currently, the administration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) is recommended in patients with severe sepsis for prophylaxis of these complications. However, this prophylaxis often fails. Objectives of the study: One of the objectives of our study was to examine changes in haemostasis in relation to the inflammatory response during 15 days of severe sepsis. The next objective was to determine whether a prophylactic inhibition of F Xa in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 IU/mL is achieved in these patients, if they receive the recommended prophylaxis with LMWH. We also recorded the dynamics of changes in the F Xa inhibition during the entire study period. Moreover, we tried to identify the factors that may affect the antithrombotic efficacy of the subcutaneously administered enoxaparin. Patient population and methods: A total of 35 ICU patients meeting the criteria of severe sepsis were enrolled in the study. Only 16 of these patients could be followed throughout the entire 15-day period. Patients were treated according to the current guidelines, including LMWH prophylaxis; enoxaparin (40 mg sc per day) was used in this study....
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Tracheostomy from the client's perspective
Martinů, Kateřina ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of clients who endured tracheostomy. The theoretical part is mainly paying attantion to explaining the anatomical and physiological proportions of larynx and trachea. The next, quite large chapter, focuses on tracheonomic cannula, tries to sum up the information from first attempts to open the trachea, types of tracheonomic cannulas and their advantages and disantvantages, to hygiene of the throat and correct care. These basic informations should be helpful to clients taking care of tracheostomy in home enviroment. The next chapter introduces the educational process of the client from the begining of hospitalization until dispensary care. The practical part is focused on quantitative research on sufficient information towards clients before surgery and finding out to what level are the clients bothered by the cannula and how to compensate. From the obtained data it was possible to deduct that 65% of clients received information from the nurse about how to use a cannula, including a demonstration. 35% was informed about the treatment. The research also revealed that 55% of clients with temporary tracheostomy perceives the limited comunication posibilites as a major problem. Keywords in English Tracheostomy Otorhinolaryngology Intensive care unit Nursing...
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Issues of nursing care during pacient´s transfer from an intensive care unit to a standard surgical ward
CHMELÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
A lot of patients are hospitalized at the intensive care unit after a major operation at the surgery ward. After the stabilisation of the condition they are transferred to a standard department. The nursing care at these two departments obviously differs. The difference can particularly be seen in the care itself, but also in the accessibility of the nursing staff and protection of patient privacy. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out in what areas the nursing staff can see problems with the patients that are transferred from the intensive care unit to a standard ward and to map the differences between the levels of the nursing care at these two departments. A quantitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews was applied to the research. The research sample consisted of six nurses working at a standard department and five patients meeting the criterion of the transfer from the ICU to a standard ward. The analyses of the information provided was performed by means of the "pencil and paper" method, where we numbered the individual interviews and tried to find similar answers therein. The research has shown that nurses perceive an early transfer of a patient to a standard ward negatively, as in most cases the care of such patients is extremely time consuming. Another problem is in the insufficient information of a patient in terms of the post-operation rehabilitation and inability to absorb the information provided by a nurse. The patients can see the difference mainly in the frequency of the nursing staff, in the continuous monitoring of the physiological functions and last but not least also in the protection of patient privacy. The results of the research might serve as an input for a seminar held on this issue and lead to the future improvement of the quality of the nursing care at these two departments.
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Quality of working life of selected groups of nurses
Taušová, Adéla ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Ivana (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Quality of working life in selected groups of nurses" presents a comparison of quality of working life of nurses in intensive care units and nurses in department for long-term illnesses. Theoretical part deals with the presentation of basic knowledge of quality of life and quality of working life. The folowing are the roles of nurses and characteristic of general activities carried out by nurses. Furthermore it focuses on the type sof workplaces, where it conducted its own research. Own research was conducted using questionnaires. Their task was to colect dates that coresponds to indicators of quality of working life and can evaluate quality of working life. The dates were evaluated using tables and graphs and results were compared with each other. Then the results were compared with the results of a survey conducted by the Center for research of public mening by Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences.
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Comparison of need for cooperation in a medical team at a unit of intensive care and standard department
Polívková, Lenka ; Marsová, Jana (advisor) ; Drábková, Jarmila (referee)
Téma: Porovnání potřeby sounáležitosti ve zdravotnickém týmu na jednotkách intenzivní péče a standardních odděleních. Cílem diplomové práce je zjistit míru uspokojení potřeby sounáležitosti ve zdravotnickém týmu na jednotkách intenzivní péče a standardních odděleních. Ve své teoretické části se zabývám podrobným rozborem potřeby sounáležitosti. Charakterizuji problematiku lidských potřeb a jejich důležitost při působení v pracovním kolektivu na jednotkách intenzivní péče a standardních odděleních. Poukazuji na příčiny a projevy frustrace této potřeby. Zabývám se fluktuací zdravotnických pracovníků a pohlížím na narušení potřeby sounáležitosti, jako na jeden z důvodu proč sestry mění pracovní místa. Praktická část práce je zpracována formou kvantitativního výzkumu. Metodou dotazníkového šetření jsem získala data od 142 respondentů (všeobecných sester, sanitářů, fyzioterapeutů ve fakultních a krajských nemocnicích). V dotazníku jsem sledovala tyto oblasti: základní faktografické údaje, frustraci potřeby sounáležitosti a její projevy, důvody fluktuace, motivaci v pracovním kolektivu. Zpracováním dat jsem došla k závěru, že sestry znají význam výrazu potřeba sounáležitosti. Subjektivně více vnímají frustraci sounáležitosti zdravotničtí pracovníci ze standardních oddělení než zdravotníci z jednotek...
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The issue of treating patient with polytrauma
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Barbora
Polytrauma is an injury of one or more organic systems or body areas the mutual combination and extent of which may lead to direct death threat. Polytrauma stands on the first step of the mortality ladder particularly among those of 1 45 years of age. Not only timely emergency care, but also professional quality of the care play important role here. Treatment of a patient with polytrauma requires quality performance of physically and psychically demanding work The aim of the thesis was 1: To find out whether nurses at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department have knowledge of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma. 2: To find out the specifics of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. 3: To find out the differences in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. Research questions: 1. Where do ARD nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 2. Where do ICU nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 3. Where do nurses from a standard department see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 4. How do ARD nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 5: How do ICU nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 6: How do nurses from a standard department care of a patient with polytrauma? 7: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ARD nurses have? 8: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ICU nurses have? 9: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do nurses from a standard department have? Qualitative research was applied to preparation of the thesis. Non-structured interview and involved observation were the data collection methods. The research was performed at an anaesthesia and resuscitation department, at an intensive care unit and at a standard traumatology department. The research was anonymous. The research has shown that ARD and ICU nurses as well as those at the standard department are aware of treatment of patients with polytrauma. We observed that they cared about patients' needs and all activities they perform comply with nursing care standards. They are aware of complications that might occur in a polytraumatized patient. We have also found that mainly the difference in communication with a patient belongs to the specifics of the above mentioned departments. The results also show that the care provided at the ARD and the ICU is acute, while the standard department mostly provides subsequent care. We found that the biggest difference in treatment of patients with polytrauma at the above departments is in communication with a patient. Communication is at the minimum at ARD, where work with monitors prevails. Nurses of the ICU and the standard department cope with different problems. These are lack of space and electronic equipment at the ICU. The care of a patient with polytrauma who is not self-sufficient and requires permanent care and attention of a nurse is physically and psychically demanding at a standard department. It is not sufficient according to the nurses. The problem is in their opinion in high number of patients, lack of beds, extensive attention to some patients and last but not least the growing administration conducted by nurses. This brings the problems in nurse-patient communication at a standard department. The nurses are aware of the fact that effective communication has positive impact on patient recovery as it moderates pain and confusion and helps against anxiety and stress, helps relieve pain, reduce complications and accelerate convalescence. It would be interesting to prepare a seminar for the ARD, ICU and standard department healthcare staff to improve nursing care of a patient with polytrauma in relation to that.
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Burnout Syndrom and Prevention of Nurses in Hospital.
ELLINGEROVÁ, Klára
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the experience of nurses with burnout syndrome and its prevention. In order to this, I have been examining a number of nurses who have experienced burnout syndrome, the level of intensity they experienced and the nurses' opinion on the prevention of this psychical state. The theoretical part will focus on the nurses' job description and psychological stresses related to their duties. Furthermore I will focus on burnout syndrome - its risk factors, causes, stages and prevention. I will inform as well about daily course and operations at the Intensive Care Unit and the standard inpatient department. The empirical part focuses on comparing the level of burnout syndrome of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit versus those working in the standard inpatient department. Furthermore I am examining the experience of nurses with the burnout syndrome and its prevention. I will use a questionnaire as the research method.
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Airconditioning system for intensive care unit
Bosák, Jan ; Tesař, Zdeněk (referee) ; Rubina, Aleš (advisor)
The brachelor's dissertation deals airconditioning system, that operate clean spaces in the hospital. System is divide for two separate working unit. The first system operate surgical intesive care unit and next near spaces. The second system operate bed's rooms and their near spaces. The first systém shoulds smother thermal load operate's rooms in summer time and hot air ventilation in winter time. The second system does hot air ventilation whole year and It is refill fan-coils for smother thermal load. Both of them can adjust air humidity. Theory part of dissertation deals clean spaces with specialization on hospitals, for example operating theatre and intensive care unit.
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Hygiene care for patients in the ICU
KABÁTOVÁ, Anna
Hygienic care in the intensive care unit is one of the procedures, which lead to improvement of the patient's health state. If it's done in the correct way it helps to improve not only physical but it also influences psychological side of the patient. In the theoretical part of my work is an explanation of the base of the intensive care unit, it's equipment and personnel security. I also focus on different levels of hygienic care, mainly on the descbrition of the correct steps of all procedures. In the theoretical part is a describtion of the hygienic regime, that is valid in the intensive care unit and there is a basic describtion of the principles of barrier care. In the empirical part provided the following objectives : To check the knowledge of nurses when it comes to hygienic care of the patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit . To determine this goal was established hypothesis : Nurses have sufficient about how to provide hygienic care. The second objective of this To find out how nurses perform hygienic care This goal was set research question : How the nurses perform hygienic care of the patients in the intensive care unit?
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