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Renal pathology and diagnostic methods
Špiková, Andrea ; Fikrová, Petra (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Spikova Andrea Renal pathology and diagnostic methods Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician This thesis is focused on diagnostic methods in various renal diseases. The first part is devoted to the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, where is outlined how look and operate various parts of kidneys and also the whole organ. Next part si composed of analysis of the urine, where is described chemical analysis with test strip, when the colore change of indicator of zones subtracted result according to the color scale on the container tube. Nowadays are two types of devices for reading the diagnostic strips on the market. Basic reflex photometer operated by person or fully automatic one. Further part describe the examination of urinary sediment using light microscopy or phase contrast microscopy. In modern biochemical laboratories urinary sediment is investigated using flow cytometry or digital capture particles. The last part is devoted to imaging methods and renal biopsy, to their description, indications and pa comparison with another method. Imaging methods include ultrasonography, native image renal, excretory urography, ascendent ureter/pyelography, computed tomography, multidetector computed tomography,...
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Nursing care of the patient with ischemic heart disease
Šedová, Lenka ; Heřmanová, Jana (advisor) ; Jirásek, Vít (referee)
Autor práce: Lenka Šedová Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jana Heřmanová Odborný konzultant: MUDr. Vít Jirásek Téma práce: A Nursing Care of the Patient with Diagnosis Coronary Artery Disease after Surgery Abstract: The aim of the work is to report on the case of a 79-year-old patient after cardiac surgical intervention. The surgery was indicated for coronary artery disease. The clinical part deals with the characteristics and stages of ACD. It also deals with the diagnosis and treatments of UP (unstable angina). The next part describes the patient's hospitalization. The last part describes the palliative care of this patient, his psychological rehabilitation and his return to daily life. The nursing history is formulated according to the theory of Virginie Henderson. An important role in the reduction of complications is the education of patient. Key words: ACD, UA, nursing proces, Henderson's theory, aortocoronary bypass, Warfarin, methods of invstigation, self-sufficiency, self-care
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Determining the most common functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system of primary school children, particularly in the 1st and 2nd grade at elementary schools in Strakonice
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Veronika
In summary of findings we first address problems of correct and poor posture. We present methods how to easily detect function disorders of locomotive system, their basic characteristics, and how to compensate such disorders, or how to prevent them completely. The research focuses on determination of the most common function disorders in children of young school age. Total of 384 children from 1st and 2nd grades of all elementary schools in Strakonice participated in the survey. The following methods were chosen evalutation of posture according to Jaroš and Lomíček, which disclosed that the most common function disorders apply to lower limbs. Testing according to Matthias showed that 33 % of children suffer from poor posture. The research includes a questionaire, which helped us to find out that poor posture occurs less frequently in children who pursue physical activities.
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Level of prevention tumors in breasts in the Strakonice region
NEDVĚDOVÁ, Jana
The number of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer is about seven thousand annually, which means slightly increased incidence. The causes of this disease are not quite clear. What is known, however, are the risk factors. Primary prevention focuses mainly on the suppression or elimination of risk factors. Secondary prevention aims at diagnosing the cancer at an early clinical stage, which enables more efficient treatment. The first preventive mammographic screening was introduced in the Czech Republic in 2002. It is a preventive examination of mammary glands by means of Mammogram, which is covered by health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once in two years. The survey on the level of prevention of breast cancer in the region of Strakonice was conducted by means of a questionnaire which was distributed among the patients of general practitioners in the selected towns and districts. The objective of the paper was to find out whether the women in the Strakonice region are informed of the risk factors of the disease. Another topic addressed was the breast self-examination. Women under 45 depend purely on it, as they are not entitled to free screening covered by health insurance. Women have been found to carry out breast self-examination quite rarely, and therefore, it would be beneficial to familiarize these women with the self-examination technique via general practitioners, gynecologists, or through the media. Self-examination should be commonly conducted by every woman over 20. Another goal of the paper was to find out what experience women had with imaging screening technologies in mammography, especially whether women over 45 undergo regular preventive mammographic screening. Also, how accessible such an examination is in the Strakonice region. At present, there are only three mammography centers in the South Bohemia region, none of which is in Strakonice. It was found that 82% of respondents over 45 take part in the screening program, and 78% of them would appreciate if a mammography center were established in Strakonice.
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Examination Methods in Kidney Disease and Urinary Tract from the Perspective of a Nurse
HOLÁNOVÁ, Klára
Theoretical part of the thesis: In the theoretical part, the most frequently used examination methods for kidney and urinary tract diseases are briefly described. For each examination method, the course of examination is described and also the information necessary for patients who are due to undergo it are included. Individual examination methods also include a description of the nurse's work which is related to the corresponding examination. Aims of the thesis: In the empirical part, two aims are set. The first aim was to ascertain the specificity of nursing care of a patient after a diagnostic cystoscopy, to which this question was posed: What information on the issues of complications after diagnostic cystoscopy do the nurses have? The second aim was to ascertain with what information the nurses provide patients before the sonography of kidneys and bladder. To this aim, following question was posed: With what information do the nurses provide patients before the sonography of kidneys and bladder? Methodology of the thesis: To create the empirical part, qualitative research using a semi-structured interview method was selected. The research sample was comprised of nurses from the departments of urology of selected hospitals of the South Bohemian Region. The data collection was carried out after the interview questions were approved by the head of the nursing staff and after an agreement with the charge nurse of particular department. The matter of this research was explained to every respondent and they were assured that their answers are anonymous and would be used only in the empirical part of this thesis. Due to the disagreement of nurses with recording of interviews, the interviews were written down in hand and then rewritten on a computer. The interviews contained a total of 15 questions ascertaining identification data, general nursing care, the most frequently performed examinations, problems of patients, preparation and providing information before a sonographic examination and a diagnostic cystoscopy. The data obtained were further processed into categorization groups and analysed. Results: In the empirical part, we ascertained from the results of the research survey that the nurse's care of patients at the department of urology is rather average, but the nurses are familiar with the basics of nursing and they know how to prepare patients for the examination. The research survey showed that nurses are not familiar with the preparation of a patient for a sonographic examination of kidneys not a single nurse stated the instructions to patient on non-flatulent diet on the day before the examination. The nurses are mostly familiar with care of a patient after a diagnostic cystoscopy and they are informed about possible complications associated with this examination. Conclusion: The theme of this bachelor thesis was chosen and written about to deepen my knowledge on this issue. The thesis could also be used as a study material for nurses who do not have enough information on this issue and would like to deepen their knowledge. It could also be suitable for patients who are not sure about the examination they should undergo.
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The urologynecologic Operation and the nursing Care
ŠPILAUEROVÁ, Vlasta
Abstract The Bachelor´s work is called Urogynecological Operations and Nursing Care. The aim of this work has been to summarise up-to-date ways of surgical treatment of urinary incontinency and following nursing care in the theorteical part and to find out common reasons why women search for a professional help in the practical part. In this part I have also tried to find out if women are informed of possible options of urogynecological treatment and if they are provided with a good-quality nursing care. The qualitative research method, a questionnaire, was used. The information was collected at the gynecological department of the hospital in České Budějovice. Eighty clients (100%) were asked to complete the questionnaire. There were options offered in some questions. The return rate was 92.5% (74 questionnnaires) but only 66 of them (82.5%) could be used for final evaluation. This number (66) finally represents 100%. There were three hypotheses stated. The first hypothesis should have proved that women search for professional help in case of their urinary incontinence. It has proved in 100%. The second hypothesis should have proved that women-clients are informed of urogynecological treatment options. The hypothesis has proved. The third hypothesis should have proved that women-clients are provided with a good-quality nursing care. This hypothesis has also proved as the clients are satisfied with the nursing care. The findings of this research could be beneficial for clinic work. Midwifery is supposed to be a mission in life. Women should be cared for all their lives. If we wish to be respected, we should help women throughout their lives, not only in the time when they deliver their child.
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Small bowel´s examination methods
NAGY, Markéta
Imaging methods play an essential role in the diagnostic algorithm by determining the disease character in any part of the human body. For the diagnostic small intestine diseases we use as classic X-ray methods as modern modalities. In introduce I mention history, morphology and physiology of small intestine. Than I describe summary about X-ray and non X-ray examination methods of small intestine (from basic methods to those special). Among basic examination methods of small intestine belong for example X-ray of abdomen, ultrasonography, passage throw small intestine and enteroclyse. Special examinations are CT enteroclyse, nuclear medicine examination, MR enteroclyse, angiography, enteroscopy and capsle endoscopy (CE). After compendium indications, contraindications, contrast agents and preparation patient for examination, in the finish of my work I worked up a collection of patient which were examined between the years 2002 {--} 2006 on our clinic {--} Institut of clinical and experimental medicine (IKEM), in Prague.
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