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The dynamics of non-structural saccharides accumulation and Rubisco activity under the elevated carbon dioxide concentration and sink manipulation at beech
Uhrová, Lucie ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with dynamic of accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates and activity of Rubisco enzyme at elevated concentration of CO2 on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Three years old seedlings of beech were cultivated in minisphere with ambient (385 µmol•mol-1, variant A), and with elevated concentration CO2 (700 µmol•mol-1, variant E) for four months. In every variant the first half of plants was fertilized by nitrogen (variant N+) and the second half was control (variant N-). Plants used for experiment were at first adapted for darkness for 12 hours. Subsequently tested leaves were cut off, leafstalk including short segment of branch (approximately 1 cm) was inserted into 0.7 M solution of sucrose (variant S) or water (variant V) and exposed to radiation 200 mol•m-2•s-1 for 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes. Then leaf area and fresh mass of leaf blade were established, samples were fixed in liquid nitrogen and stored in deep freezer to analysis in –70 °C. Rubisco content was determined by SDS-PAGE method, Rubisco activity spectrofotometrically and content of non-structural carbohydrates by anthrone method and HPLC method. Rubisco content was significantly lower in the N- variant than in N+ variant. Rubisco content was also significantly lower in E than in A variant, which is an evidence of down-regulation. Rubisco activity is moderately stimulated at E variant with time, but differences between variant A and E are not statistically significant. Influence of sucrose feeding to Rubisco activity was not proved. Significant differences were detected by anthrone method in non-structural carbohydrates content between variants S and V, but not between variants A and E. Statistically significant increase of sucrose content with time was detected by HPLC method at variant AS, but not at variant ES.
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Diurnal changes of Rubisco content and its activity under ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide
Matulková, Zuzana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis, the diurnal changes of initial and total Rubisco activity and Rubisco enzyme content in beech (Fagus sylvatica) were studied under conditions of ambient (A) CO2 concentration (350 µmol.mol-1) and elevated (E) CO2 concentration (700 µmol.mol-1) during the day. Samples were taken on July 8th (from 10:00 to 21:30), on July 9th (from 04:00 to 12:00) and then on July 22th (from 04:00 to 21:30). The initial and total activity were measured spectrophotometrically and the activation level was calculated from the ratio of initial and total activities. Rubisco enzyme content was determined by SDS-PAGE method and the initial and total specific activity were calculated from the ratio of initial or total activity and Rubisco enzyme content. In our experiment no statistically significant difference was found between Rubisco activities in beeches cultivated under conditions of ambient CO2 concentration and elevated CO2 concentration, so any down-regulation of Rubisco activity did not appear under the influence of ambient CO2 concentration. Diurnal changes of Rubisco activities showed only statistically nonsignificant fluctuation. After daylight no significant increase of total Rubisco activity was observed, which demonstrates the absence or the immaterial effect of CA1P night inhibitor in beech. Intensive fluctuation of the activation level (40–90 %) proves the regulation of photosynthesis during the day via Rubisco enzyme carbamylation. Rubisco enzyme content in beech cultivated under conditions of ambient CO2 concentration was lower than that one in beech cultivated under conditions of elevated CO2 concentration. Then down-regulation of Rubisco enzyme content is presented under conditions of ambient CO2 concentration. Before daylight Rubisco enzyme content showed an indistinctive minimum on the level of statistical significance, during the day only nonrelevant fluctuation was noticed.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the Rubisco amount and activity.
Zachová, Lucie ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma work changes of initial and total activities and content of Rubisco in beech and Norway spruce were studied. The plants were cultivated in conditions with ambient CO2 concentration (350 mol·mol–1) and elevated CO2 concentration (700 mol·mol–1). Three series of samples (at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of growing season) were taken. Initial and total Rubisco activities were measured spectrophotometrically and activation state was calculated. Rubisco content was determined by SDS–PAGE method. Rubisco activity in beech cultivated in elevated CO2 concentration decreased during the whole growing season while in beech growing in ambient CO2 concentration Rubisco activity decreased up to middle of growing season and then increased. Rubisco content in beech in ambient CO2 concentration slightly increased and in beech in elevated CO2 concentration decreased up to middle of growing season and then increased. Rubisco activities in Norway spruce both in ambient and elevated CO2 concentration decreased. Rubisco content in Norway spruce in ambient CO2 concentration decreased but in Norway spruce in elevated CO2 concentration first decreased and then increased.
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History of Civil Aviation 1970-2000
Sehnálková, Radka ; Bencalík, Karol (referee) ; Chlebek, Jiří (advisor)
The main subject of this bachelor’s thesis is concise and clear history of civil aviation between year 1970 and 2000. This era is typical with outset of large transport aircraft, which are intended for long distances and big number of passengers, but attention is also paid to aircraft, which are not for transport of so many passengers. Thesis is focus on concise description of individual aircraft, divided by its types of propulsions and producer.
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Diurnal changes of Rubisco activity under ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide
Uhrová, Lucie ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
Diurnal changes of Rubisco activity under the impact of ambient (380 µmol mol-1) and elevated (700 µmol mol-1) concentrations of carbon dioxide were studied in beech (Fagus sylvatica). Samples from leaves were taken in the two-hour intervals from 4:00 to 21:30 on the 22. 7. 2009 and activity of Rubisco was determined spectrophotometrically. No statistically significant differences were found between Rubisco activity of leaves growing in ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. No increase of Rubisco total activity after daylight shows that nocturnal inhibitor CA1P is not present or plays only negligible role in beech. During the day Rubisco activity showed only statistically insignificant deviations. A slight decrease of Rubisco activation state in the afternoon indicates the afternoon depression of Rubisco initial activity.
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Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration at Rubisco activity and its content in sunny and shaded leaves of beech
Vičíková, Magda ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration at Rubisco activity and its content in sunny and shaded leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica). The initial and total activities were measured spectrophotometrically, the content of Rubisco was determined by using SDS-PAGE method. It was observed statistically significant higher activity of Rubisco in leaves cultivated under elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in June but not in September. In contrary, exposure of leaves (sunny/shaded) did not have significant influence on Rubisco activity in June, but in September was found lower activity of Rubisco in shaded leaves than in sunny leaves. The content of Rubisco was lower in leaves cultivated under elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (acclimation), with the exception of shaded leaves in September. There was found significantly lower Rubisco content in shaded leaves than in sunny leaves both in June and in September.
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Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected beech stands in Blanský les
HEJNA, Ondřej
The diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three beech stands were compared during 2012 and 2013 years in two soil horizons. Individual ectomycorrhizal roots tips were morphologically and anatomically characterized. Representative morphotypes were identified by using molecular methods to confirm and verify ectomycorrhizal fungal species.
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Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in beech forest \kur{(Fagus sylvatica)}
HEJNA, Ondřej
The objectives of this work described here were to summarize and evaluate current knowledge in ectomycorrhizal fungi with the intention at the colonization of root system beech Fagus sylvatica to ectomycorrhizal fungi. This work mainly was targeted at diversity of these ectomycorrhizal fungi in beech forest affected positive and negative by environmental and anthropogenic factors. Last part of this work describes qualitative and quantitative methods used in investigation of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their diversity.
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Seasonal variability in isotopic signature of leaf water and related water compartments. An ecophysiological perspective.
PLAVCOVÁ, Lenka
Stable isotope composition of bulk leaf water is a useful proxy for geochemical and biological processes and is, thus, appreciated in ecological research and global modelling. The mechanisms determining the abundance of different isotopes in leaf water are not fully understood. The research presented in this thesis aimed to describe variability in leaf water isotopes which occurs under natural conditions and to distinguish which factors generate such variability. For that purpose, field sampling, water extraction, stable isotope analysis and measurements of several additional environmental and physiological characteristics were carried out at one sampling site during three subsequent growing seasons. The results obtained point out that oxygen isotopes rather then hydrogen isotopes have greater potential to be used in higher scale applications. Apart from that, several interesting ecophysiological interpretations of isotopic data have been made.
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