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The issue of causal link in disputes over compensation of damage to health
Svobodová, Kamila ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of causation in disputes relating to compensation of damage to health. The aim of this work is to give a comprehensive interpretation of this issue. The work presents possible approaches of proving a causality between illegal misconduct during treatment and the damage caused to a patient. In medico-legal disputes patient must carry the burden of proof. It also compares the European legislation in relation to the necessary degree of proof with the main focus on German legislation and institutes created by the case law of German courts. Furthermore it presents the interpretation of causality in terms of the Principles of European Tort Law. The work deals marginally with certain aspects of proceedings concerning compensation of damage to health and expert assessment.
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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Philosophy of extreme voluntarism (Schopenhauer) and its influence on later authors (Friedrich Nietzche and Ladislav Klima)
LASTOMIRSKÁ, Jana
The work deals with the extreme voluntarism and his influence on later authors. First, is the work of Schopenhauer explained the concept of the metaphysical will. Here is insights will primarily as a form of objectification and the closest is served objectification of the body, understood as object.In next section, this will monitored in philosophy of Ladislav Klíma and his idea of egodeism. For Klíma however, metaphysical will lose its transcendent ability and insight from a purely subjective point of view. The last part is mentioned Friedrich Nietzsche, whose theory of the will to power and the death of God, could be an inspiration for the Klíma's idea of egodeism.
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Graphical models in statistics and econometrics
Hubálek, Ondřej ; Zouhar, Jan (advisor) ; Bisová, Sára (referee)
Graphical models in statistics and econometrics provide capability to describe causal relations using causal graph in classical regression analysis and others econometric tools. Goal of this thesis is description of causal modelling of time series with help of structural models of vector autoregression. There is description of procedure of building structural VAR model, principle of graphical models and building model for causal dependence analysis. For purpose of comparison there are used data from both USA and Czech Republic and comparison of similar models for both countries is presented. Best models are then selected, to show causal relations between macroeconomic variables. For purpose of analysis, impulse-response functions are used to show impact of demand shock on GDP and other macro indicators.
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Confrontation of western and eastern spirituality: options and limitations of contemporary approaches the transcendent
KLOZAR, Karel
The thesis deals with examination of the transcendent in relation to the human being through intraspective and extraspective analysis of some typical differences of eastern and western approach to being. Pointing out some fundamental differences on extraspective level. Searching for possible similarities on intraspective level ? real, imaginary and possible. Inspiration with Jung's collective unconsciousness and individuation process as the possible key to understanding the essence of human as focus of relation of an universal and an individual. The transcendent as a collective goal, or source of conflict? Are eastern and western approaches the transcendent compatible? Is there some essence of the transcendent, which is universal and points to some unbiased form of experience? Integration of consciousness and unconsciousness as the fundamental joint of East and West.
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Scholastic Presumpttions of Descartes' Proofs of God's Existence in Meditationes de Prima Philosophia
ŠPAČEK, Ondřej
The work deals with the examination of traditional scholastic presumptions, which are contained in Descartes{\crq} doctrine of proofs of God{\crq}s existence formulated in writing Meditationes de prima philosophia. The first part of the work examines two a posteriori proofs. First, they{\crq}re both described and in another part of the work is shown, what traditional presumptions are contained in them. We{\crq}re finding most influences in the domain of causality, where Descartes picks from his ancestors a part of doctrine of simultaneity of causes, per se efficient causes and agrees with theory of imposibility of infinite regress of causes, which in principle even supplements. In the second part of the work, which examines the ontological proof of God, is shown that for clear understanding of this theory is necessary the doctrine of distinction of reason, which was formulated by Francisco Suárez. Without this framework, Descartes{\crq} ontological argument leads to many problems and nonsenses.
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Odpovědnost za škodu v obchodním právu
Podojilová, Petra ; Kalinová, Miluše (advisor) ; Koucká, Jiřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with problems of the liability for damage in the commercial law. The main aim of this thesis is to provide well-arranged and consistent information about the liability for damage in the Czech commercial law. At the beginning there is the definition of the liability and in the following part there is the explanation of the liability for damage according to the Civil Code and Commercial Code. This part of the thesis includes both the general and the special legal regulations.The practical part of the thesis includes three judical decisions. These decisions help to understand how courts work and adjudicate in practice.
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The Liability for Damage in the Commercial Law
Hindrová, Barbora ; Kalinová, Miluše (advisor) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with problems of the liability for damage in the Czech commercial law. The main aim of this thesis is to provide well-arranged information about the liability for damage in the Czech commercial law. At the beginning there is the definition of the liability and in the following part there is the explanation of the liability according to the Civil Code and Commercial Code. This part of the thesis includes the general and special legal regulations and also the noncontractual liability. The conclusion of the thesis is devoted to the examination of the causality and the example of the liability insurance of the private limited liability company.
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Austrians and the Mainstream: The Stories of Exchange Rate Determination
Biľo, Šimon ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
The scope of the present thesis is four-fold. First, to clarify and explain the means-ends framework and step-by-step analysis of the Austrian school. Second, to apply this framework to the Austrian theory of exchange rates. Third, to link the framework with most of the existing Austrian research related with the exchange rate theory and discuss this research. And fourth, to confront the Austrian economics with two mainstream approaches - Dornbusch?s overshooting model and short-run portfolio balance model. Message springing from this confrontation is twofold. First, the fundamental differences between present-day mainstream methods are envisaged. And second, the fact of possibility of mutual enrichment of both approaches from each other despite of completely different methodological backgrounds is suggested.
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