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Emissions of medium pressure steam boilers for gaseous fuel
Zavadil, Jan ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (advisor)
The aim of this the Bachelor Thesis is a description of a medium steam boiler for gas fuels, fuel's emissions created during the burning process of natural gas and following evaluation of measured pollutants in 5 years of operation. First part of the thesis describes types of steam boilers and most important parts of it. Following a brief comparison of burners for gas and liquid fuels and pollutants created during the burning process of natural gas and their impact on the environment. The last part focuses on measurements of pollutants in real device and a review of produced pollutants created during the long-term operation.
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Design of Energy Systems Using Hydrogen as Fuel
Slováček, Adam ; Kermes, Vít (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The subject of diploma thesis is to gather knowledge in the production and use of hydrogen. This work is devoted to a comparison of the previously existing processes for producing hydrogen, where the vast majority is filled of fossil fuel. Another section is devoted to new materials for the study based on a number of selected patents and the experiment promising new method for decomposition of water. Based on available data will be carried out energy balance and consequently will be drafted energy system using hydrogen as fuel. In conclusion will be future possibilities evaluated in the field of hydrogen energy.
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The Influence of Operating Parameters and Construction Parameters of the Process Burner on Stability and Combustion Processes Parameters
Skryja, Pavel ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Odstrčil, Miloslav (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
The objectives of this paper focus upon composing recommendations with respect to burners design while observing aerodynamic, together with present and advanced developments in the field of flame technology principles. Specifically the aims are set at flame stability and pollutions. Important part of this paper is a novel design procedure dealing with premixed burners. Further, by exploiting the results of testing program enabled one to design burners exhibiting low level of nitrogen oxides emissions. On the basis of aerodynamic analysis of premixed burners flow path several recommendations on the geometry resulted in proposing two ejectors, which transport the combustion air. In the first ejector the fuel jet, generated by flow through a nozzle, draws the specified part of the combustion air, and then the mixture is a driving agent of the second ejector. The remaining part of combustion air flows first through the radial curved vanes, and second its tangential velocity component is augmented by axial vanes prior it enters mixing part of the second ejector. For the additional contribution to the rotating motion the inclined axial vanes built inside the nozzle of the second ejector are responsible. The resulting swirling number reaches the values up to 2.6. For the burner so arranged fire stability and low NOx emissions in the wide operating conditions can be expected. Within the frame of extensive testing program in the field of diffusion burners several modifications have been carried out such as setting of axial vanes which secure the swirling motion, changes of combustion air flows path, and modifications of secondary nozzles, these resulted in extending zone of stabilized flame and reducing the formation of NOx, e.g. NOx emissions of 70 ppm, prior the modifications, have dropped to 30 ppm (dry flue gas 3% O2). The main contribution of this paper stands in applications of development activities results in aerodynamic and flame within their implementation in the field of burners design. Further, it is the proposed design of burners which are capable of simultaneously firing products of the biomass microwave pyrolysis, namely syngas and bio-oils.
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Verification of the model for predicting the properties of the combustion process
Horsák, Jan ; Kilkovský, Bohuslav (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work thoroughly analyzes a previously created computational model for predicting characteristic properties of the combustion process in an experimental combustion chamber. Any found shortcomings of the original model are removed and the model is further improved prior to its application on 11 real cases of combustion tests performed at various conditions and with various fuels. Data provided by the model are confronted with the data obtained during the combustion tests and the model accuracy is evaluated, based on local heat flux along the length of the combustion chamber. Finally, the overall usefulness of the model is determined by the means of evaluating the acquired accuracy values, and further possibilities of model improvement and use are presented.
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Design of combustion chamber 30 kW for gaseous fuels
Rychter, Aleš ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
Master thesis deals with design of combusting chamber for gaseous fuels with predicted thermal output less than 30 kilowatts. Designed equipment will be used as a generator of flue gases with required parameters further used for experimental catalytic unit. Due to the need of draft creation inside the combustion chamber and exhaust pipe is master thesis also deals with design of ejector nozzle, which will be used for this purpose. Opening chapters of this work, considering a theoretical part, are focused on basic classification of combustion chambers and industrial burners. Next and main chapter is dedicated to main goal of this work, which is combustion chamber design, containing necessary calculations divided into balance calculation and construction design. Final chapters deals with above mentioned calculation of ejector nozzle ensuring sufficient draft and also sufficient cooling of flue gases incoming from catalytic unit.
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Condensing technology and flue gas
Müller, Jan ; Topič, Jan (referee) ; Počinková, Marcela (advisor)
This thesis is developed as a proposal for heating for a primary school and kindergarten in the region of Brno-countryside. For the insulated building, a combination of heating and air-conditioning is proposed. The concept is designed so that the air-conditioning preheats the exterior air and the heating system warms the incoming air to a comfortable temperature. For the required thermal performance, sources of heat (for gas and pellets) and a layout solution for the boiler room is designed. Drainage of combustion products is proposed for both solutions. The project solution is per the extent of the construction permit. The theoretical part is linked with the practical part through the condensation boilers, their function and division, and drainage of combustion products. The experiment for the given topic was conducted on the drainage of combustion products. The pressure loss of the reverse knob was determined in relation to the flow rate of air in the condensation boilers as this loss is essential in assessing the drainage of combustion products.
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Burners for liquid and gaseous fuels
Zaidullina, Liliia ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis is focused on the burners for liquid and gaseous fuels, primarily on the ones that are used in industrial technological equipment. This is a detailed research of available sources including publications and websites in order to describe the classification and construction of burners and their operation and also standards that must be observed. Three main objectives were defined for the paper. The first one is to describe the different types of burners, the basic construction concept of the burners on liquid and gaseous fuels. Usually, the construction of the burner depends on technological conditions of their application. The second objective is to describe the legal standards and basic parameters of the burners. These standards are applicable to industrial burners for gaseous and liquid fuels, which burn with mixture air and fuel. The standards cannot be applied to the burners, in which the additives such as electric or acoustic energy and oxygen. The third objective is to describe the method of offering and calculating burners.
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Burners for high-temperature industrial applications
Naď, Martin ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The main purpose of the bachelor thesis is the discussion of different types of burners and their components. Emphasis is placed mainly on the combustion process with oxygen content more than 21 % in the combustion air, the so called oxygen-enhanced combustion (OEC). The thesis describes characteristic features, possibilities and appropriateness of its use. Since in handling of oxygen there is a level of risk of injury, the thesis also assesses the safety and risks associated therewith. As the combustion process in terms of OEC is significantly different from the conditions of combustion with the atmospheric air, the thesis analyses the impact of the content of oxygen in atmospheric air on flue gas temperature and fuel consumption.
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Testing facilities for burner testing
Sobočík, Robert ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis is focused on testing facilities intended for burner testing. It deals with a thorough research of accessible material including specialist technical literature and relevant websites in order to gather any available information on current burners and monitor present situation in the market, as well as to provide new information on burner testing facilities and collecting, processing and evaluating the data gained in testing process in Czech and foreign companies.
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