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Usage of emoticons and emojis in the Internet practice
Davidová, Jitka ; Vondra, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Horný, Stanislav (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Usage of emoticons and emojis in the Internet practice" aims to clarify a boom which is currently happening around these nonverbal means of electronic communication. This study tries to reveal the causes of this modern trend and to specify the possibilities of its usage from the media point of view. Emoticon is not introduced just as a sign, but also as a functional mean of intermediality. The subject of study is firstly set into a broader theoretical framework, where a reader learns about the basic terms and approaches of nonverbal communication. Afterwards, the historical development of Unicode is described, which strongly changed the emoticon itself. In a practical part gained knowledge is exercised in interpretation research. Survey is described in more detail and complemented by the current opinions of the experts, who demonstrate its intermediality. The character is introduced generally according to forms of its usage and specifically in the context of social media as mean of communication. The main contribution of this work is clarification of historical development of current emoticons and highlighting their huge range of interpretation possibilities.
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Description and its subject: through the eyes of the observer
Fedrová, Stanislava
The category of beholder as key mediator of the surrounding world (or its image) in an artwork results from confrontation of verbal and visual descriptivity. The paper focuses on the role of beholder and the influence of processes of her perception on the descriptive structure. It seems inevitable to inquire into the ways and devices of transforming the perspective of a character into narratorial discourse or into that of an implied beholder. Concurrently, it is necessary to differentiate between the mode of beholder where emphasize is on perception, and the mode of interpreter, i. e. such apprehension of the world, which employs e. g. pictorial models and cultural/visual concepts intently in order to induce evocation or visualization in readers. The paper examines the assumed “objectivity” or noninterpretative character of description by displaying a variety of observer’s perspectives in description and also in ekphrasis as a specific type of description.
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Description and its subject: through the eyes of the observer
Fedrová, Stanislava
The category of beholder as key mediator of the surrounding world (or its image) in an artwork results from confrontation of verbal and visual descriptivity. The paper focuses on the role of beholder and the influence of processes of her perception on the descriptive structure. It seems inevitable to inquire into the ways and devices of transforming the perspective of a character into narratorial discourse or into that of an implied beholder. Concurrently, it is necessary to differentiate between the mode of beholder where emphasize is on perception, and the mode of interpreter, i. e. such apprehension of the world, which employs e. g. pictorial models and cultural/visual concepts intently in order to induce evocation or visualization in readers. The paper examines the assumed “objectivity” or noninterpretative character of description by displaying a variety of observer’s perspectives in description and also in ekphrasis as a specific type of description.
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Experientiality: does it divide or link description and narration?
Jedličková, Alice
The paper revisits the – in the scholarly discourse for various reasons time and again rejected – differentiation between description and narration arguing in its favour, hoping to illuminate its usefulness in the analyses of both literary narratives and those produced by other media, as well as to pave the way for papers focusing on ekphrasis and its aspects such as temporality, perspectivization and intermedia functions.
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Experientiality: does it divide or link description and narration?
Jedličková, Alice
The paper revisits the – in the scholarly discourse for various reasons time and again rejected – differentiation between description and narration arguing in its favour, hoping to illuminate its usefulness in the analyses of both literary narratives and those produced by other media, as well as to pave the way for papers focusing on ekphrasis and its aspects such as temporality, perspectivization and intermedia functions.
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Ekphrasis as a Mode of Representation
FEDROVÁ, Stanislava
The submitted thesis focuses on the use of the traditional ancient genre of ekphrasis (a specific form of description of a work of visual artefact) in modern literature. Individual interpretative perspectives are demonstrated using selected works of Czech poetry and prose from the 19th, 20th and 21th centuries (by Jaroslav Vrchlický, Julius Zeyer, Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic, Alois Jirásek, Jaroslav Durych, Jaroslav Maria, František Langer, Bohumil Hrabal and Miloš Urban). The metodological focus primarily anchors the thesis in the theory of intermediality (Werner Wolf, Irina Rajewsky); concepts from art theory and visual studies are also applied (e.g. Norman Bryson?s distinction ?the gaze? ? ?the glance?). The thesis first outlines the context of the history of ekphrasis as a rhetorical category and as a genre, the existing research on ekphrasis, and the problems of defining ekphrasis as verbal representation of a visual representation. It considers the distinction between actual and notional ekphrasis (John Hollander) from the point of view of the literary theory, and also employs the category of the pictorial model (Tamar Yacobi). The next chapter examines the role of the beholder in ekphrasis, first from the point of view of his position in the fictional world (e.g. the observer is a character in a fictional world and at the same time projects himself into the ?fictional world? of the visual representation), and second in distinguishing the mode of description and the mode of interpretation. The thesis also defines some specific ekphrastic techniques and gestures, for example: How can the act of perceiving and observing a visual representation be realized in the structure of its verbal representation? How does a static description become dynamic through direct integration of ekphrasis into the structure of the narrative ? into the structure of a particular scene (microstructure of an action) or the plot as a whole (macrostructure of a story)? What are the roles and functions of ekphrastic passages in the framework of the text as a whole (ekphrasis need not be simply a pause in the narration which is easy to eliminate)? Finally, how can the verbal medium, using its own means, imitate or simulate the media-specific techniques of another type of art.
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