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Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood obesity
Ellingsen Chammas, Mari ; Schneidrová, Dagmar (advisor)
Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Its prevalence has tripled in many countries in the WHO European Region since the 1980s, and the numbers of those affected continue to rise at an alarming rate, particularly among children. Obesity is already responsible for 2-8% of health costs and 10-13% of deaths in different parts of the Region. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the current knowledge on the topic breastfeeding and the preventive effect of overweight and obesity. Firstly, I focus on the etiology of overweight and obesity. Then I define overweight and obesity, and how to assess these terms by Body Mass Index (BMI) for adults, and age-and-gender specific percentile charts for children. The paper presents further the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, and then in relation to infant feeding. The long-term benefits of being breastfed are discussed thereafter. The role of breastfeeding in protection against obesity is then presented. Thereafter, the many general health problems related to overweight and obesity, followed by the infant feeding and the health problems related to overweight and obesity is considered. The next topic is breastfeeding and infant growth and maternal diabetes. Finally we come to the chapters on current...
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Influence of children´s and youth´s clubs in South Bohemia on their health.
ČEJDÍKOVÁ, Martina
This work is a research into the overall values provided by free time clubs for children and youth. The purpose of this work is to compare the physical and spiritual health and welfare of those juveniles who are regularly involved in leisure clubs with those who have no free time activities. The results indicate that the influence of free time clubs enrich their members with good attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle. At the same time the work provides an assessment that these values are useful for the future. It includes a survey on the present attitudes to healthy lifestyle from ex-members of free time clubs. This detailed research focuses on the Zálesák organization in České Budějovice. The monitoring result in the attachment has a form of courses for students of Department of Health Education.
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Long-term functional consequences of early clonazepam exposure in immature rats
Šubrt, Martin ; Kubová, Hana (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
Benzodiazepines (BZs) are widely prescribed because of broad spectrum of therapeutic effects. Under specific conditions they can be used during the pregnancy and early postnatally in humans. However, clinical studies suggest their possible behavioral teratogenicity even though it is difficult to separate consequences of early BZs exposure from underlying pathologies in clinical practice. Therefore experimental studies can help us to determine risks of early BZs treatment for later development. Present study was designed to assess functional consequences of early exposure to clonazepam (CZP). Immature rats were exposed to therapeutically relevant doses of CZP (0.1 - 1 mg/kg/day). CZP was administered for five consecutive day starting at postnatal (P) day 7. Behavioral tests started 24 hours after the last CZP injection (i.e. at P12) and continued up to the age of 4 months. Battery of behavioral tests evaluating cognitive functions, motivation and emotionality was used in this study. Present data show that early CZP exposure does not affect memory and learning abilities, but it leads to the increase of locomotor activity, decreased motivation and impairment of long term habituation. None of these effects was clearly dose-dependent. Importantly, early CZP-exposure changed social behavior (social interactions...
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Research of Value Orientation in Students of Secondary School and High School, Purpose the Intervention Program.
JANDOVÁ, Romana
Thesis deals with the value orientation of students in secondary schools and secondary vocational schools. The aim is to map their value system and then based on the results of research to design an intervention program to promote internalization of values desired. The theoretical part includes a systematic search of the available literature values and their hierarchy, the age period of adolescence, the ways and possibilities of educating students given age period and the role of schools in shaping values and their internalization. The main method of the practical part of the work is own questionnaire assessing the value orientation of students in selected secondary schools and secondary vocational schools. On the basis of the results was designed educational intervention program. Results are shown for better clarity in written and graphical form. The program is described in detail. There are given a specific samples teaching unit on the topic for the development of desired values of the students. The program could become educational material for teachers of health education and other relatives.
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Motor performance and somatic characteristic adolescents at age of 17 and 19
PŘÍLEPKOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor thesis focuses on the appraisal of motor performance changes, chosen somatic features, body constitution and chosen functional tests of male and female adolescents at the age of 17 and 19. Motor performance has been evaluated on the basis of the results of motor tests: sit-ups with turning, forward bends and straightening-ups, long jumps without run-ups, staying in a forward bend and a shuttle run. It was found to shorten the length of jump in all test groups. The differences were evaluated as statistically highly significant. Next statistically highly significant decrease was found in forward and upright bending of 17 years old probands. It was considered the relationship between other motor tests and functional tests. Concerning the functional tests, the modified Ruffier functional test and dynamometric test have been carried out. Body height and body weight were assessed somatic features. It found to increase in body height in all tests groups. It was evaluated as statistically significant in comparison to some previous research. The body constitution was evaluated with the aid of these data: BMI, body fat percentage, active body mass and body water. The statistically significant increase in body fat was found with regard to all tests groups. Tested adolescents and their parents filled in questionnaires focusing on their relation to sport activities. All findings were put into the form of charts and diagrams, discussed and compared with the data processed by previous researches.
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Changes in following the Romani traditions and customs
KVASNIČKOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis deals with changes in following traditions and customs in the Romani lives and its aim is to map and describe these changes. In its first, theoretical part there is a description of important times in the history of the Romani living on the Czech land, in which the Romani were, often under the threat of loss of their freedom, and sometimes even life, forced to change their lifestyle and adapt themselves to the majority society. The influence of the society was the reason why the Romani stopped following some of their traditions and customs and did not pass them on to the younger generations of the Romani; that is why, with time, many traditions and customs became forgotten. The second, practical part contains interviews with concrete Romani, their assessment and discussion, in which there is a comparison of the information I got with the data gathered by the authors quoted. After assessment of the interviews it is evident that the older Romani and the Romani born before the 1980 are well aware of their traditions and customs and follow some of the traditions in their families. The younger generation, however, are not interested in the traditional life of their ancestors, they do not follow the traditions and customs by themselves; they have adapted their lifestyles and systems of values to the majority society; they often do not consider themselves to be Romani.
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Leisure time of youth
PAZDEROVÁ, Simona
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify how students spend their leisure time during their studies in secondary schools and at universities. The theoretical part of this study offers the main characteristics of free time, whilst mapping it in historical context, explaining the term "leisure time", describing its forms and functions and offering current views and conceptions of free time. It focuses on the institution of the family and its function in a child's life as well as on the relationship between adolescents and their parents. This part of the work also characterizes establishments engaged in leisure activities and their impact. In the research part, the thesis defines the goal of the research, formulates hypotheses and characterizes the research sample. It specifies methods of data collection and the ways in which the obtained data were processed and analysed, as well as the results and a discussion to the research. The thesis ends with an overall assessment of the research results, followed by a conclusion.
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The motor performance of children aged between 13 and 15 years
DĚKANOVÁ, Jolana
The aim of the thesis was to determine the four selected body measurements (body height , body weight , chest circumference , waist circumference) , measuring 3 functional tests (spirometry, dynamometry, Ruffini test) and an assessment of the level of motor skills for boys and girls aged between 13 and 15 years who fall into the general population of predolescence and adolescence school age . Using standard methods somatometric were selected 34 boys aged 13, 34 boys aged 15, 34 girls aged 13 and girls aged 34 to 15 years. The selected parameters were monitored: body length, weight, chest circumference and waist. The research findings also motoric performance of boys and girls aged between 13 and 15 years. Motor performance was tested by 14 motor tests. All this research was conducted at elementary and secondary schools in the South Bohemia Data were recorded in a previously prepared data sheets and were then statistically analyzed and processed in tables and graphs. All obtained data were compared with the results of earlier studies and may serve as reference materials for other researches. Furthermore, function tests were included in the results of the selected in this thesis (spirometry, dynamometry and Ruffini test). These functional tests are aimed primarily at first assessment of fitness of the respiratory and circulatory system in this age group.
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The Young and Their Lifestyle. Questionnaire Survey among High School Students.
Wesselská, Věra ; Kotlářová, Jana (referee) ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor)
The aim of the submitted diploma thesis was to assess the attitudes of the secondary school students to the use of medicaments and the abuse of legal and illegal drugs and, at the same time, to assess a possible connexion with the psychical problems occurring in Opava region. The study forms a part of an international project monitoring young people's lifestyle in Europe. It was performed with the help of anonymous questionnaires, which were taken over from the Italian university degli Studi Camerino. In total 135 students of the third and fourth years of the grammar schools in Vítkov and Opava participated in this study during the school year 2006/2007. Out of them, there were 70.4 % of girls and 29.6 % of boys. Their average age was 17.6 years. Students consider the recreation use of illegal drugs the most dangerous way of behaviour, whereas the smoking and the drinking of alcohol were considered the least dangerous activities. In total 91.1 % of students used some medicaments during the last year, mostly analgesics and medicaments against infection. Almost 15 % select medicaments on their own. Most of pupils (88 %) believes that the use of medicaments may be beneficial on one hand, but that it can become also harmful. About 20 % of respondents used alcohol in combination with some medicaments,...
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Alcohol consumption and prevention of dependence in CR and France
Jandová, Petra ; Křížová, Eva (advisor)
Despite its social tolerance alcohol remains the drug of all consequences of harmful drinking . In developed European countries is cause 8-10 % of disease and injury. It brings the costs associated with health care and health insurance. Harmful effects of alcohol tend to pronounced in disadvantaged social groups , and therefore contribute to inequalities in health. However, direct injury to constitute a share any negative consequences. Alcohol consumption has a negative impact on economic development and society as a whole. For these reasons, the fight against harmful and hazardous consumption as a priority in public health programs many Member States and the EU as a whole. Czech Republic and France represent two completely different sociocultural environment. Residents have different eating habits, different lifestyles and different degree of tolerance to consume alcoholic beverages. They differ in the extent of individual consequences of harmful use and, therefore, procedures and objectives alcohol policy. Based on the statistical data on consumption , consequences and prevention measures can assess the gravity of the situation in both countries and compare problems of excessive consumption of health and socio-economic viewpoint. In this thesis , I used the large Czech and world database especially...
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