|
|
Metabolic specifics of women with a positive history of gestational diabetes
Jarošová, Adéla ; Vejražková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism arising for the first time in pregnancy and spontaneously receding after birth. The issue of GDM is very topical since, according to the latest update of diagnostic criteria, up to 17% of pregnant women is threatened by this disorder. The incidence of GDM correlates with the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is proved that women who have had gestational diabetes have an enormously increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2T). The risk accosiated with a gestational diabetes pregnancy stretches beyond the host, and can affect the fetus both directly (e. g. macrosomia development), and epigenetically (increases susceptibility to obesity, DM2T development or cardiovascular disease). Significant influence on the development of GDM (or DM2T) is a body composition that is directly related to lifestyle (nutritional intake and physical activity) and genetic role i salso involved. Early intervention may help delay the risk of developing DM2T and other metabolic complications. In this diploma thesis we monitored metabolic profiles of glucose and lipids and body composition based on anthropometric examination and questionnaires of nutritional income and physical activity. For the complex...
|
|
|
Diet by gestational diabetes mellitus
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Šoupal, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes mellitus, mainly delicated to risk factors and dietary restriction before and during pregnancy. The aim of this work is to identify potential risk factors that could affect the eventual progression of gestational diabetes. Most of my hypotheses are specifically related to this objective. The partial aim is a level of women's awareness about this disease. My work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is a collection and summarization of the available current information about gestational diabetes. GDM is a disorder of carbohydrate tolerance, which is diagnosed in pregnancy by a screening examination (usually at 24 - 28 weeks), and it disappears in postnatal period. There are many severe risks for the woman and the fetus during the pregnancy and after childbirth. There is also a high risk of emergence of type 2 diabetes in the future. Primary treatment is an adjustment food and life style. Diet system is regulated in amount of carbohydrate intake and distribution into multiple smaller doses. If this is not sufficient, the onset of insulin therapy is necessery. The practical part is focused on comparison, usage a retrospective analysis of medical history data based on of a questionnaire surfy. There was two groups of...
|
|
| |
|
|
Nutrition of women with pregnant diabetes and pregnant diabetics of the 1st type - recommendation and reality
ŠTYBNEROVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with nutrition of women suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant type 1 diabetics. The theoretical part focuses on the description of diabetes in general, directly on gestational diabetes mellitus and the number of risks that threaten mother, fetus and newborn. This is followed by a separate chapter dedicated to the nutrition of these women. The research was attended by 5 gestational diabetics and 5 type 1 diabetics. The aim was to map the eating habits of gestational diabetics and pregnant type 1 diabetics. From the evaluated meal plans, the respondents prefer to eat. The energy intake corresponds to their needs. The amount of carbohydrates is lower, but the lower the standards are set, on the contrary, the fat intake is higher than the prescribed standard. Nevertheless, proportional representation is consistent with the recommendations of the Czech Diabetes Society. The average amount of fiber received was around 20 g per day, although the recommended daily dose is 30 g. The questionnaire evaluations show that respondents are informed about appropriete eating habis and are aware of the risks that they impose on themselves and their children if they do not follow dietary recommendations and diet. Therefore, they try to eat rationally and follow nutritional recommendations so as not to endanger their health or the health of their children. Theya lead acitive livestyles, most of them go for walks every day, some also go swimming or deal with pregnancy yoga.
|
|
|
Midwifery care about a woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus
KADLECOVÁ, Kristýna
Midwifery care about a woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus Abstract The bachelor thesis is focused on the midwife's care of a woman with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. In the theoretical part, there several issues are described, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis and treatment, birth, puerperium, newborn, role of midwife, education, communication and related gestational diabetes mellitus. The survey was conducted with women in their home environment during March 2017. A qualitative method was used to carry out the research part. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Semi-structured interviews were carried out on prior agreement and with the consent of women. The interview contained 8 open questions, which were supplemented, if necessary, with other questions. Data analysis was done by the hand-coded method, or pen and paper method. Answers of individual respondents were identified by codes that were then categorized under each subcategory. One goal was set for this bachelor thesis. The objective was to find out what opinions women have on the possible necessary lifestyle changes in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus. Based on this aim, three research questions have been identified. The first one was focused on how the woman perceived the diagnosis. The second question tried to find out the changes in the lifestyle of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. And the third one was how the woman was educated by a midwife about the lifestyle change. The research revealed that all respondents, after being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, changed their existing lifestyle. All respondents carefully followed the treatment diet throughout the pregnancy until the end of the puerperium. Of these, two respondents included physical activity in their treatment as a quick walk. A research survey also showed that the midwife gave women limited information about GDM and lifestyle changes. Respondents were totally educated about a lifestyle change at the diabetes clinic, but they did not consider the midwife in the area as a educator. As a result, midwives tend to rely on the education of women from the diabetes clinic, and they only complete women's knowledge. The results of this research can serve ast the information material for midwives who want to improve their care of a woman during pregnancy or who are currently preparing for this profession.
|
|
|
Extracellular microRNAs and their role in pathologies especially in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.
Štěrbová, Monika ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Balušíková, Kamila (referee)
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a relatively newly discovered group of RNA molecules and they serve to regulate gene expression. In spite of processes of differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, miRNAs influence the whole biological systems, such as embryogenesis, oncogenesis, and immunity. There have been a number of experiments in recent years concerning diagnoses and predictions of complications during pregnancy, and tumour growth. Extracellular miRNA molecules participating in circulation of patients are used in the non-invasive diagnostics. RNA molecules usually get into the extracellular fluid during the apoptosis process. I chose four diseases, which extracellular miRNA have diagnostic potential - preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus and breast cancer - for my work. An aberrant expression of different levels of various extracellular miRNAs has been reported in these diseases but the clinical use of microRNAs in the diagnosis and prediction of those still requires further research and optimization. Keywords: breast cancer, extracellular nucleic acids, fetal growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, microRNA, PCR, preeclampsia
|
|
|
Screening of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy by oral glucose tolerance test.
HAUSEROVÁ, Ivana
The theme of bachelors thesis is screening of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy by laboratory examination of oral glucose tolerance test. The introductory part is devoted to the history, the definition of diabetes, causes of disease, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and even the importance of this test for pregnant women. Currently, testing is performed on all pregnant women at 24th 28th week of pregnancy. The exception are women who are found in at least two risk factors in history: family history of diabetes, fetal birth weight greater than 4000 g, obesity, diabetes mellitus in previous pregnancies, the presence of sugar in the urine (glycosuria), previous stillbirth, hypertension or preeclampsia in previous pregnancies, recurrent miscarriages. Those women are considered as high risk and oral glucose tolerance test is done as soon as possible in the first trimester. The practical part is focused on the implementation of oral glucose tolerance test and includes pre-analytical, analytical and postanalytical stage. Here I am trying to identify possible mistakes in the laboratory setting in all its phases. This section includes the results of measurements between 26 January 2011 and 24 April 2011 in a clinical laboratory Tabor There were 108 examined women. In this measurement I found out the number of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and compared it with the available literature. The measurement of blood glucose was carried out on biochemical ADVIA 1800 Chemistry Systems from Siemens. The principle of the method is Trinders reactions with glucose oxidase. Glucose is determined after enzymatic oxidation in the presence of glucose oxidase. The generated hydrogen peroxide reacts with peroxidase catalyzed the phenol and 4-aminophenazone, and thereby forming a reddish-purple as an indicator dye, whose concentration is determined photometrically. Wavelength measurements 505/694nm. The intensity of the resulting compound is directly proportional to glucose concentration. To answer the research question, what is the relationship between the number of risk factos and the number of captured women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the selected file, I used printed questionnaire, where I examined the representation of individual risk factors. These important faeks I had put to clearly chart. The questionnaire filled my clients during the time that they spent in the examination of oGTT in the waiting room KLT.
|
|
|
Neds of women with gestational diabetes mellitus
MALÁTOVÁ, Gabriela
The thesis is focused on the needs of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The survey was carried out in the hospital, in Ceske Budejovice, in the department of risk pregnancies and in the gynecological surgery of Dr. Výborné in Ceske Budejovice. The research method was qualitative. It was conducted in the form of interviews with women who attended the department of risk pregnancies and who have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and also in the gynecological surgery.The information was then processed into short case studies. The thesis had three goals. The first objective was to determine what are the needs of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The second objective was to determine how women, who have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes, follow and comply with the prescribed diets. The third objective was to determine what information is known to the women who have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Based on these findings, 3 research questions have been specified. The first research question was concerned with the needs of pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The second research question was concerned with the appropriate food for women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The third research question was concerned with the awareness of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. One of the objectives was to find out what are the needs of women with Gestational Diabetes. All three women responded that there was a great need for good nutrition. The need for sleep, was for all the women about the same, they sleep up to 8-9 hours per day. The need for movement is very important for Mrs. Jane, Mrs. Petra avoids extensive physical excercise due to an adverse gynecological finding and Mrs. Ivana prefers family walks in the nature. Another objective was to find out how Mrs. Jana, Mrs. Petra and Mrs. Ivana follow and keep to the dietary regime. Answer to the question of how they have changed their eating habits, Mrs. Petra said , that she has had a problem with limiting sugars, but after a few days she got used to it and she drinks mostly water and unsweetened tea. Mrs. Jana had no problem with it, she has small children and she cooks light meals for them and she eats with them. She didn't have to alter her eating habits too much, she only left out some types of fruits. Mrs. Ivana had no problem in changing the diet, as even before she was diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes, she ate lots of vegetables and poultry meat and very rarely ate sweet things.The third objective, which was to determine how informed are the women with regards to the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, has been fulfilled. When asked, what and when do they receive most most information, all three women agreed. In the first instance Mrs. Jana received the information from her doctor in the surgery and after that from the midwife. Mrs. Petra was first given information by the doctor in gynecological surgery and at the same time by the midwife and immediately after that she had been transferred to the Diabetologist, where she went for a monthly check up. The Diabetologists gave Mrs. Petra information about the appropriate food and distribution of the food during the day. Mrs. Ivana got her first information and practical advice from her doctor in the gynecological surgery, then she was transferred to the care of the Diabetologist, where she was given, appart from the information, also leaflets about suitable food composition and appropriate diet during her treatment of diabetes.
|
|
|
Diagnostics of diabetes mellitus in adults including pregnant
ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Eva
Diabetes mellitus is worldwide spread chronical disease which affects both sexes and all age groups. If the disease is not treated it can cause hard damage to various systems or even kill. The thesis is divided into two parts. The objective of the first, theoretical part, was to bring closer the problems of diabetes mellitus, its classification and complications. Simultaneously, the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics of the disease were described. The objective of the second, empirical part was to assess if glycohemoglobin was a suitable compensation of oral glucose tolerance test as a marker of impaired glucose tolerance. For the thesis the data of 94 patients investigated at the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s. (Hospital České Budějovice Inc.) were used. The patients were divided into two groups: the group called ``Pregnant{\crqq} (51 pregnant women) and the group called ``Others`` (43 people). In both groups oral glucose tolerance test was carried out and glycohemoglobin was determined. The level of glucose in blood was determined by a fotometric enzymatic method at the analyzer ADVIA 1650 Chemistry system, glycohemoglobin was determined by effective liquid chromatography at the analyzer TOSOH A1c 2.2 (HLC 723 Ghb V, G5). The group of pregnant cannot be reliably evaluated because only one woman was diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus according to oral glucose tolerance test. In the group of Others impaired glucose tolerance according to oral glucose tolerance test was proved in 14 individuals, 5 of them had increased glycohemoglobin and 9 individuals had glycohemoglobin in referential range. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity a effectiveness at cut off 4,0 % was counted for glycohemoglobin. Sensitivity was 36 %, specificity 96 % and effectiveness 73 %. The results show that the use of oral glucose tolerance test as a marker of impaired glucose tolerance is still more suitable than the use of glycohemoglobin which does not have sufficient sensitivity for the diagnosis of the disease.
|
|
|
Education of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
NEČINOVÁ, Jaroslava
The first theoretical part of the paper deals with the various aspects of gestational diabetes mellitus as seen by sociology and medicine. The other theoretical part contains the specifications of education and educational process for pregnant women in the individual phases of pregnancy, during childbirth and after it. The empirical part of the paper, based on quantitative research and anonymous questionnaire survey, checks, as compared to given hypotheses, the quality of knowledge and the form of current education of the responding women in relation to the disease, it provides information about the women{\crq}s age structure, lifestyle and the standard to gestational diabetes compensation.
|
guest ::
