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Juvenile offenders´motivation for crime
KOTNOVÁ, Andrea
My thesis deals with juvenile offenders´ motivation for crime. In the theoretical part the basic terminology relating to this issued and considered essential for the issue description is introduced. Futhermore, the criminal activity of juveniles is characterized and the current state of the issue is described. The criminogenous factors leading to criminal activity are defined. These are divided into endogenous and exogenous. The final part of the theoretical part deals with motivation for criminal activity. The main goal/topic of my thesis was to illustrate motivation of juvenile offenders for criminal activity. To a thorough understanding and determination of the issue, sub-objectives were set {--} to identify endogenous causes of crime commiting by juvenile offenders, and comparison of individual offenders and evaluation of their readiness to commit crime. The research questions corresponded with the goals stated. The research was conducted by a qualitative method. The respondents were received through a purpose selection by the PMS institution. To obtain the data, the moderated semi-structured interview technique was chosen. The interviews were recorded using a dictaphone to make the most accurate analysis, and then retyped to a verbatim transcript. To analyze the data the anchored theory method was applied. Coding is based on the principles of the theory. I have used open coding. There were ten juvenile crime offenders who took part in this research as respondents. The research has shown the existence of a few problematic areas that provide grounds for criminal activities. As the fundamental areas have proved to be an inadequate family background and inappropriately spent free time in connection with members of a gang. The research outcomes revealed that the main (dominant) motif was fun and entertainment. Secondary (not frequent) motif was financial profit. The research results have also shown that these offenders tend to commit crime under the influence of alcohol and friends. I believe that my work has revealed new evidence surprising for many people. And that is that criminal activity of juveniles has been declining, being rather a marginal phenomenon (juvenile crime makes up only 2% of the total crime rate), and brutality and severity of offences commited by juveniles does not reach such a gravity as it is presented by the media. I would like to recommend the results of the thesis to be used as a basis for a preventive action in the field of juvenile delinquency. Due to the findings, more efficient and effective preventive programs could be set up to eliminate this socio-pathological phenomenon so that a favourable social climate could be established.
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Study of the mammalian oncogenic transcription factors in the yeast model
Novák, Josef ; Šťovíček, Vratislav (referee) ; Zámostná, Blanka (advisor)
Yeast serves as a useful tool for studying cellular processes and therefore a large amount of techniques and protocols has been developed. There are special methods for studying the transcriptional factors in yeast, such as modified yeast two-hybrid screens, yeast one-hybrid screens and systems studying ability of transcription factors to transactivate a reporter gene. Oncogenes from AP-1 complex, Myc and Myb protein families are described in this work. Using a yeast model the structural-functional properties of proteins can be easily studied and in some cases even their ability of oncogenic transformation can be predicted (FASAY or ability of c-Myc to transactivate a reporter gene). However, results from yeast models must be confirmed in mammalian cells. 1
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Elicitins impact on the proteome of tobacco
Dokládal, Ladislav
Title in English: Elicitins impact on the proteome of tobacco Abstract in English: Cryptogein is a proteinaceous elicitor secreted by an oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that can induce resistance to P. parasitica in tobacco plants. On the basis of previous computer modeling, a series of cryptogein mutants was prepared with altered abilities to bind sterols, phospholipids or both. The sterol binding and phospholipid transfer activities corresponded to expectations based on the structural data reported previously. Induction of synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tobacco cells suspension and proteomic analysis of intercellular fluid changes in tobacco leaves triggered by these mutant elicitins were not proportional to their ability to bind or transfer sterols and phospholipids. However, changes in the intercellular proteome corresponded to transcription levels of defense genes and resistance to P. parasitica and structure-prediction of mutants did not reveal any significant changes in protein structure. These results suggest, contrary to previous proposals, that the sterol-binding ability of cryptogein and its mutants, and the associated conformational change in the -loop, might not be principal factors in either ROS production or resistance induction. Nevertheless results support importance of...
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Functional analysis of invertebrate (Branchiostoma floridae) promoters in heterologous systems
Gurská, Daniela ; Kozmik, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
Understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and the constraints that operate in gene promoter sequences is the key step in understanding the evolutionary conservation of transcriptional regulation. It is well known that regulatory regions with the same expression outputs do not have to share the sequence similarity. The most important elements in regulatory sequences are transcription factor binding sites and their position relocation does not usually influence the expression output. The least complex transcriptional regulation is characteristic for housekeeping genes. For their expression they require only basal core promoter elements (sometimes only CpG islands are sufficient) and general transcription factors, so they can be transcribed easily and immediately whenever they are needed. In this study we focused on transcriptional regulation of invertebrate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) housekeeping genes in vertebrate systems. We prepared a set of constructs with amphioxus regulatory regions for testing their activity in different mammalian cell lines and a set of constructs with the same amphioxus regulatory regions for observing their spatial recognition in developing medaka fish embryo. We found that half of investigated amphioxus regulatory regions are recognized by...
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The newest data from the research literature about estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterus cancer
Ježková, Alena ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Doležel, Martin (referee)
We take up previous thesis of place of supervizor workplace, which are targeted on ER, PR expresion in uterus carcinomas and their potencional practical exploitation by this thesis. We have limited this broad issue for only endometrial carcinomas, because the cervix ones are tackled in a thesis of Lenka Nespěchalová. We have searched out information from abroad and Czech literatures to upgrade previous review thesis of the supervizor workplace. Unfortunately the Czech literature doesn't dispose of so much clinical studies as foreign ones. We have observed tendency of Czech work places to publish the studies on the strength of foreign experiences. We have take up especially Marešková B. thesis, 2008 by this our one. We have brought out the same data of our issue as Marešková. It's important not only to established total levels of steroid receptors, but as well as rates of individual isoforms PRA/PRB and ERα/ERβ. Generally, progesterons are noted for their protective antiproliferative effect in endometrium, in detail the transcriptional repression is mediated by PRA isoform. On the contrary, PRB isoform activates the transcription of ERα, which causes the increased proliferation. Exactly PRB is supposed to be significant factor for progestin treatment. On the contrary, ERβ disposes antiproliferative...
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DNA-binding properties of the CSL proteins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Ptáčková, Martina ; Půta, František (advisor) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee)
As the effector component of the Notch signaling pathway the transcription factors of the CSL family (CBF1/RBP-Jκ/Suppressor of Hairless/Lag-1) are essential for many developmental processes in metazoan organisms, but they can function also independently of Notch. Recently, their presence was proved in fungal organisms lacking the Notch pathway as well as most of the known metazoan interacting partners. Cbf11 and Cbf12, the CSL proteins of the unicellular yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, were determined experimentally as non-essential nuclear transcription factors, which regulate cell adhesion, extracellular material production, colony morphology, septation and daughter cell separation, coordination of nuclear and cell division, and ploidy maintenance in an antagonistic way. The responsive genes of these factors are not known yet. In this study, genes of S. pombe, whose promoter regions represent potential direct targets for the Cbf proteins binding, were predicted. The binding of the Cbf11 and Cbf12 proteins, and of a truncated version Cbf12∆N to CSL response elements contained in the regulatory regions of selected S. pombe genes was tested in vitro by EMSA, and consequently, in the case of the Cbf11 protein, also in vivo by ChIP. Cbf11 and Cbf12∆N recognize specifically the response elements in...
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Transcriptional regulation of miR-17-92 microRNA cluster during macrophage differentiation.
Rybářová, Jana ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pospíšek, Martin (referee)
miR-17-92 cluster (Oncomir1) encodes seven microRNAs (miRNA, miR) regulating many biological processes including proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Overexpression of microRNAs encoded by miR-17-92 cluster is found in a number of tumors including acute and chronic myeloid leukemias (Dixon-McIver et al., 2008; Li et al., 2008; Venturini et al., 2007). Myeloid progenitors express miR-17-92 cluster at a high level, while macrophage differentiation associates with its downregulation. Our laboratory found, that miR-17-92 cluster is repressed by transcription factor Early growth response 2 (Egr2) upon differentiation of primary myeloid PUER progenitors, induced with transcription factor PU.1. Aim of this thesis is to further test the abovementioned data by preparing a reporter vectors set, carrying various fragments of miR-17-92 putative promoter, which enables us to study regulation of transcription of miR-17-92 cluster. This task complicated by presence of increased GC content of the miR-17-92 promoter was successfully accomplished resulting in amplification of eight fragments containing the various parts of miR-17-92 promoter including region -3.3 to 0 kb relative to the start of miR-17-5p sequence, that were inserted into pGL3 reporter vector. Transfection of pGL3 reporter vector carrying...
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Prognosis and diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia
Jiráková Trnková, Zuzana ; Jíra, Milan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee)
The main aim of the dissertation was in patients with acute myeloid leukemia to investigate the impact of favorable prognostic chromosomal aberrations and increased expression of a family of multiple drug resistance genes to achieve a complete remission and overall survival, and identify the potential prognostic factors. Experiments were focused on the introduction of routine diagnostics of two prognostically favorable fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 and multiple drug resistance gene MDR1. This testing was performed by reverse transcription, PCR and subsequent electrophoretic analysis of its products.
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Mantle cell lymphoma, gene expression in the disease pathogenesis
Břízová, Helena
At the molecular level mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by a specific translocation t(11;14) leading to a transcriptional activation of the cyclin D1 gene. Cyclin D1 is a key regulator of the cell cycle and thus its overexpression leads to a proliferation advantage of the cells, which is important in the MCL pathogenesis. Moreover, proliferation activity is an important and the first biological prognostic factor for the MCL prognosis prediction. We developed an optimal approach to analyze quantitatively the cyclin D1 expression level in lymphoma specimens using real-time PCR. We detected the cyclin D1 overexpression in 97% MCL specimens. The developed method supported the MCL differential diagnosis with a high reliability, including a differential diagnosis of extranodal lymphomas. Moreover, the cyclin D1 mRNA expression level measurement also provided an approach to study a key molecule in the MCL pathogenesis at the molecular level. We demonstrated a direct relation between t(11;14), a cyclin D1 mRNA overexpression and a pathologic cyclin D1 protein synthesis in the MCL cells. The cyclin D1 mRNA level also correlated with the mRNA level of proliferation markers implying a quantitative cell cycle regulation by a controlled cyclin D1 level, which controls the proliferation degree, and...
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Significant factors influencing the social rehabilitation of mentally ill
BAUERNÖPLOVÁ, Alexandra
Mental illness significantly influences all aspects of life. Mental health care goes beyond horizons of medicine and becomes the object of interest of society-wide importance. This thesis is devoted to people with a psychotic disorder. It is focused on their subjective view of themselves, human relations and perspectives of their lives. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis defines basic concepts and characteristics of psychotic disorders. Social problems of human life with psychotic illness, self-stigmatization question and the impact of the disease on family members is summarized in the next section. Following part is devoted to the status of the mentally ill in society, social issues connected with mental illness, their life perspective and communication problems which face mentally ill persons. End of theoretical part deals with the areas of complex psychiatric, psychosocial and community care, including psychiatric care reform, which is currently being very slowly implemented. The practical part includes qualitative research aims, research questions and methods of data collection. The research group consisted of people with psychotic illness. The data were obtained through interviews. The resulting audio data have been transferred by verbatim transcription into written form and processed by open coding. Subsequently, all data were analyzed and interpreted most complex and interrelated in story form.
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