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Radon in a lake – an estimation of ground water input.
Porcal, Petr
A balance study of radon activity in Lake Plešný and its tributaries was carried out in 2020 to refine the estimate of groundwater resources. The balance is based on quantification of sources, monitoring of the amount of water draining from the lake, and lead concentrations in the overlying sediments.
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Modeling hydrological response of the catchment to various precipitation events
ŠVANDA, Dominik
This thesis deals with the simulation of the hydrological response of a river basin to various precipitation events. The hydrological response was simulated in the Olešenský brook basin. The outflow of water from the landscape is influenced by many different factors at the same time. Among the most important factors are, for example, the slope of the terrain, land use, saturation of the soil profile withwater, anthropogenic influences, vegetation cover and last but not least the geological and soil conditions, the shape and area of the river basin, climatic conditions etc. explained and described in detail. Several methods are used to calculate the water runoff from the landscape, in which case the CN curve method was used to calculate the direct runoff from the landscape. By using the BPEJ map, land use and maximum daily precipitation totals with a probability of repeating N years (2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years) obtained from the rainfall station Týn nad Vltavou, calculations were performed first in a numerical (vector) way and then the maps of direct water runoff from the catchment area were created in a raster way performed in ArcMap software. In the next step, various scenarios were simulated that influenced the outflow of water from the catchment. The first scenario was a change in soil saturation with water, resp. water content in the soil (dry, medium and wet). It has been found that the outflow of water from the basin and the peak flow were both fundamentally changed. Second scenario was grassing of all arable land in the basin, where the actual state compared to the theoretical state. This change reduced the CN curve values, what in turn reduced the direct water runoff from the landscape. Third and the last scenario was the concept of 20 metres wide infiltration strips along roads, watercourses and water areas. The proposed measure reduced the runoff coefficient values by about 1 % compared to the runoff coefficients at the actual state. In this case, there was no fundamental change as the strips occupy only a small part of the total area. However, infiltration strips still have a positive effect on rainfall-runoff events in the landscape.
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Search and Comparison of Methods for Calculation of Reservoir Storage Yield Analysis
Michálková, Veronika ; Menšík, Pavel (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The ever-increasing threat of climate change is bringing the issue of water resources, both groundwater and surface water, to the fore. Hydrological extremes in the form of floods and droughts have always been there. However, their intensity has increased and they have a much greater scale and impact on life. On the one hand there is a need to retain and store water for further economic use, on the other to transform flood waves and try to prevent the devastating effects of floods. In view of these facts, the aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive overview of methods for calculating the size of reservoir storage volume, which is one of many tools for effective mitigation in the perspective of combating drought. The text includes methods from both foreign and Czech perspectives. Five methods were applied on the inflow of the Vír reservoir presented by a flow series. Two of the selected ones are sequent peak algorithm which uses sequential balance of inflow and outflow from the reservoir. They are used abroad. The other method is a direct solution to the size of the reservoir storage volume size, which was taken from the study materials at CTU Prague. Also from this area is the progressive balance method and finally the problem of type A.1 is calculated, which appears in the study materials of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Brno University of Technology. The practical application of the methods also provided a comparison of the results of the calculations and their differences.
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Water regime of reclaimed and nonreclaimed heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kuráž, Václav (referee)
Summary: Great Podkrusnohorska spoil heaps in the Sokolov region in Western Bohemia is the largest spoil heaps in the Czech Republic, which was pour million tonnes of overburden soil surface mining of brown coal. The thesis is setting on the basic characteristics of the water regime and water balance of spoil heap soil and thus follows a series of previous works dealing with the comparative development of the reclaimed and unreclaimed area. The areas are long-term monitoring of soil moisture using a dielectric soil moisture meter total water regime was monitored by subsurface with gravitation lyzimeter, runoff and throughfall rainfall. Older unreclaimed plots as well as reclaimed plots have higher porosity, water field capacity and moistre than young sites, however there are limited by water deficiency in similatr way as young sites due to increase in wilting point. Keywords: Spoil heaps, Recultivation, Soil humidity, Water supply, Water balance
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The influence of precipitation on shallow mineral water abstraction
Hlaváčová, Michaela ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Procházka, Vladimír (referee)
This study focuses on the influence of precipitation on shallow catchments of mineral springs in the special area of Františkovy Lázně. The thesis was made on the basis of the data provided by the company Spa Františkovy Lázně a.s.. The interdependent relations between yield springs, precipitations, atmospheric pressure and the content of free CO2 were studied. These relations were observed onto six springs - František, Luční, Nový, Solný, Železnatý and Žofie. The precipitations were compared with the yield of individual springs. The season was proved by three springs (František, Železnatý and Žofie). Retention of the precipitation was determined for springs František, Solný, Železnatý and Žofie. Considering more than half a year delay, we cannot claim that the precipitations should have a major influence on the dotation of mineral springs. The downtrend was founded for the free CO2 in all researched resources. Significant indirect relation was found using the correlation coefficient between atmospheric pressure and free CO2.
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Moldan, Bedřich (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Water footprint of crops for biofuel production
Straka, Štěpán ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Rozman, David (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to apply a research study for the assessment of often- overlooked effects of growing crops used for the production of biofuels, according to their so- called water footprint. In the theoretical part, the thesis focuses on the definition of the concept of the water footprint, its history and the gradual development of people understanding the impact. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the issue of definitions and determination of water scarcity. The theoretical part concludes with basic information about biofuels, their division and a presentation of the most commonly used biofuels. The following chapters summarize the current state of biofuel production in the world and familiarize the reader with the issues this production causes. The main part of the thesis is the synthesis and processing of data regarding the water footprint of selected crops grown as a source of biofuels, comparison of the values with climate zones and evaluation of the suitability of the production of these crops concerning water resources. Keywords: water footprint, biofuels, maize, canola, sugarcane, oil palm
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Methodology of baseflow assessment
Patzeltová, Lucie ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Vencelides, Zbyněk (referee)
This thesis provides an overview of methods used for determining the baseflow as one of the essential components of Water balance. Knowledge of the baseflow is important for determining the size of natural groundwater resources, as it gives valuable information on the possibilities of their exploitation. The thesis provides an overview of the historical development of the methodology in this field. Selected methods are compared based on the difficulty of their application, data input requirements and the quality of outputs. Several case studies dealing with the application of selected procedures are presented. Furthermore, the Kamenice river basin is presented as a pilot area. Based on its natural conditions and the form of available data inputs from the Hřensko measurement profile, a suitable method for calculating the baseflow is chosen and applied.
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Analysis of Water Consumption in Brno
Růžička, Jaroslav ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Tuhovčák, Ladislav (advisor)
Water consumption is the amount of water removed by the consumer from water disstribution network. During the transportation inside water disstribution network occur losses. Assesing these losses is one of the main responsibillities of the water supplier. We can show the amount of water lost by using several different methods. Values used to describe the amount of water lost can be often replaced by percentual ratio of water produced to water lossed.
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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