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Territoriality and social relationships in field mice of the genus Apodemus
Cholevová, Kristýna ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Vohralík, Vladimír (referee)
1 Territoriality is a phenomenon associated with resource use and social system in animals. This phenomenon reached the highest level in birds (Aves) and mammals (Mammalia). Wood mice (Apodemus) can be a good genus for research. Due to that they are abundant and well studied, they can be used for checking existing knowledge of territories, social relationships and reproductive strategies. Differences in ecology between species can help us investigate a lot of phenomena, including the phenomenon sometimes called monogamy-polygyny shift, using comparative studies.
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Relationships between functional traits, home range sizes, and dispersal abilities in birds
Holubová, Kateřina ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Avian movements through the landscape involving dispersal and routine movements within home-range or territory are one of the basic but due to a high mobility of birds also one of the least understood processes of bird ecology, especially on the interspecific level. Not only is dispersal a fundamental mechanism of species' spreading into new areas, but also, together with home-range size, it shows the scale on which species perceive the landscape and how they can deal with habitat changes. Dispersal ability, represented by dispersal distances, is determined by a few species specific traits like body size, migratory status, wing and bill morphology, diet type, preferred habitat type or some life-history traits. On the contrary, home-range size variability is determined primarily by energetic demands of the species, given by its body size and trophic level, and by the productivity of the environment. There is a positive relationship between home-range size or territory size, respectively, and dispersal distances of birds that can be attributed to species vagility or their spatial requirements determined especially by their food preference. Nevertheless, further research mainly on interspecific level is necessary for a deeper insight into this issue.
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Physical-geographical analysis of the distribution of lynx in the Bohemian Forest
Sladová, Michaela ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Natural landscape has been changed and forest habitats have been fragmented as a result of human activity. Consequently a decay of forest species has been registered and Eurasian lynx belongs to these threatened species. This wild beast had been exterminated in past in Czech Republic. The Czech and German parts of Šumava Mountains belong to the most forested areas in Europe and therefore they represent convenient areas for a steady occurrence of the mammals which need large areas for their existence. That is why the population of this wild beast was re-established through the use of 24 re-introducted specimen in Šumava Mountains during the 1980s. At present Šumava Mountains represent one of the main central areas of steady occurrence of eurasian lynx in Czech Republic. On the basis of radiotelemetric data coming from 10 individuals of Eurasian lynx (6 males and 4 females) the spatial requirements of this wild beast have been analysed by means of the three following methods: Minimum Convex Polygon, Kernel Home Range and Local Convex Hull. Also the impacts of human activities and relief character have been discussed together with the preference of the provincial cover. It has been found out that the spread of this wild beast is limited by the estate, the traffic infrastructure and fragmentation of...
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Effect of supplementary feeding on the spatial activity of red deer
Kilhofová, Blanka ; Bejček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
Military Training Area Hradiste occupies the entire central part of Doupov Mts. Restrictions on public access and unified huntsmen management of the large area
gave rise to a unique habitat of red deer. There is a series of studies conducted on game populations, including research of spacial activity of red deer using GPS telemetry. Telemetry data were used to evaluate the effect of the feeding device on the spatial activity of red deer. This impact was affected in the observational period by the mild winter, yet the effect on the spatial activity is apparent. Males are much more active during feeding period than females and their relation to feeding equipment is also higher than in females.
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Habitat preference of red deer and sika deer in the Doupov Mts.
Silovský, Václav ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on habitat preferences of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon). The objective of study was to determine, which types of landscape the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) prefer during the year. Study area is located in northwest Bohemia in Doupov mountains. Data were collected by GPS telemetry from 13 stags and 13 hinds of red deer, and 6 stags and 2 hinds of sika deer during the days between 19th September 2010 and 8th February 2015. From GPS telemetry we received a total of 176982 red deer pozitions and other 38932 sika deer pozitions. Analyzed home ranges have shown main preferences of male and female red deer to shrubbery and natural grasses. Males of sika had main preferences to shrubbery and mixed forest during the year. Sika females have preferred shrubbery and natural grasses. The bachelor thesis results provided very interesting information of red and sika deer ecology and could be used in future game management or when creating a new emerging legislation, especially in the area of minimum hunting grounds quantities.
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Microhabitat preference of male red deer in the Doupov Mts.
Hojer, Miloslav ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Mrkvičková Kořanová, Diana (referee)
This thesis deals with the matter of using research microhabitat preferences male red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) in Doupov mountains and compares its telemetry data with telemetric data male sika deer Japanese ( Cervus nippon nippon ) . Using GPS navigation has been searched for each of 267 points and examined for each of them measuring. The data were processed into electronic form and are evaluated by using charts and tables. From the data I figured what microhabitat environments in these two species of deer in the summer months most moving and what kind of habitat they prefer . Interesting is certainly the fact that even though their home ranges overlap do not have the same grazing habits.
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Spatial activity of wild boar in the Doupov Mts.
Šácha, Zdeněk ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate the spatial activity of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in the Doupov Mountains. The Doupov Mountains are unique landscape for research of free living wild animal adaptation on environmental changes and reaction on human pressure. There are military area, where the entrance for public is restricted. The area cover more than 35 000 ha and there are uniform system of forest, agriculture and hunting management. Therefore we can study easily the impact of hunting there.
Data were collected by GPS telemetry from 3 females and 1 males of wild boar. We used GPS telemetry for tracking wild boar during the December 2013 and December 2014. We analyzed the tracks of wild boar during the season, the size of home ranges, and the activity during 24 hour period. The results shown on significant nocturnal behavior by wild boar male during whole year, and by wild boar females during autumn, winter and beginning of spring. But the activity is changing after the birth of juvenile, when the females are active during the daytime. The bachelor thesis results provided very interesting information from wild boar ecology, but the study should be continue due to short time of GPS observation.
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