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The Impact of Unemployed Education on Their Applicability in the Labour Market
Gabrielová, Jitka ; Jirsáková, Jitka (advisor) ; Nataša, Nataša (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the impact of unemployed education on their applicability in the labour market. The theoretical section delimits the basic terms concerning unemployment and describes its development and state of present-day in the Czech Republic, especially focusing on the South Bohemian Region. Afterwards it summarizes possibilities of unemployment education a characterizes demands of labour market in the region in question. It informs as well about former projects for the unemployed in the South Bohemian Region funded by the European Social Fund.
The aim of this thesis is attained in the practical section through several case studies, where five stories of clients who participate on some project for the unemployed in the South Bohemia are described. For each of these clients there are personal and family analyses and the situation in the labour market before the beginning of project. Using an interview method, reasons contributing to taking part in the project, educational activities attended and skills acquired during it, and finally the impacts of this education on clients' applicability in the labour market and their personal development from the long-term view are discussed.
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Long-term monitoring of amphibian populations: methods and importance
Vargas Cáceres, Liz Mabel ; Vojar, Jiří (advisor) ; Kopecký, Oldřich (referee)
In the last decade, there has been particular concern about the apparent widespread decline of many amphibian populations. Aside anthropogenic stressors, there are large, natural fluctuations in amphibian populations that need to be established through long-term monitoring programs with sufficient spatial scale to preclude the misinterpretation of preliminary data cause y variations in natural factors. The true utility of multiple, long-term studies is an understanding of how geographic and species-specific differences affect population fluctuations. Despite the obvious importance of time series analyses in this process, they are still rare in amphibian ecology. The literary review of the main causes of amphibian population declines, dynamics of the amphibians, the meta-analysis of the available long-term publication reports of amphibian population trends available at this point in time, as well as the active involvement in field work, data-collection, and the preparation of a manuscript of 11-year monitoring of abundances of the agile frog (Rana dalmatina) are the main purposes of this bachelor thesis.
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Long-term changes in numbers of selected waterbirds in different types of wetlands
Šenkýřová, Adéla ; Musilová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vojar, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this study is an analysis of long-term changes in numbers of 28 selected waterbird species wintering at 4 different types of wetland refuge sites (reservoirs, fishponds, industrial waters and running waters) monitored within the International Waterbird Census between 1966 and 2015. We aimed to evaluate the pattern in water type preference and determine if there is a difference in number trends of particular species at different refuge sites types and if there are any variations according to the presumable existence of density dependance at wintering refuge sites.
Results showed an increasing preference in waterbirds wintering at industrial waters (sandpit and gravel lakes, industrial settling ponds) over running waters. Rather herbivorous, benthivorous and omnivorous species than pescivorous species prefer industrial waters, which is probably caused by a lower concentration of fish in industrial waters than in other water types. Waterbird species of lower count numbers and northern species showed a higher preference for wintering at reservoirs over running water sites. The preference change leads to the density dependence of wintering sites confirmation.
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Interspecific interactions in wetland communities in dependence on water regime: long-term test of stress-gradient hypothesis
Růžičková, Kateřina ; Douda, Jan (advisor) ; Alena, Alena (referee)
The Stress-gradient hypothesis predicates a change of interspecies relations from negative to positive according to the stress gradient. The basic assumption is that the presence of one species (the facilitator) makes the growth of other species easier. In this study was determined based on the 5years experiment, whether the interspecies interactions (i.e. the importance of facilitation and competition) changes according to the hydrological conditions. Three wetland species (Calamagrostis canescens, Carex elongata and Deschampsia cespitosa) were planted in experimental pots with the presence and absence of the dominant species (Carex elata). The hydrological gradient (= the stress gradient) was simulated by three types of hydrological conditions: dry, fluctuating and wet. The success of the species within the specific conditions was correlated with the fitness-related characteristics of the plants including the biomass, the number of ramets and the height of the plants. Following hypotheses were tested: i) at a low intensity of stress (with the wet treatment), the C. elata represents a competitor for other species. On the other hand, at a high intensity of stress (with the dry treatment), the C. elata represents a facilitator, making it easier to the other coexisting species to grow. This presumption was confirmed only with the D. cespitosa, which was more successful under dry treatment with the presence of a dominant species, which facilitated it. With the other two species the change of interspecific relations was not observed and the relationships remained negative. Furthermore the results showed, that in the dry treatment with the presence of a dominant species, there was a lower intensity of competition among the coexisting species. The experiment showed, that the interactions of particular species with dominant species can vary according to the stress gradient. The hydrological gradient also influences the character and intensity of interactions among the species.
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The 2008 crisis and the response of France in the European context
Giusiano, Grégoire ; Maitah, Mansoor (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to analyze what have been the impacts of the 2008 financial crisis in France and what were the direct reactions of the government to it. This analysis would be put in perspective by comparing it to the policies taken by various European neighbors. In the first part we analyze the cause of the crisis bubble-burst cycle and more precisely of the financial crisis. We conclude that a financial crisis comes from an accumulation of debt badly invest. We then study the example of the crisis of 1929 and the measure taken by the American government during the Great Depression through the New Deal. We explain that the measures not only planned on distributing money for the demand but set people to work and reformed the general economic environment. After studying the crisis of 2008 in the United State we see that even if the crisis began in the financial sector, its repercussion were felt on the entire economy. In the second part we analyze the main economic trends of France since World War Two. We will see that after thirty years of high growth and social development, the country was for thirty years on a downward trend of the economic development. We will study the case of unemployment, which is representative of the politic and economic system of France. We will realize that the different governments do not seem to be able to reform the country through sustainable measures that go beyond the impact of the announcement itself. We will then analyze the first effects of the crisis on the French economy to conclude that it resulted in the worsening of all the main macro-economic indexes, with the deepening of the debt and the development of a recession. We will then be able to compare those results to three major indexes of two other Europeans countries: the Czech Republic and Germany. We will see that those two countries, due to the importance of exportations on their national economies, and in the case of the Czech Republic, the importance of Germany, suffered more, in proportion, compared to France. In the third part we will study the measures taken by the French government in the aftermath of the crisis and the effects of those measures. We will see that if they plan to support the country through the help to the companies, the measure lack of long term planning. They are short terms measures that helped the country pass the worst of the crisis, but with long lasting effects on the country's debt. We will then compare them to the measures taken by the United Kingdom and Germany. Those two country are interesting to study since the British government made the choice of mainly directly supporting the consumption and Germany, with the largest European stimulus package was acting on all fronts. We will conclude that the main result for the two countries are the growing debt in percentage of GDP, but also that the long term effects are more taken into account in those two plans.
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Precipitation variability in Prague during long-term period
Schovánková, Tereza ; Kožnarová, Věra (advisor) ; Bachanová, Soňa (referee)
Atmospheric precipitation are one of the most important meteorological element that influences both the natural environment as well as a number of human activities especially agriculture, forestry and water management. Its oversupply causing floods has also a negative impacts on ponderables and loss of life. Therefore the knowledge of the spatial distribution of precipitation and their changes in time are of great importance in the reality.
Following bachelor thesis includes a literature recherche summarizing findings of the distribution, measurement and precipitation description using precipitation characteristics. There were used data of the meteorological station Prague Karlov in the experimental part of the bachelor thesis. The attitude of the station is 260,5 m over the sea, geographic coordinates are 50 04 N and 14 25 W. The database was created using the Czech Hydrometeorological institute measurements published in the journal: Monthly review of measurement and observation of Prague Karlov observatory within the period of 1961 up to the 2010. There were used three basic precipitation characteristics to create the analysis. The characteristics are: number of days with precipitation is greater or equal to 0,1 mm,
1,0 mm and 10,0 mm. There was used a standard climatological normal as a referential characteristic which was calculated of the period 1961 up to the 1990 and supplemented by descriptive statistics parameters as everage, minimum, maximum, median, modus, standard deviation and amplitude. The results are presented in graphs and charts.
In the general evaluation of analysed period can be stated that at Prague Karlov observatory there is a trend of reduction of days with precipitation is greater or equal to 0,1 mm or 0,1 mm moreover during the whole year except the spring months when the number of days with precipitation increases. The most significant changes are in number of days with precipitation is greater or equal to 0,1 mm in January, March, July and December as well as July, September and November for precipitation is greater or equal to 1,0 mm.
It was confirmed that we are experiencing precipitation time dividing changes.
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Properties of selected varieties of tall fescue and their utilization for Lawns
Zachař, Jakub ; Svobodová, Miluše (advisor) ; Klára, Klára (referee)
Grass and its cultivation is being explored in breeding and maintenance for many years. The theme of this thesis is the evaluation of fifteen varieties Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), which is a hardy robust species with short underground projections, curled leaf composition, wide, very rigid, reverse side rough and shiny on the cheek and fluted leaves. It tillers extravaginal and creates a dense turf. Its great advantage is the strong root system and certain symbiosis (mutualism) with a fungus of the genus Endophyte Neotyphodium, making it resistant to a variety of stresses. The aim is to detect differences intervarietal Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Which the Czech Republic is not yet used in the monitored indicators (coverage, color, texture, height stand in a certain time interval, the overall impression). In the future, we can expect increased demand for socalled. low input lawn, because of their tolerance to drought, high and low temperatures and diseases, and especially due to the low need for inputs.
The next chapter describes the properties of each of the individual varieties of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb . ) , which are: Barcesar , Barfelix , Barlexas , Barleroy , Cochise , Debussy , Fine Lawn, Galatea , Kontiki , Olympic Gold , Rembrandt , Regiment , Starlett , Palladium and Zuzana.
An attempt was founded in late August of 2012 a demonstration and experimental plot in the immediate vicinity of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague Suchdol, using 15 varieties of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Each variety was planted on a plot measuring 1 x 1 meter (one square meter), while calibrating 35 g per m2 in triplicate. Only varieties Barfelix (BF) were sown only in duplicate. Values are obtained climatic conditions at a given for 2014, 2015 and the long term average. The average temperature for the year 2014 was 10.7 ° C and 2015 it was 10.8 ° C which shows that compared to the long term average for those two years the average temperature of almost 2 ° C higher. Annual precipitation for the year 2014 amounted to 571.4 millimeters, which is more than 45 mm more than the long term average, but the annual rainfall for 2015 was only 370.6 millimeters, which is more than 200 mm less than the long term average . 2015 is generally ranked the driest years ever. Measurements were taken every 14 days and a total of 8 measurements were performed, the first measurements were made on 21 May 2015. Since that date, followed by
a total of 5 measurements, namely to July 21, 2015. After that date, followed by a nearly two month break because of the long lasting droughts. For individual varieties of tall fescue were performed in triplicate measurements of height increase in the crop, according to the method EN 735 933 determination of sward height of natural turf. Furthermore, coverage was measured (resistance to weed) according to method EN 735 930 Method C using the points of the frame. Spot frame was in this case replaced by a string measuring 100 cm long split 5 cm, whereby on each parcelce 1x1m were two repetitions.
Results were evaluated using the statistical program ANOVA (LSD, "alfa" = 0.05). Varieties of Paladium (88.3%), Kontiki (87.5) and Zuzana (87.5%) had the highest coverage demonstrably compared to all other varieties. On the contrary, the worst results in a variety of coverage reached Debussy (82.5%), Barfelix (83.3%) and Regiment (83.3%). Conclusive were the differences between other varieties. Olympic Gold varieties (85.8%), Barleroy (85.8%), Cochise (86.7%) and Barcesar (86.7%) were Although demonstrably inferior varieties of palladium, Kontiki and Susan, but also have a palpably better than varieties Barlexas (84.2%), Fine Lawn (84.2%), Starlett (85%), Rembrandt (85%) and Galatea (85%), but which were thus demonstrably better than varieties Debussy Barfelix and Regiment. Variety Fine Lawn conclusively reached its greatest values in growth rate and height above ground organs. When the average height was 6.4 cm in the dry season, however, showed no increase and vice versa suffered from drought, while significantly lowest results in this regard amounted to a variety of Paladium, which reached an average height of only 4.4 cm, which when mowing to 4 cm represents an average increase of just 0.4 cm. The varieties are fully resistant to stress, in the form of drought and high temperatures (Barfelix, Barlexas, Barleroy, Debussy, Galatea, Rembrandt and Starlett), less tolerant (Cochise, Zuzana) and some show no tolerance and conversely, suffer from drought (Barcesar, Fine Lawn , Kondiky, Olympic Gold, Paladium and Regiment). For all varieties was seen very good recovery after a stressful period.
It has been proven that the different varieties of tall fescue from each other in some respects differ , and a wide choice is thus able to fill in a diverse range of applications tall fescue all various environmental conditions or conditions of intensity of cultivation , while its use is possible in increasingly mentioned system low input grassland.
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Phosphorus fertilizing of winter wheat in long-term field experiments including the sewage sludge treatment
Burgetová, Markéta ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
The theoretical part of the work is to describe the importance of phosphorus in soils and plants, and individual fertilizing systems, which is phosphorus in the soil supplied. Currently phosphorus considered limiting element in plant nutrition and it is therefore necessary to monitor the content and add it into the soil as required. Phosphorus is applied to the soil in different sorts of fertilizers. It is possible to use organic and mineral fertilizers and waste materials, for example sludge from sewage treatment plants. Sewage sludge appears to be a rich source of organic substances and other nutrients including phosphorus. Thanks to the application of sewage sludge on agricultural land, when used properly, reflects in the improvement of soil properties.
The aim of this work is to compare different fertilizing treatments (sewage sludge, manure and mineral fertilizers) in terms of water-soluble, accessible and residual phosphorus in the soil and also in terms of the influence of the mentioned treatments on winter wheat yields. The experiment was conducted at Humpolec, Hněvčeves and Suchdol sites and the evaluation was realized between the years 1996 and 2015.
The contents of readily available phosphorus at all sites were fairly balanced and did not clearly indicate the best fertilization option. The highest values were, however, in most cases measured at the sewage sludge treatment.
Sewage sludge appeared to be good source of mobile phosphorus. The values were almost always higher in comparison to the other studied treatments. It was confirmed at all three sites. The increasing tendency in mobile soil P content was clearly visible during the experiments. Estimating of residual phosphorus was carried out in comparison with other factions only in the years 1996, 2005 and 2014. The highest levels of residual P after application of sewage sludge were achieved at Humpolec and Suchdol sites. At the station Hněvčeves, the highest content was estimated on the variant fertilized with mineral fertilizers.
Even though the sludge proved to be the best phosphorus resource in our experiments, the highest winter wheat yields were reached using mineral fertilizers. A variant fertilized with sludge appeared to be second best way, and thereafter followed farmyard manure treatment.
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The influence of long - term fertilization on the lucerne forage quality
Čítková, Lenka ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
Forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is essential in relation to animal feeding. The increase of available nutrients in the soil by fertilization is one of the ways to influence it. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of long-term fertilization on the quality and the stand structure of alfalfa.
The long - term experiment with fertilization was established in 1955 at the Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague - Ruzyně. The experiment with alfalfa stand was established in the spring of 2013, as undersowing alfalfa in spring barley. Six different variants of fertilization were evaluated: an organic or mineral unfertilized variant (control variant); the mineral fertilized variants with low and high doses of N - P - K; a variant fertilized only with manure and the variants fertilized with manure and a combination of low and high doses of N - P - K. The forage samples were taken from the first cut in 2015, in four replications, and the number of plants/m2 (R / m2), the number of stems/m2 (L/m2) and the maximum stem length (MSL) was determined. The mass percentage of leaves was determined in the ten longest stems. The crude protein content (CP), the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) were determined in the samples.
The mineral fertilization significantly influenced the stand structure, while the increasing doses of mineral fertilizers decreased the number of plants/m2. The number of stems/m2 was not clearly influenced even by one type of fertilization. The maximum length of stems increased with the mineral fertilization. Although the yield on the monitored plots was not affected by the fertilization, there is shown an increasing trend with increasing doses of the mineral fertilizers, as it is positively correlated with the length of stems. The mass fraction of leaves was reduced by mineral fertilization. The organic fertilization increased the CP content in the leaves, while fertilization with mineral nitrogen showed a tendency to decrease the CP content in the forage. The content of NDF and NDFD of forage is increasing with the organic fertilizers. High doses of mineral fertilizers have a negative effect on NDFD in alfalfa stems, while in the leaves N - P - K fertilization has a positive effect on NDFD. The combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers, culminating with the higher dose of N - P - K has a positive effect on NDFD.
The effect of the long - term fertilization on forage quality can manifest differently in the leaves and stems of legumes. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor the quality of these parts separately. The mineral fertilizers significantly affects the stand structure and increases yield, which has rather a negative effect on the quality. The organic fertilization does not substantially increase yields, but it improves forage quality, especially the digestibility.
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The analysis of the use of financial product by medium-sized enterprise
KOSÍKOVÁ, Petra
The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyse the use of the financial products by medium-sized enterprise. Another objective of my bachelor thesis was to analyse financial products, which are propose by the financial institutions on the Czech marketplace. In the literature review I was focused on the corporate finance specifically for the financial decision-making and financial analysis. It continue with methods of fi-nancing, that are in the terms of time, divided into short and long term. The funds may be subdivided into private or foreign sources.In the practical part of this bachelor thesis, I have compared the loan offers by the various banking institutions and I tried to compare them with the loan of comparator company.Because nowadays are mortage rates at historically low levels, for the enterprise X has been designed to develop proposals to refinance their existing loan. At the end of my work I have created a list of the current accounts, which are offered by financial institutions on the Czech market. I tried to suggest the best current account for comparing business of the enterprise X.
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