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Míry podobnosti pro nominální data v hierarchickém shlukování
Šulc, Zdeněk ; Řezanková, Hana (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Milan (referee) ; Žambochová, Marta (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with similarity measures for nominal data in hierarchical clustering, which can cope with variables with more than two categories, and which aspire to replace the simple matching approach standardly used in this area. These similarity measures take into account additional characteristics of a dataset, such as frequency distribution of categories or number of categories of a given variable. The thesis recognizes three main aims. The first one is an examination and clustering performance evaluation of selected similarity measures for nominal data in hierarchical clustering of objects and variables. To achieve this goal, four experiments dealing both with the object and variable clustering were performed. They examine the clustering quality of the examined similarity measures for nominal data in comparison with the commonly used similarity measures using a binary transformation, and moreover, with several alternative methods for nominal data clustering. The comparison and evaluation are performed on real and generated datasets. Outputs of these experiments lead to knowledge, which similarity measures can generally be used, which ones perform well in a particular situation, and which ones are not recommended to use for an object or variable clustering. The second aim is to propose a theory-based similarity measure, evaluate its properties, and compare it with the other examined similarity measures. Based on this aim, two novel similarity measures, Variable Entropy and Variable Mutability are proposed; especially, the former one performs very well in datasets with a lower number of variables. The third aim of this thesis is to provide a convenient software implementation based on the examined similarity measures for nominal data, which covers the whole clustering process from a computation of a proximity matrix to evaluation of resulting clusters. This goal was also achieved by creating the nomclust package for the software R, which covers this issue, and which is freely available.
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Comparison of methods of ECLIA and ELISA in determining the beta-CrossLaps
KOŽANTOVÁ, Jana
Osteoporosis is a very old disease affecting a large majority of population. Its occurrence rate has been growing permanently. It is a systemic disease of bones for which the decrease in bone mass, i.e. of inorganic as well as organic bone part is characteristic. Typical symptoms are osteoporotic fractures. To perform an in time diagnostics of the disease, it is necessary to execute the necessary examinations. One of them is also the laboratory determination of markers of bone resorption and new creation for finding out the state of bone metabolism. The target of my bachelor thesis was to find out the level of the bone resorption marker (beta-CrossLaps) by means of ELISA and ECLIA methods on the same serum from patients with the diagnosed osteoporosis and to process statistically the results. In the next part I dealt with the structure and functions of bones. Then I focused on markers of bone formation and resorption. Finally I mentioned the bone metabolism and its control mechanisms. I concentrated mainly on the metabolism of calcium, D vitamin, parathormone and calcitonin. I carried out the practical part of my bachelor's thesis in the accredited private laboratory STAFILA, spol. s r. o. in České Budějovice. The procedure of my work followed the standard operating procedure of the laboratory. In the research, in total 66 serums of patients with osteoporosis were analysed by me. At first, I determined the concentration by beta-CrossLaps method based on the principle of sandwich ELISA on the appliance NexGen Four from TestLine company. Then I analysed the same samples on the automatic analyser IDS-iSYS from IDS company, this time by ECLIA method. Both appliances on which the determination was executed, principles of both methods, applied analytic sets and the procedures of analysis are described in the methodical part. In the next part of my bachelor's thesis, the results of my measuring are stated. At first I entered the concentrations beta-CrossLaps in ng/ml measured by both methods into the table and for the respective samples I stated the sex and years of birth of individual patients. Moreover I prepared a graph illustrating the share of men and women of various age categories in my research. The second graph shows the differences in values of beta-CrossLaps concentrations between both methods. Resulting concentrations were subject to regression analysis. I applied linear regression and Grubbs test for finding out the outlying values excluded from the further statistical processing. I performed Passing-Bablok regression based on the remaining values. As a result of regression equation and 95% CI of the slope B and intercept A, the proportional error of measuring was rejected but on the contrary, the systematic error was confirmed. Correlation coefficient R = 0,97 shows a very good linear dependency between both methods. It turned out by practice in the laboratory that the evaluation of concentrations beta-CrossLaps from the same patients on various appliances may show partially different values. I worked at two different analysers, each of them was based on another principle, with a different sensitivity and calibration. All of this could have the influence on the resulting concentration of individual samples. The advantage of automatic analyser IDS-iSYS is a quicker determination. Moreover it is possible to perform on this apparatus all the possible examination concerning the bone metabolism from D vitamin, parathormone, osteocalcin up to bone markers. It is advantage for the patients with osteoporosis as well as with other metabolic skeleton diseases. It follows from this that all the necessary examinations may be carried out on one apparatus.
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Výběr a implementace open source nástroje pro řízení portfolia projektů
Marek, Jan ; Chlapek, Dušan (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
Methods and ways of implementation of changes and innovations in companies through project management are in today's society very well established. There exists methodologies, techniques and tools for the management of individual projects. However in a role of project manager, I very often faced the fact that companies are performing the project portfolio management in very intuitive way. This in itself leads to failed and prematurely terminated projects, initiation of the wrong projects or realisation of correct projects, but at the wrong time. Very often I have also recognized, that there is lack of awareness of fact, that there are also Open Source applications that can help with the organization's portfolio. This thesis deals with the definition of requirements, search and selection of proper OSS application and subsequent implementation. In the first part of this thesis I prepare a theoretical framework about PPM, and on that basis then identify and verify a set of requirements for selection of right OSS PPM application. The next section of thesis describes searching for suitable applications from a variety of sources, assessment against the requirements and the final selection. In the last part the implementation project is drafted, which aims to serve other colleagues in project management as one of the possible implementation paths. The outputs are then continuously confronted with experts in matter of projects and project management in the field of IT in order to maximize symbiosis between theory and real life experiences. Virtually every project management methodology defines the collection of already-proven techniques, best practices or lessons learned from the previous similar implementations. The main contribution of this thesis I see in fact that it contains not only the design of the project implementation, but also describes a logical path, what leads to the result. Therefore this thesis could be used as a base or discussed best practice, when a project of implementation of PPM application in place.
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Satisfaction of women in labour with nursing care during childbirth.
KLÍMOVÁ, Magdaléna
This dissertation investigates the level of satisfaction among expectant mothers with the care services provided during childbirth. Satisfaction reflects a subjective perception of an expectant mother in meeting her needs during childbirth. The feeling of satisfaction is very personal, however, evaluation of the care provided needs to be determined and not ignored. It is important for expectant mothers that the health care professionals present as empathic, friendly, co-operative, and tactful.Theoretical part was developed from evidence-based literature and available findings related to this problematic. There is a description of a childbirth process including a midwife's role during the individual stages of childbirth and options for pain management. Other chapters focus on midwife's approach toward an expectant mother and factors which influence the level of satisfaction during childbirth. Dissertation's aim was to determine whether the expectant mothers were more satisfied in smaller maternity departments, and to evaluate the way a midwife may influence the mother's satisfaction. There were two hypotheses stated and verified by a statistical testing. Hypothesis No. 1: Expectant mothers are more satisfied in smaller maternity departments than larger ones. Hypothesis No. 2: The level of satisfaction is influenced by midwife's empathic approach. Practical part focused mainly on a midwife's approach toward expectant mother. A quantitative research was implemented in form of questionnaires. The research sample constituted of expectant mothers from four postpartum departments in the Czech Republic. In total the sample included 215 expectant mothers, 109 from smaller facilities and 106 from larger maternity departments. In terms of the overall level of satisfaction with their midwife during the childbirth process, 89% of expectant mothers from smaller maternity departments and 83% of expectant mothers from larger departments stated they were satisfied. Conversely, 11% of respondents from smaller facilities and 17% of respondents from larger facilities were dissatisfied. Based on research analysis comparing the level of satisfaction of expectant mothers from smaller and larger maternity departments the hypothesis no. 1 "Expectant mothers are more satisfied in smaller maternity departments than the larger ones" did not show as statistically significant and was rejected. Nonetheless, the questionnaire responses clearly showed that empathic approach of a midwife influenced expectant mother's satisfaction. Statistical testing demonstrated a significant correlation between an expectant mother's satisfaction and empathic approach of a midwife. The second hypothesis "The level of satisfaction is influenced by midwife's empathic approach" was accepted.The research findings may serve as a guiding material for the midwives in order to provide a high quality care to expectant mothers during the childbirth process. They may also be utilised by future midwives who are in undergraduate preparation for the profession, or those professionals who contribute in any way during the childbirth process. Additionally, the research findings may be presented at conferences designated for midwives.
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Risk factors for osteoporosis - knowledge and behavior of adolescent girls
KVASNÍKOVÁ, Martina
The thesis deals with the theme of risk factors for osteoporosis, knowledge and behavior of adolescent girls. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the anatomy and physiology of bone. The second chapter discusses general information about osteoporosis. The third chapter summarizesthe prevention of osteoporosis and in the fourth chapter describes the treatment of osteoporosis. In the practical part of thesis was used method quantitative research. The target group consisted of 100 adolescent girls in the age range of 15-17 years of grammar school and vocational school in the České Budějovice. The girls were interviewed using a questionnaire, which consisted of questions related to osteoporosis. In thesis were determined two main objectives. The first of them was to map the knowledge of adolescent girls in the prevention of osteoporosis. The second objective is concerned with mapping the behavior of adolescent girls in the prevention of osteoporosis. The first research question dealt with by what kind of knowledge adolescent girls in the prevention of osteoporosis. The second research question was focused on the behavior of adolescent girls in the prevention of osteoporosis. According to the questionnaires can be concluded that the majority of respondents are not sufficiently informed about osteoporosis, but I find girls that basic information about the disease they have. Questionnaires filled in by teenage girls from the first and second years of grammer school and vocational school, therefore, the results are compared with one another. The survey shows that respondents from vocational school awareness of osteoporosis do not. Girls from grammer school have heard about this disease, but they can´t define it. The reason for this ignorance is that girls (from grammer school and from vocational school) have never been informed about osteoporosis. This fact mention the majority of the respondent girls. In most cases in the families of the respondents there is not osteoporosis or the girls do not know. On the following questions in the questioannarire girl (from both schools) have marked mostly option "not know". It were a questions whether sex hormones protects to some extent against osteoporosis. Furthermore, for which persons osteoporosis frequently occurs, whether the osteoporosis relate with calcium and vitamin D, or not. Schoolgirl from grammer school and vocational school mostly said that they consume milk and milk products several times a day or once a day. Of the 100 respondents sonly 18 girls said that do not drink alcohol. A total of 55 female students do not smoke and 23 female students smoke. The number of girl who smoke from vocational school is more than number of girls from grammer school. Schoolgirls of grammer school correctly think that physical activity can affect osteoporosis, the respondents of vocational school hold a different opinion. All of the girls regularly do sports, except for the two girls who do not purposefully movement. Based on the information from the questionnaire it would be appropriate that the teenager girls should be more informed about osteoporosis. There are several variations, such as educational material prepared for teenage girls or classes in school or self studying. Very important is the prevention of osteoporosis. The important role have a adequate nutrition and physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of adolescent girls about the disease, so they can avoid.
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Dance education of preschool hyperactive children
Lacková, Ivana ; LÖSSL, Jiří (advisor) ; FRIČOVÁ, Marie (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is Dance education of preschool hyperactive children. Goal of research is to describe teaching of hyperactive children especially dance lessons.
There is described Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the first part of thesis. There is written about special needs of children with ADHD focused on education.
Second part is focused on practical dance lesson of ADHD children. There is described example dance lesson based on theory and practical experience of experts.
The result of research is that supply of special lessons is very limited and it is big pity. In the diploma thesis was recognized that the education with special program should help to children with ADHD and it can be good supplement to standard medical therapy.
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White crow dressed in black. Life's journey of František Jan Kroiher (1871-1948)
CUKR, Jiří
The present rigorous thesis is about the personality of František Jan Kroiher (1871-1948). He represented a very engaged person in a public area. His activity was very extensive and intervened in minor works in the country up to the contacts with the highest clerical and political circles. Individual chapters are devoted Kroiher´s childhood and study, career of the priest in the South Bohemia, his taking part in the reform efforts of the Czech clergy, work in a cooperative and economic sphere, a politic career in Agrarian Party and his extensive journalistic activities and sponsorship. At the end there is evaluation of Kroiher´s personality, followed by the list of sources and bibliography, index of names, a list of abbreviations and supplements. The rigorous thesis was based on prospecting quantity of the archival documents, period newspapers and literature. The present rigorous thesis is about the personality of František Jan Kroiher (1871-1948). He represented a very engaged person in a public area. His activity was very extensive and intervened in minor works in the country up to the contacts with the highest clerical and political circles. Individual chapters are devoted Kroiher´s childhood and study, career of the priest in the South Bohemia, his taking part in the reform efforts of the Czech clergy, work in a cooperative and economic sphere, a politic career in Agrarian Party and his extensive journalistic activities and sponsorship. At the end there is evaluation of Kroiher´s personality, followed by the list of sources and bibliography, index of names, a list of abbreviations and supplements. The rigorous thesis was based on prospecting quantity of the archival documents, period newspapers and literature.
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Etienne Decroux and his method Le Mime Corporel
Šimon, Lukáš ; VIZVÁRY, Radim (advisor) ; SOPROVÁ, Jana (referee)
This thesis discusses the life and work of Etienne Decroux, one of France's most important reformers of the theater and his method of Le Mime Corporel, which still forms the basis of modern pantomime. Decroux is known worldwide as an excellent mime, director, teacher, theorist and reformer of the theater. His contribution to the development of the European theater in the last century is very significant, especially for mime theatre. The work presents Decroux's personality and his contribution to the creation of the new method of mime theatre - Le Mime Corporel. Another task of this thesis is to explore the effects of different important personalities in the artistic development of Etienne Decroux, to describe the basic elements forming the method Le Mime Corporel and to compare it to other genres of movement theater.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching vocational subjects depending on physical activity before schooling.
Janošíková, Martina ; Hanušová, Marie (advisor)
The period of transition to secondary school brings substantial changes in the requirements for study obligations, autonomy, communication, expression, or separated from their families in the form of staying at the dormitory. Students enrolled in sport centers, in addition to these changes, still struggling with the responsibilities associated with sport. Because they are students first through fourth grades of secondary schools and secondary vocational schools, an age when image self-I am, what I believe in, arises in interactions with the outside world and their own experience, plays a very important role to influence the environment, educators, teachers and trainers, with which students spend most of their time in practice. This study looks at students comprehensively in terms of personal development as a multifactorial biopsychosocial unit, in terms of cognitive and motivational processes, states and properties from the perspective of social psychology dealing with the interactions, relationships and communication, psychology of individuals within the social group and its importance for the development of the individual . It monitors conditions and educational outcomes in terms of educational psychology, dealing with forming properties, opinions, attitudes and value orientation from the perspective of educational psychology.
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Influence of meadow management on the migration behavior of selected species of butterflies
Bubová, Terezie ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Farkač, Jan (referee)
Migrations are the key process and one of the basic biological features, which allow survival of endangered species in fragmented landscape. In the last decades, agriculture intensification, industry and urbanization caused that number of natural butterfly habitats has significantly decreased. The localities originally suitable for butterflies are currnetly converted to farmland or building plots. This PhD thesis aimed to find a compromise solution of meadow management, which should allow a commercial use and concurrently do not jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species. The main idea of this study was in the intentional emigration causing in the middle of flight period, which should lead into resettlement of the population to another (potentially more suitable) locality. Possibility of aimed manipulation with butterfly emigrations would be considered as a major breakthrough in their protection.
The investigated species Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) and Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) are both considered to be flagship species for protection of European butterflies at open meadows. This study is based on research, which was carried out in 2013-2015 at 17 patch in localities Dolní Labe, Czech Republic. In above mentioned years, one selected meadow was mowed in the middle of flight season and the emigrations were then monitored using mark-release-recapture method. Results of population and migration characteristics were calculated in MARK 8.1 software. Subsequently, the effect of mowing on emigration (comparison of emigrations from the meadow before and after mowing) was evaluated using Statistica 13.
The hypotheses of this study were based on the assumption, that the loss of resources after well-timed mowing should increase the activity of adult butterflies. During the monitoring, number of emigrations was increased only in flight season 2015. Unfortunately, the statistical evaluation did not show significant effect of mowing on migrations. On the other hand, the hypothesis dealing with colonization of nearest meadows was confirmed.
Effect of intentional emigration caused by management interventions was unfortunately not proved. However, we found out, that even though the population at one mowed meadow decreased clearly, the metapopulation size at the locality remained more or less stable.
At investigated (mowed) meadow, there was observed a sharp decline of P. nausithous abundance. On the other hand, P. teleius population was only slightly reduced. It is therefore conceivable, that P. teleius are not as susceptible to innapropriate term of mowing. The results obtained in our research conclusively displayed no possible positive effect of mowing in the middle of flight season and a necessity of suitable management maintenance at localities inhabited by Phengaris butterflies.
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