| |
|
Ultrasound imaging of posterior vaginal wall descent
Krčmář, Michal ; Marešová, Dana (advisor) ; Zmrhal, Jan (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
The aim of our study was to set up the parameters, which could be used in the future for objective assesment of posterior vaginal wall descent same as they have been used in the assesment of anterior compartment. We included 42 attendants, 21 with proven descent of posterior vaginal wall; 21 as a control group. We observed the ultrasonographical distance between the most descending point at posterior vaginal wall according to the horizontal line and the inferior margin of pubic bone same as posterior anorectal angle after the intrarectal application of sonographic yelly; both at rest and during Valsalva manévre. Doubleoptional t-test was used for statistical evaluation of the results. Furthermore we judged the demographic features of both groups. We proved the statistic significant decrease in measured distances in the group of patients suffering from the descent compared to the group of healthy women. Values of posterior anorectal angle were significantly highered in the group of patients with the descent. The incidence of descent is related to higher age, higher level of BMI and multiparity in the group of patients. There was also higher incidence of stress urinary incontinence in patients' group, which had been surgically treated. We obtained no explicit data about influence of menopausal status being an...
|
|
Testing of Public for Occult Bleeding Associated with Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Dřímalová, Libuše ; Konštacký, Stanislav (advisor) ; Šabršulová, Jana (referee) ; Pečenková, Jaroslava (referee)
Key words: primary care, prevention, colorectal cancer, risk factors, screening, FOBT, Education This paper provides information about possibilites of colorectal cancer primary and secondary prevention. The theoretical part of the paper is focused on the primary care, it provides information about possible factors leading to the origin of this desease and its treatment. It emphasizes the importance of screening programme and points at the importance of nurses' active taking part in this programme, mainly concerning patients' education. It explains the method of fecal ocult blood test and points at possible mistakes made during testing and its evaluation. The empirical part finds how accessible these tests are to the public, it checks the method simplicity and the possiblity of cooperation between the public and health staff. The paper includes information which is especially important for the nurses working in the primary care.
|
|
Dog Lyme Disease
Grittnerová, Erika ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
Lyme borreliosis is a multi-organ disease caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group. These bacterias are transmitted by ticks of genus Ixodes, in the Czech Republic by Ixodes ricinus. The main reservoirs including the ticks are rodents, insectivores and deers. Lyme disease is the most diagnosed infection transmitted by ticks in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. It is supposed that due to climate change in recent years it will appear more often. In the Czech Republic it is reported 3500 to 4000 cases per year in recent years. The greatest risk of infection is in deciduous and mixed forests, dense and tall vegetation and at locations along watercourses. Borrelia gets into the host body with a saliva of the tick and spreads through blood or lymph to target organs such as the nervous system, joints, myocardium, skeletal muscles, eyes and skin. In dogs the lyme disease manifests usually asymptomatically or by non-specific symptoms that can simulate a variety of other diseases. The most common clinical signs are lameness, fever, joint and muscle pains, lethargy, loss of appetite and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis of the lyme borreliosis is relatively complicated and it is based on an assessment of clinical signs, epidemiological history and laboratory tests. For detection of borrelia in the organism it is used direct or indirect methods. The most commonly used direct method is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that examines the presence of borrelia DNA in a sample. Indirect methods examine the presence of specific antibodies in a blood serum. Combination of ELISA test and Western blot seems to be the most reliable of them. Treatment consist in antibiotic therapy for several weeks. The basis of prevention is early removal of tick and measures to prevent its bite. These measures consist in using various acaricidal preparations. Currently for dogs it is available vaccine that however is not included in the basic vaccination schema.
|
|
Predisposing factors of allergies XI.
Horová, Zuzana ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most often occuring children chronic diseases and its prevalence is steadily increasing. A lot of risk and protective factors influencing the development of asthma and atopic diseases have been described. It is necessary to gain more information about these factors, though. AIM: To compare two different groups of children (the asthmatics and the reference group) beeing influenced by different risk and protective factors for developing asthma. Analysing the risk factors may help us to design preventive programmes and broaden the knowledge of pathobiology of the disease. METHODS: 3848 structured anonymous questionnaires were sent to various primary schools round the Czech Republic. The questionnaires were completed by parents on behalf of their children. The aim of the questionnaires was to examine the prenatal conditions and postnatal conditions at the age of the first two years, at 6th -7th , 12th - 13th year of age. 2050 completed questionnaires were sent back and we focused on the group of 118 astmatic children and 765 non-allergic children as the reference group. Children were born in years 1992-1993 and all come from the Czech Republic. Answering positively the question about asthmatic symptoms and using antiasthmatic pharmacotherapy, children were indicated as...
|
|
Immunological laboratory diagnostics of non-specific gut inflammation.
Vohralíková, Jana ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Andrýs, Ctirad (referee)
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with Crohn‛s Disease (CD) and ulceratice colitis (UC) as the two main disorders, is a heterogenous group of disease of unknown etiology. IBD serological markers may be important in the diagnosis of IBD, for differentiating CD from UC. The major serological marker in commonal use are ASCA and ANCA. Recently new antiglycan antibodies have been identified: anti laminaribioside carbohydrate antibodies - ALCA and anti chitobioside carbohydrate antibodies ACCA. The antibodies are significantly associated with CD. AIMS: To evaluate the significance of the recently discovered novel antibodies: ALCA and ACCA METHODS: Assesment of pANCA, ASCA, ALCA and ACCA was performed using the standardized indirect immunoflourescence technique and ELISA. Serum samples were obtained from 89 pacients with CN and from 33 pacients with UC. Results were considered positive if: ASCA> 15 U/ml, ALCA> 60 EU and ACCA> 90 EU. RESULTS: ASCA was positive for 78.8% (70/89) of patiens with CD and 12,1% (4/33) of pacients with UC. pANCA was positive for 42.4%(14/33) of patiens with UC and 7,8%(7/89) of patiens with CN. The ASCA IgA test yielded 71.3% sensitivity and 93.9% specificity for CN. The ASCA IgG test yielded 57,3% sensitivity and 93.9% specificity for CN. The ANCA test yielded 41.9%...
|
|
Antidysrrhythmic drugs in the treatment of life-threatening dysrrhythmias
Tůmová, Klára ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT Sudden death caused by a serious arrhythmia is quite common in the developed countries. Although pharmacotherapy is not the intervention of choice for patients who suffer from arrhythmia accompanied by serious objective symptoms (hypoxia, hypotension, chest pain), it plays an important role as an adjunct to non-pharmacological intervention in cases, when the intervention did not have the desired effect itself. Even as prevention of new arrhythmic episodes pharmacotherapy gives more and more place to radiofrequency ablation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). It is an alternative to invasive intervention when this is not indicated for any reason and a useful adjunct to ICD in patients with frequent arrhythmic episodes requiring a discharge. Searching for patients at risk of a serious arrhythmia, especially for primary prevention, is of limited potentials. Results of presently used tests have limited predictive value, in addition to this many abnormal findings are not prognostically important for otherwise healthy persons. Those findings can have certain significance when found in patients with structural heart disease or rare genetic arrhythmogenic syndromes. This work reviews contemporary possibilities of treatment and prevention of arrhythmias including new methods. The...
|
|
Účinky rostlinných extraktů z bazalky, jalovce a vavřínu na životaschopnost SH-SY5Y buněk neuroblastomu
Závadová, Vlasta ; Tilšer, Ivan (advisor) ; Fendrich, Zdeněk (referee)
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world, especially in developed countries. There are already many antiproliferative agents used to cure patients with cancer. However, many of the currently approachable medicines are synthetic chemicals, which are invasive and very often cause alterations in healthy cells. Because of these reasons, there is a tendency to turn back to natural agents used mainly traditionally in folk medicine, because some of them might be potentially effective against tumor development. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of basil, laurel and juniper extracts on neuroblastoma cancer cells were tested by using MTT and LDH assays. The extracts at concentrations 2; 0,5; 0,1; 0,05 and 0,01 mg/ml were effecting the cells for 12 hours. Another method used for studying of extract's effects was western blotting analysis showing the level of tumor supressor p53 protein in the neuroblastoma cells after extract treatment. The results with treated cells were compared to the untreated cells serving as a control. The results of MTT assay show decrease in cell viability of cells treated with all three plant extracts at concentration 2 mg/ml. Also four other concentrations of laurel and juniper extracts 0,5; 0,1; 0,05 and 0,05 mg/ml highly decreased the cell viability in comparison...
|
|
The study of interaction of platinum cytostatics with BCRP drug transporter using MTT cytotoxicity test
Horká, Markéta ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
AAbbssttrraacctt The resistance of oncological diseases to cytostatic treatment is considered as one of the most serious problems of cancer treatment. One of the mechanisms by which cancers develop resistance is the overexpression of efflux transport proteins that limit intracellular concentrations of substrate agents. This work is focused on study of the interaction between clinically used platinum cytostatics (cisplatinum, carboplatinum and oxaliplatinum) and the efflux transport protein - BCRP. The experiments were made on MDKCII (parental cell line) and MDCKII-BCRP (cells were transfected by the gene of BCRP) cell lines. The results of the experiment with oxaliplatinum did not confirm any effect of BCRP on viability of BCRP transfected cells. Cisplatinum and carboplatinum tests provided evidence that BCRP transporter plays an important role in resistance development. The cells that were transfected by the gene of BCRP showed remarkably enhanced viability than parental MDCKII cells. However, the inhibition of BCRP transporter by specific inhibitor fumitremorgin C did not affect the viability of MDCK-BCRP cells. Such results suggest that the resistance of transfected cells was developed by other mechanism. Enhanced resistance could be caused by EGFP which is used as a reporting protein in preparation of...
|
| |
guest ::
