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The chances in the life of asdolescents after leaving the childrens home
Veselá, Jana ; Stolařová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor)
Dissertation with the title " The Chances in the Life of Adolescents after Leaving the Childrens Home" explores the complex problems that young people brought up in care institutions face while integrating into society. The two main sections of this dissertation are Theoretical and Empirical. The Theoretical part forms a framework for the Empirical part. The Theoretical section focuses on outlining the structure of children's homes as part of the institutional care system in the Czech Republic. This section describes the grounds for children's home placement and then further analyses problems connected with those who leave care after reaching the age of consent. This analysis explores the young people's opportunities and difficulties in finding accommodation and work and in their integration with the social environment. It describes in more detail the principles of social services for young people in so-called half-way houses. Model standards for these institutions are demonstrated by using the example of a half-way house as operated by 'DOM' Civic Trust. The Empirical part introduces the rationale and main findings of this qualitative study. The purpose of this dissertation was to describe the quality of life of young people leaving childrens homes. It also explores the way they reflect on life in care...
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The Result of High Dose Therapy with Peripheral Blood Stemm Cells (PBCs) Support at Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Mecl, Jan ; Špička, Ivan (referee) ; Kořen, Jan (advisor)
The submitted thesis is based on comparison of therapeutical effectivity of two different methods using in multiple myeloma patients for therapy. The best therapy seems to be single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantation ASCT with stimulation and separation of periferal blood stem cells (PBSCs). The stimulation could be done by CFA (cyclofosfamid) or cytostatik combinaňtion, e.g. IVE (ifosfamide, vepeside, epirubicine) in combination with G - CSF (granulocyte - colony - stimulating factor). The question which is not answered is which one of those methods is more effective. And which one of single or tandem ASCT is more profitable if any. The goal of the study is to compare two different methods of stimulation and separation of PBSCs (CFA and IVE). I compare the effectivity from a viewpoint of breeding PBSCs and also time consuming of the separation meňthods. Nobody has done this comparison before us. To separate PBSCs was used COBE Spectra apheresis systém. Spectra is efficient to separate the whole blood into its components. The group for my study were 167 patients with Multiple Myeloma. Part was stimulated with CFA the other part with IVE. In every one of those groups we compare the number of PBSCs represent by CD34+ cells, type and period of several separation methods and also differences between...
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Glucose-metabolism patology during pregnancy
Janštová, Alena ; Andělová, Kateřina (advisor)
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease occurring mostly over the age of 40 years. In recent years, however, increasingly more often in younger populations , often even adolescents and children. The team is also related to the increasing prevalence of pregnant women diagnosed with pregestačným type 2 diabetes . Material fact is worsening of pregnancies among these women. The incidence of congenital malformations is 2 - 3 times higher than the normal population . prevalence of sudden intrauterine death is approximately four times higher . Perinatal mortality is comparable in both types of diabetes (2.6% of type 1 diabetes vs.3 , 7 % for type 2 diabetes ) but causes leading to fetal death are different. In Type 1 diabetes is the leading cause of perinatal mortality severe malformation of the fetus and complications related to prematurity . In type 2 diabetes dominated by sudden intrauterine fetal death . From these facts shows how important it is to you earliest detection of the disease , the importance of preconception care with emphasis on planning Parenting and provide adequate prenatal care.
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Specifics of nurse care at the patient with MRSA on surgery from nurses' point of view.
KALÁBOVÁ, Miroslava
Title of the thesis: Specifics of the nursing care of patients with MRSA in the operating room from an anesthesiology nurse perspective. The aim of this thesis was to identify the specifics of nursing care of a patient with the MRSA in the operating room from the perspective of nurses working in the operating room. In the theoretical part focus is given to nursing care and its specifics for a patient with MRSA. Chapters relating to the regime measures, barrier nursing procedures and the use of specific aids, instruments and tools are treated in detail. The nursing care provided by anesthesia nurses and perioperative nurses in the operating room is defined. To reach the goals the quantitative research through questionnaires was chosen. The research sample consisted of anesthesia nurses and perioperative care nurses. Two types of standardized questionnaires were used, consisted of closed questions where respondents chose an appropriate answer, and from semi-open questions where respondents could specify their answers, and in one case open questions. Both questionnaires were completed by 12 test questions, where respondents had the choice of three possible answers, where one answer was correct. The results of the investigation are summarized in two types of graphs. Bar charts were used in questions where more answers were possible to mark, and for a better clarity the results were supplemented by tables. Results to other questions, where options were limited by one answer, are shown in percentages in pie graphs. Our thesis is very narrowly focused, because we concentrated on specifics of nursing care in a patient with MRSA in the operating room. We have determined the specifics of barrier nursing, nursing problems in a patient with MRSA in the operating room. We have discovered barrier nursing procedures in a patient with MRSA in the operating room. We have also succeeded in assessing the knowledge of nurses working in the operating room. The goal was met. An interesting finding was that most of anesthetic nurses and perioperative nurses had responded that the structural and technical arrangement in the operating room was not satisfactory in terms of barrier nursing of a patient with MRSA. This problem was expected, owing to the author´s experience in operating theaters. Thus Hypothesis 1 is confirmed. In total five hypotheses were stated, four of which were confirmed and one was disproved. The aim of the thesis was to draw attention to problems in the operating room during nursing a patient with MRSA. In the course of the research work there were no problems, however, it is necessary to mention the lack of literature on MRSA with regard to nursing care in operating theaters. The theoretical section of this thesis could be recommended as a resource for the education plan created on the basis of information collected and the results of this research. The results of the research survey may serve for general public, anesthesia and perioperative nurses who could benefit from the educational plan in practice while providing nursing care for a patient with MRSA.
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Distribution of Philips Oral Health Care products in the Czech Republic
Bouška, Pavel ; Mejdrech, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Urban, Bohumil (referee)
This Master thesis is focused on topic of distribution channels and theirs practical application in distribution of Philips Oral Healthcare products on Czech market. The theoretical part is devoted to the physical structure of distribution channels, the parameters that define them, and the factors influencing their choice. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the relationships that exist between channel members, a system for management and direction of the common value added. The thesis is further concerned about relationships developed in between two channel members and presents a system for management of such relationships in order to develop them and deliver additional value. Under this approach the thesis further deals with the process of key customers selection and their further integration. In the next section a more detailed presentation of Philips Company is given, followed by description of oral healthcare market competition and distribution of end customers by their habits. Furthermore the thesis describes a practical example of Philips dealing with key customer in oral healthcare category. In order to fulfill the set objectives of the this thesis deep analysis of Philips current distribution channels takes place, followed by described anticipated development and proposed important area to ensure such development.
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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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Nutritional care about immobile patient on standard department of internal type
AMBLEROVÁ, Michaela
Nutritional care for immobile clients at a standard department of internal type becomes still more important, because nutritional care is important for maintaining good health and supporting quality of life. Nutritional status of immobile clients is very important to diagnose as early as possible in order to avoid all risks of potential complications. Adequate nutrition is also very important to maintain good mental health. The central objective of this work was to explore the specifics of nursing care in the field of nutritional care for immobile client at a standard department of internal type. Following this goal, three research questions were set up: How is the nutritional status of patients at a standard department of internal type assessed? What are the possibilities of application of nutrition for immobile client at a standard department of internal type? What are the specifics of nursing care in the fields of nutrition of immobile client at a standard department of internal type? The empirical part of the thesis was processed using qualitative research, which was realized through semi-structured interview technique. The interview contained 3134 questions, which focused on nutrition care for immobile clients on standard unit of internal type. The research sample consisted of nurses working in the standard department of internal type in the České Budějovice Hospital, a.s. Overall, this study leads to two findings, both positive and negative. Within the positive findings we can say that nurses provide adequate care in the application of nutrition per os. Negative findings relates to the fact that the interviewed nurses provide only basic care in case of the introduction of enteral and parenteral nutrition. They do not know more detailed specifics of enteral and parenteral nutrition. Based on this finding, we think it would be useful to organize regular seminars and trainings for nurses to expand their knowledge about this type of care, or at least remind it. This thesis can serve as an informational material for nurses in practice or students of other health professions. This work can serve also as a basis for further research.
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Nursing procedures in taking blood pressure
SEDLÁKOVÁ, Tereza
By blood pressure is meant lateral pressure or the side pressure of a blood column on the side of a vessel. The pressure is created thanks to the action of heart as a blood pump. This pressure is not the same in different parts of the bloodstream. By the blood pressure is meant the arterial pressure or pressure in the artery, so the pressure in big blood vessels. The highest values are reached in the expulsion phase of the heart action, which is called systole. The lowest values are reached in the phase of filling heart chambers, which is called diastole. The sole nursing procedures required in the process of taking a blood pressure reading are many and all must be followed. This thesis is composed of a theoretical part and practical part. Introduction to the theoretical part is composed of the main terminology from the physiology of blood pressure. In the theoretical part we follow with division on hypotension and hypertension, which are the most common diseases related to blood pressure, with diagnosis and recommendation for treatment. This thesis also offers information about measuring blood pressure by the invasive and the non-invasive method. The theoretical part is focused on the importance of the nurse in the process of measuring blood pressure with emphasis on her knowledge and practical skills.
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Pick´s disease and the specifics of the nursing care of a patient with this disease
KOPKAŠOVÁ, Lenka
Pick's disease is a degenerative-atrophic process that primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Besides Alzheimer's disease, it is a lesser known form of dementia which affects people of younger age. Although the exact range of Pick's disease occurrence varies in the literature, the average reported age is between 50-60 years. The disease can change eating habits, cause emotional swings, inappropriate behaviour and sloppy appearance of the patients. The behaviour to others is often selfish, the patients are unable to listen to others and ignore their surroundings. Pick's disease is also characterized by inappropriate sexual behaviour. Globally, the number of dementia patients is still growing and according to expert guesses the increase will continue. Nursing care for patients with dementia is therefore becoming a very actual topic as dementia is called a quiet epidemic of our century. Nurses in their departments quite frequently encounter patients suffering from dementia of various origins at different stages of disability and the staff at healthcare facilities often regard these people as a burden. The aim of this thesis, which is called Pick's Disease and Specifics of Nursing Care for Patients with this Disease, is, based on the theoretical knowledge, to map definitions and diagnosis of Pick's disease, to define the needs of such a patient, and to list the most common problems in the nursing care. It focuses on people with dementia within medical facilities. For proper understanding of the problem, the thesis starts with the anatomy and physiology of the brain and the description of cognitive functions which are affected by the dementia syndrome and the definition of dementia. Based on the studied literature, dementia is divided according to various criteria. It has been found out that dividing dementia is not entirely uniform, but the essential facts and overall opinions of the authors do not diverge. Pick's disease belongs to a group of frontotemporal dementia and its position in this group has changed over time, as it is recorded in the literature. The thesis includes recommendations resulting from the studied literature in the approach to patients with dementia and emphasizes personal communication with the patients and empathetic and humane approach. Although medicine cannot prevent dementia, an early diagnosis of a specific type of dementia and correctly targeted treatment can increase the quality of life not only of the patients but also of their families. I have chosen this topic because I find it very current and interesting. During my nursing practice at the Surgery Department and Aftercare Department, I have met patients suffering from dementia and I did not know how to properly and efficiently communicate with them. For the theoretical part of my work, the methods of explanation, synthesis and induction on the basis of Czech and foreign information sources have been used. The most frequently quoted Czech authors in my thesis are doc. MD. Roman Jirák, PhD., the head of the center for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease at the psychiatric clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague, the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University. This thesis can serve as an informational and educational source both for nurses and the general public who may experience the disease within their families. It would be considered a great success if it helped nurses or family members to diagnose Pick's disease or other dementia at an early stage.
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