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Degradation of complex carbohydrates by bifidobacteria
Makovská, Marie ; Bunešová, Věra (advisor) ; Švejstil, Roman (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I discuss different strains of bifidobacteria and their ability to utilize different complex carbohydrates as an energy source. For this bachelor thesis were used 112 strains of Bifidobacterium genus which came from different ecological niches. Official collection type and untyped strains were used, along with wild strains, some of which have been isolated by workers and students of the Faculty of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics at the Czech University of Life Sciences. Pure cultures were inoculated into media enriched with different substrates (3 types of starch and Nutriose - resistant dextrin), while tested substrates were always sole carbon sources. Media contained bromcresol red as a pH indicator. A positive sample of the culture, which was able to utilize the substrate, exerted a color change, because of the formation of metabolites (especially acetic acid and lactic acid), which was resulted in lowering the pH.
Further, cultures were tested for ability to degrade starch with so-called plate method. Petri plates contained an agar enriched with starch and tested Bifidobacterium strains were inoculated in preformed holes. After an anaerobic cultivation, coloration by Congo red agent and rinse by NaCl, bright zones around the samples, which prove ability to degrade starch by the bifidobacteria culture, were evaluated.
By the evaluation of the tests has been found that degradation of starch is more frequent for animal strains (which are more species-diverse). Positively respond 59,7 % of total 61 animal strains (20 different species of total 35). Strains isolated from human sources have less capacity of starch degradation. There 26 % of total 42 strains were able to degrade starch. However these positive strains include 8 different species of total 14 tested. From 6 dietary sources of strains just 2 strains (2 different species of 4 tested) were able to degrade starch. One of them was isolated from probiotic product (drops) and the second one was isolated from airag (Mongolian traditional fermented drink, which is made from the milk of mares). All three strains, which were isolated from sewage, can degrade starch (each of them was different species).
The results suggest that some substrate preference of Bifidobacterium strains depends of their habitat.
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Selection and evaluation of winter wheat varieties for organic and conventional farming
Nedvěd, Miloš ; Capouchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Faměra, Oldřich (referee)
In the Czech Republic, wheat is the most significant field crop of both conventional and ecological cultivation. In the common conventional system, the vast variety of different crops allow cultivators to choose from all kinds of crops that are most suitable for specific floricultural conditions of their farms, and also for specific kinds of wheat use. Because of the inaccessibility of crops cultivated for conditions of ecological cultivation, ecological farmers are forced to grow crops, which are cultivated and tested to grow in conditions of conventional farming. The number of crop species is wide-ranging so there are a lot of crops the ecological farmers are not even aware of. To clarify, ecological farmers do not have the knowledge to plant such crops in the conditions of ecological farming. Nonetheless, there are some results of long-term crop experiments available that could help ecological farmers. The experiments are done by the Research Station of Department of Crop Production FAFNR CZU in Prague-Uhrinevsi. The primary research aim is to assess both production and qualitative specifications of ecological crops, and moreover, to compare the evaluation of ecological system to the conventional one. The research results allow us to define crops, which comply with both conventional and ecological type of farming.
My Bachelor thesis is a part of this research. In most cases, the same crops have reached the highest profits and quality in both the conventional and the ecological system. Based on our results, if an ecological or conventional farmer wants to primarily focus on production, then the following crops are recommended: Tobak (B), Gordian (B), and Vanessa (C). In the case of preference of food processing quality, it is recommended to use the crop Evina (E), which has reached both an exceptional quality and high profits in the ecological and the conventional system as well. Moreover, the crop Gordian (B) has achieved good quality parameters in both systems and the Gordian belonged to the profitable ones at the same time. Besides those, for example crops Annie (E) and Cimrmanova rana (E) have also reached high quality but lower profits in both systems.
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Importance and possibilities of winter cereals utilization in organic farming
Valdmanová, Miroslava ; Capouchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Organic agriculture is not only a way how to produce food and feed raw materials in
friendly way , but also it has very important secondary and landscaping functions. Production
without chemical inputs into organic farming is very important, but in a broader sense it helps
this system to bring the landscape, to it is original and natural functions.
The most grown cereal in organic farming in CZ is common wheat., which in year
2014 reaches an average return 3,05 t.ha-1
, was grown on an area of 6 117 ha and structure of
the grain it took part 24 %. For winter crops after the decree takes for the following wheat,
triticale with the average yield 2,97 t.ha-1
in the year 2014 with area of 3 530 ha, it is in
aproximatelly 14% of the structure of grain crop in organic agriculture. Than rye followed by
achieved in 2014 the average yield of 2,90 t.ha-1
and area of grown 2 392 ha, it is structure of
the grain in organic agriculture less than 10%.
Monitoring and evalution of wider range of varieties of winter wheat in organic and
conventional agriculture has been pursued in the Research station of the Department of Crop
production in Prague - Uhříněves since 1994. The results of experiments can help ecological
farmers in better orientation in available varieties and to facilitate the selection of a suitable
variety for their needs. Parts this long term activities is also my diploma thesis.
As expected, in general cultivars of conventionals wals of growing reached higher
yields in our experiment - cultivars Tobak (B) - 11,6 t.ha-1
, Gordian (B) a Matylda (A) - the
same yield 11,0 t.ha-1
and the most low yield was in cultivars Bohemia (A) - 9,6 t.ha-1
, Annie
(E) a Cimrmanova raná (E) - both the same 9,8 t.ha-1
.
In ecological system was discover the most high yield in cultivars Gordian (B) - 9,5
t.ha-1
a Tobak (B) - 9,3 t.ha-1
, the most low than in cultivars Bohemia (A) - 8,0 t.ha-1
,
Cimrmanova raná (E) - 8,2 t.ha-1
a Annie (E) - 8,5 t.ha-1
. It is therefore clear, that in both
type of system of cultivation reached the most high and the most low amount of yield the
same cultivars. But is important to say , that good amount of results reached cultivars Evina
and Fabina too. Both are from quality group of E (mostly in ecological type of economy).
Cultivars which reached in our attempts the best results of yield, had the samet he best results
of healty test and on arganic area was no flattened.
The evaluation of quality indicators showed that the conventional method of
cultivation, the highest N-content in dry matter corn varieties Annie (E) - 13.8% and
Cimrman's early (E) - 13.2%; lowest then Seladon varieties (B) and Vanessa (C) - the two
identically 10.7%. The organic way of growing the highest content of N in dry matter corn
varieties observed in Cimrman's early (E) and Eve (E) - two identically 11.6% and
immediately behind Annie (E) - 11.5%. The lowest content of N in dry matter showed grain
varieties Tobak (B) and Vanessa (C) - the two identically 9.7%. In both systems, the
cultivation is evident in consistent trend of gradual reduction of N in dry matter from grain
varieties of quality Group E (elite) to a variety of quality Group C (other unsuitable for baking
process).
In case of Zeleny test achieved in the conventional system the highest values variety
Annie (E) - and 60.2 ml Cimrman's early (57.3 mL); then the lowest varieties Vanessa (C) -
25.3 ml and KWS Ozon (C) - 29.7 ml. The organic way of cultivation had recorded the
highest value Zeleny test for early varieties Cimrman (E) - 55.8 ml and Fabius (E) - 47.0 ml,
the lowest varieties KWS Ozon (C) - 24.7 ml and Vanessa (C ) - 19.0 ml. As in the case of N
content in dry matter-grains is also here in both systems growing trend decrease values SBV
test of quality varieties of groups E to a variety of quality group C.
In the event that organic farmers farmed in similar environmental conditions, such as
those on the Department of Crop production in Praha-Uhříněves and sought food quality
wheat, it would be him on the basis of our results, we recommended eg. a variety of Eve and
Fabius (both from a quality group E) which reached both good quality and satisfactory yields
of grain (in the case of a significant focus on quality and variety Annie and Cimrman's early -
both also quality group E). In the case of preference revenue would be recommended
varieties, some varieties of quality group B, for example. Gordian and Tobak.
The work was completed at the end of a brief comparison of the economy growing
wheat in organic and conventional systems. From this comparison came out better ecological
wheat (despite significantly lower revenues), mainly due to the significantly higher price,
a higher total subsidies and lower variable costs.
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The Cultural Diferences among World Regions in Relation to Tourism
SAGAPOVA, Nikola
Bachelor´s thesis deals with analysis of cultural differences among world regions in relation to tourism. A field investigation was made to find out the preferences and needs of potencial czech tourists. Furthemore, also analysis on the base of controlled questioning and controlled interview was made to ascertain the cultural differences and specifics. On the basis of the ascertained datas, there were suggested some products, which could help the czech tourists in the field of getting know about the chosen culture.
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Analysis of computer games market in Czech Republic
Polák, Lukáš ; Koudelka, Jan (advisor) ; Stříteský, Václav (referee)
The main objective of the thesis is to describe situation on the current computer games market in Czech Republic and with use of own market research to reveal behavior, usage and preferences of consumers on this market. Based on this data significant market segments should be revealed and appropriate conclusions and recommendations useful for marketing communication should be given for them. Own market research is of quantitative character and is realized in form of Internet questionnaire. Data obtained from this questionnaire are analyzed with help of pivot tables in MS Excel. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 is used for uncovering market segments and expansion of their profiles. The output of the thesis is detection of 5 major market segments and formulation of basic recommendations on marketing mix level for each market segment.
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Legumes and problems with their higher consumption
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis deals with the class of legumes and the issue of their greater consumption. The theoretical part describes a class of legumes in general including some information about the production, cultivation, harvest and storage. This part also includes a description of the main species of legumes, their production, chemical structure, the content of anti-nutritional substances and the form of some culinary efforts. The thesis also summarises the most well-known legume products and their quality as well as the non-food products. The practical part uses the questionnaire survey to answer the questions of legume consumption, how favourite legumes are, and is looking for the cause of their low consumption. 309 respondents took part in this survey one boy younger than 15 years, 4 girls younger than 15 years, 21 men aged between 16 and 25 years, 159 women aged between 16 and 25, 19 men aged between 26 and 55 years, 82 women aged between 26 and 55 years, 13 men older than 56 years and 10 women older than 56 years. The analysis of the results constitutes graphs and tables. The results show that most of the respondents like legumes and 84% of them eat legumes once a month or even more often. Legumes are eaten mostly at home, as 79% of the respondents claimed. On the other hand, the respondents are not able to cook legumes so that they eliminate the excessive flatulence, as was claimed by 67% of the respondents. Because of this fact not only propagating legumes is important, but also providing some information how to cook it before consumption. Despite home consumption, as was claimed by the 84% of respondents, the respondents were given a question of their opinion on the amount of available legume food in restaurants. The results show that 48% of the respondents find the range of legume inadequate and assume they would eat legumes more often if the range of legumes was wider. 25% of the queried find the range wrong and despite the range extension they would not eat legumes in restaurants. 19% of the queried do not care about the situation at all or they are not provided by enough information. 9% of the respondents find the range of legumes adequate. The thesis also analysed the consumption differences between various age groups and gender and different preference between women and men. The statistic assessment was comparing the issues of my questionnaire survey including the statistic units executed in 2011. This statistic assessment executed the question n. 3, which dealt with the frequency of the legume consumption.
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Residential Care for the Elderly from the Perspective of Potential Clients
HONETSCHLÄGEROVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with accommodation services for the elderly in the region of České Budějovice. The aim of the thesis was to map out what residential services for the elderly in České Budějovice are preferred from the perspective of potential candidates. The secondary aim was to find out information on the basis of which the potential users of residential services decide on their use. Next, I tried to determine whether the inhabitants of the village of Borek prefer apartments in a house of special purpose before homes for the elderly, and whether they are aware of the differences between the two types of residential services. The theoretical part clarifies concepts that are related to this issue. Topics discussed in detail are the age, changes and needs in old age, self-sufficiency, mobility, disability, ageing of the population, social services in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on residential services for seniors. The theoretical part also mentions the issue of financing and planning of social services for the elderly in the South Bohemia region and in the territory of SO ORP České Budějovice. The practical part of the thesis describes the objectives and hypotheses, research methods and actual results. For finding information a quantitative research was chosen. I chose a method of querying through the questionnaire technique. The survey was conducted through direct contact. The research sample consisted of residents of the village Borek in age over 65 years. The results of the questionnaire showed that residents of the village would most use nursing homes of the residential services for the elderly. Most respondents would, in the case that they will be partially or completely self-sufficient turned to the family, or take advantage of support from the family in combination with field service. Furthermore, it was evident from the results that the inhabitants of the village of Borek know the differences between a home for the elderly and nursing home. When deciding on residential services for the elderly the biggest role played the quality, health status and price. This thesis can serve as an analytical material for the village of Borek as well as for planning of social services in the territory of SO ORP České Budějovice.
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Students of Special Pedagogy - Tutorship and their Voluntary Activities
MISAŘOVÁ, Romana
This bachelor thesis is concerned with volunteering activities of students of Special Education at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice. The introductory theoretical part describes the concept of altruistic activities, volunteering and their brief historical context. Later it focuses closely on more specific forms and areas of volunteering the personality and characteristics of a volunteer, his or her motivations and benefits. The non-profit sector is mentioned as a relevant part of our society in which volunteers are an all-important element. Specifically it describes the activities of a volunteer centre Hestia; eg. Which methods are being used to address individuals willing to participate in volunteering activities? Leaflets, handouts and recruitment operations are a suitable way of raising awareness as well as the use of nowadays very popular Internet and various social platforms. Young people and students are in this way informed about recent activities and offers for cooperation. A volunteer coordinator is usually in charge of recruitment. Each volunteer centre has a unique offer of programs that usually vary by area. They also have different target groups, different goals and methods of fulfilling those goals. The theoretical part deals with specific organisations, which allow volunteers to participate in their own desired ways. One such organisation residing in České Budějovice is ADRA; a centre which values and cares about its volunteers. People in need (Člověk v tísni) is yet another briefly mentioned organisation that runs on the initiative and passion of its volunteers and employees. Charita České Republiky (Charity of the Czech Republic) offers a wide variety of activities for people truly interested in volunteering. These individuals must, among other things, pass an interview and fill in a form. One of the well-known volunteer centre programs is the preventive Pět P Program (The Five P's Program) it is mentioned in the thesis among other programs of volunteering not only for students, but for anyone interested. International programs and programs abroad are listed as well, especially for young people who often crave new experiences. The last part of this study describes briefly the field of Special Education and the character of a pedagogue. Examples of specific activities that were directly supported by the Faculty of Health of the University of South Bohemia are given. The aim of this study is to determine which specific volunteering activities were most sought by the students of Special Education. Furthermore the study analyses the student's motives for participating in volunteering programmes. A quantitative research was used to fulfil this goal, specifically the use of printed questionnaires handed out to respondents. The research set consisted of 114 full time study respondents. Next chapter presents results in the form of charts and diagrams. These result show that less than 50% of respondent students participate in some form of volunteer activity. Their motivations range from a sole desire to gain new experiences to a wish to spend their leisure time in a meaningful way. Their volunteering activities are both short and long term and they in general prefer to get involved in health and social areas; they prefer working directly with clients in organisations or assisting with organising different types of leisure time activities and entertainment. The aim of this study was not only to identify the different reasons and motives behind volunteering participation, but also why some respondents choose not to participate. The most frequent reason appeared to be lack of sufficient information and a preference to invest one's free time in financially profitable activities. Less than 50% of respondents stated they would like to do some sort of volunteering activity in the future, namely to work with children or in health and social areas.
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Nutrition of children and adolescents with cancer
VLKOVÁ, Lucie
Diagnosis and treatment of these diseases are still significantly improving and it turns out that nutrition is a significant part of the outcome. But it can be sometimes difficult or even impossible for the patient to follow dietary guidelines. It's possible that patients can have problems with food intake, their taste can alter altogether, or some food can even raise the need to vomit. Furthermore, food doesn't fulfill just biological needs, but it's a significant for psychological needs, too. It's therefore necessary to look at this issue from broader point of view.The aim of this thesis was to describe the composition and serving methods of nutritious meals in various stages of treatment of children and adolescents with cancer, and to map the experiences as well as view of young patients, their families and their nursing staff on whether and how it is possible to meet the nutritional recommendations while satisfying taste preferences of children. I was looking for answers to two research questions: 1. How has the method of service and the composition of diet been changing throughout the treatment in order to maintain sufficient nutrition? 2. What are the views of young patients, their parents and their attending physicians on the possibilities of maintaining nutritional recommendations? The text is divided into two parts: theory and research. The theoretical part describes the Pediatric Oncology issues and the most common types of cancer in young patients, it also mentions the possibilities of prevention. Then this part deals with side effects of cancer therapy, changes in metabolism, malnutrition, cancer cachexia and anorexia. The biggest part is devoted to nutrition nutritional status assessment, nutritional needs and forms of nutritional support. The last section contains recommendations for situations with food intake complications and the ways of increasing the nutritional contents of diet. Due to complexity of the topic I chose a mixed research strategy, several different methods of collecting and processing of data as well as questioning of various groups of respondents. I was observing 45 oncology patients children and adolescents aged 4 to 18, who are undergoing treatment at the Clinic of Pediatric Oncology in Brno, their parents (7) and their nursing staff (2). The data processing method was qualitative and quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses, interviews content analysis, observation, creation of case study, calculations of menus from the program "Nutriservis Profesional". Results are presented in graphs, tables and plain text. It's divided into three subsections. The composition and method of serving the nutritional meals depends on the needs of patients, their age, diagnosis, treatment and complications, which occur in the course of treatment. It also depends on the cooperation of patients themselves and their families. Different approach is with adolescent patients and with children as well as when they're treated at home or in the hospital. At some stages it is necessary to adjust the nutritional diet to have an adequate nutrition, at other stages the nutritional support is in sipping and when there are complications, which accompany the treatment, the method of service is changed into oral, by probe, or parenterally. Keeping of dietary recommendations represent a significant problem for these patients, which are troubles with food intake during the treatment (95% of patients). Due to children's taste preferences are some forms of nutritional support rejected, even though they are able to maintain the nutritional recommendations. Both young patients as well as their parents have preference for children's taste rather than nutrition. There were some exceptions, however. Opinions of the nursing staff are the same it all depends on the attitude of patients themselves and their families.
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The eating habits of children with overweight / obese and normal weight
ŠIMKOVÁ, Simona
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis titled "Eating habits of overweight/obese and normal body weight children" was to find out how overweight/obese and normal body weight children abide by recommended healthy eating habits. The thesis is divided in two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. In the theoretical part, I describe basic terms regarding healthy eating habits for children. Furthermore, this part includes information about individual diet ingredients, about energy consumption and nutrients in various stages of children's development and about eating throughout the day. It also focuses on the issue of childhood obesity; it briefly covers eating disorders. The practical part focuses on mapping children´s eating habits. During the research, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized. The quantitative research was accomplished through a questionnaire on eating and physical activity preferences, where the respondents marked their frequency of various food consumption, how often they carry out certain physical activities, how often they watch television or use a computer. The qualitative research included data on weekly children's diets as well as their drinking regime (amount and kind of drink). The gathered data were evaluated using the Nutriservis professional and Microsoft Excel software. The processed data were interpreted in the form of text, graphs and tables. All the data were processed anonymously. The research sample was made up of 50 randomly selected respondents at 8 - 10 years of age, half of which (25 respondents) had a physiological weight and the other half (25 respondents) were obese/overweight. The respondents were selected based on the willingness of the children and their parents to cooperate. The questionnaires and forms used to record the food intake were distributed in schools in the Tábor district. Several children from Sezimovo Ústí also voluntarily participated. The data were gathered from February to March 2015. In total, 202 forms were distributed, out of which only 68 were used for the research purposes. Using percentile graphs, I evaluated each respondent´s weight based on their sex, height and age. According to the data in the weekly diet record I evaluated the intake of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and their drinking regime. Then I compared the gathered data with reference values for the given sex and age category. Furthermore, I compared the questionnaire answers to the diet record, which were continuously filled in by the respondents into the distributed forms. The research also evaluated regular physical activity, regular television watching and pc using. The gathered and evaluated data resulted in the fact that obese/overweight respondents take in too much energy and all macronutrients. The respondents with normal weight get optimal amount of energy, fats and carbohydrates. Protein intake is excessive even with the children with normal body weight. However, the average fiber intake is insufficient with all respondents. The overweight respondents´ drinking regime mostly consists of sweetened drinks; normal weight respondent's drinking regime mostly consists of non-sweetened drinks. The most significant problem of all overweight respondents was, therefore, excessive intake of sweetened drinks, higher intake of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates and low intake of fiber. The lack of physical activity also plays a big role. Some respondents have regular physical activity only at school, which is twice a week. Children with physiological weight abide by recommended healthy eating habits more than overweight/obese children, who have significantly excessive intake of energy and individual nutrients, excessive consumption drinks consumption.
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