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Early craniofacial and dental morphogenesis in bichir, P. senegalus
Kráľovič, Martin ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee) ; Černý, Robert (advisor)
Polypterid fishes are considered the basal-most group of extant actinopterygians and thus may serve as a direct link for understanding the evolution of the first bony fishes. Their embryonic and larval material, however, is extremely scarce what makes it difficult to study their developmental patterns and processes. This work of mine is based on several successful breedings of the bichir Polypterus senegalus that allowed me to analyse development of some 70 specimens at key developmental stages. I have focused my attention to the early morphogenesis of teeth and dentition on several locations within a developmental context of oropharyngeal cavity. Oropharyngeal cavity develops quite differently when compared to other vertebrate species: it arises by means of a schizocoeliclike split of epithelial layers and, moreover, the earliest mouth cavity seems to be strongly constrained by the presence of cement (attachment) glands. Mouth opening proceeds by development of new, enigmatic structures that I have entitled the epithelial bridges (Kralovic et al., 2009) and that might represent the ectoderm-endoderm border often judged to be essential for tooth initiation and patterning. I have described a pronounced delay in initiation of pharyngeal teeth when compared to the oral teeth, probably as a direct consequence...
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The palate shape and growth variability of patients with cleft palate
Plíhalová, Petra ; Strnadel, Tomáš (advisor)
Cleft lip and / or palate is one of the most common congenital defects ( CR 1 in 500 newborns) with significant involvement of genetic component in the etiology. They represent a serious disability face the consequences of aesthetic , functional and psychological . Anomalous growth and development of the facial skeleton causes the development of jaw and dental disorders. Orthodontic therapy , sometimes combined with Maxillofacial orthopedic lasts into adulthood and often ends prosthetic dořešením . Severe dysfunction is a speech disorder requiring intensive speech therapy and speech therapy . Comprehensive treatment of clefts is therefore necessarily multidisciplinary , long-term and costly , which also participates in programs focusing on prevention (genetics, teratology, epidemiology) and Research " ( Šmahel et al . , 2000). An important role is played by the analysis of origin of morphological changes ; the extent of the affected Primary growth insufficiency tissues , to what extent are the result of surgical procedures and when it is a result of the effect of altered functional relations. The findings are then confronted with the knowledge of the etiology and mechanisms of defects ( Tomanová , 1993). Anthropometric monitoring could also contribute to the estimation of genetic predispositions for the...
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Evolutionary and developmental aspects of dentition of squamate reptiles
Zahradníček, Oldřich ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Míšek, Ivan (referee) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
EVOLUTIONARY AND DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF DENTITION OF SQUAMATE REPTILES Summary of the PhD. thesis Dentition and its evolutionary modifications played important roles during the radiation of reptiles. It is generally accepted that a plesiomorphic state for reptiles is represented by homodont, polyphyodont dentition with conical or cylindroconical teeth. However, in contrast to mammalian dentition which is the object of intensive research, reptilian dentition is studied only rarely. I therefore focused on developmental and evolutionary aspects of squamate dentition and used histological, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods, computerised tomography, rentgenography and scanning electron microskopy. The goals of this work were as following: (a) to choose the model taxa representing squamate lineages relevant from a phylogenetic position as well as possessing dissimilar types of dental adaptations; (b) to evaluate using of these taxa as model species; (c) in these taxa describe basic odontogenic features. As a species with generalized dentition gecko Paroedura picta was chosen, the up coming reptilian model species with features also present in a wide spectrum of other lizards. I focused mainly on the developmental differences between teeth of the null and functional generations, development...
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Project of Establishing a Private Dental Surgery
Dolečková, Anna ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jankůj, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to work out a business plan for dental surgery, BlackDental Ltd., which has decided to change its place of work to a new and larger non-residential place in Ústí nad Labem. Dr. Evžen Černý has decided to expand his company to two dental hygiene clinic. This step intends to provide hid clients with comprehensive services to address specific needs of patients by using modern technology. From the individual analysis and financial plan figure, the company is financially healthy and it is able to meet all its commitments and to amass a relatively large amount of capital already in the following period. Thus it is able to invest in any technology innovation and expansion of its activities. We can say that the business plan can be assessed as healthy, with good perspectives for further development of this company.
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Bioarcheologie středověké populace střední Evropy: vztah zdravotního stavu, sociální diferenciace a výživy.
Kaupová, Sylva ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Smrčka, Václav (referee) ; Polet, Caroline (referee)
We studied the dietary behavior and health status of a population that lived in the context of rapid change, including the development of the economic and political structures of states, the adoption of Christianity as well as the subsequent disruption of social structure and the recovery of society. Carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotopic values were measured in a sample of 189 adult individuals of both sexes and 74 animals representing different socio-economic contexts (power centers versus the hinterlands) and chronology: the Great Moravian (9th -10th century AD) versus late Hillfort (11th century AD) period. A sample of 41 sub-adults aged 0-6 years, representative of both Great Moravian power centers (Mikulčice) and its rural hinterlands (Josefov), was selected for isotopic analyses of breastfeeding and weaning behavior. Data on growth and frequency of nonspecific stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and endocranial lesions) were analyzed in a sub-adult group. In adults, we focused on dental health (caries, periapical lesions, dental wear, and periodontal disease), the presence of cribra orbitalia and estimated adult stature. Isotopic data of the adult sample showed that the Great Moravian population had a terrestrial diet with a substantial proportion of C4 plants....
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Alimentary intake of fluoride in preschool children in dental caries prevention
Oganessian, Edgar ; Broukal, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Štípek, Stanislav (referee) ; Veverka, Jan (referee)
The primary prevention of dental caries includes the regular reduction of dental plaque, the adequate nutrition with reduced frequency of sugar intake and the application of topical and/or alimentary fluorides. The caries-protective effect of fluorides is based on the stabilization of demineralization/remineralization processes in the surface of teeth. The alimentary fluoride intake involves its nutritional sources, fluoride supplements when administered and unintentionally swallowed fluoride toothpastes. The fluoride intake, besides its verifiable and significant contribution to the control of cariogenic conditions in the oral cavity, brings some risk in the period of permanent teeth development. That is why the fluoride intake in childhood ought to be well set up and controlled for achieving the maximum benefit in caries reduction and for minimizing the risk for the enamel development. The assessment on fluoride content in its most significant nutritional sources and the model estimates of fluoride intake in preschool children have been conducted with the aim at contributing the solution of the benefit/risk strategy of fluoride caries prevention. The fluoride content was estimated in bottled waters for preschool children, in instant milk formulas, in herbal teas for children and in instant products of...
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Production technology of dental composite
Menčík, Přemysl ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the development and processing of the device useful for pulling and cutting of dental fiber reinforced composite prepreg. The main goal was the designing, assembling and testing of the device and making of the technical documentation of its all components. Furthermore, the developed apparatus was implemented and tested in the industrial production.
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Microstructure of a tribosphenic molar - comparative analysis
ŠPOUTIL, František
The proposed thesis concerns in the study of tribosphenic molar, the key apomorphy of mammalian clade, mainly in structure and development of its enamel coat. As the main model species served us European vespertilionid bat Myotis myotis. The aims of this thesis are: (1) to describe structure and microstructure of enamel in tribosphenic molars in detail; (2) to compare it with unicuspid teeth of the same dentition; (3) to describe mineralization process and enamel maturation in insectivorous dentition; (4) to describe late odontogenesis in molars of insectivorous dentition and its interlacing with enamel maturation, and how they come to occlusion.
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Health insurance and additional insurance above standard care
DUBSKÁ, Linda
We could define healthcare as a system of specialized medical institutions and activities that focus on public health care and are used to meet the healthcare needs of the population. The main source of healthcare funding is health insurance that covers approximately 77 %. Health insurance is based on Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms and it is based on several principles. About 3.8 % of the costs from the state budget goes to healthcare. Private resources are another source of funding, including regulatory fee, additional charge for medicines and dental products and recently introduced additional charge for above-standard services. The share of the participation of the insured persons is low and it is only the additional form of the funding. However, its importance is increasing nowadays. Healthcare is also funded by other resources which are marginal only and they account for negligible 1 % of income. These include charity donations and charitable contributions Healthcare funding is currently a problem with global dimensions. This is mainly due to the progress and new medical technologies as their offer exceeds the economic capacity of all countries. The reform of Czech healthcare was performed to ensure the financial stability of the system and keeping costs at an acceptable level. One part of the reform efforts is rationalization of healthcare demand using the introduction of the regulatory fees and thus obtaining new resources, too. The reform also introduced the so-called above-standard services, i.e. economically more expensive healthcare alternatives, which are supposed to obtain more private resources into the system. Czech Republic citizens can use basic healthcare funded by statutory health insurance and also the above-standard services for which they must pay extra money. These include for example the possible use of higher quality materials necessary for the treatment (economically more expensive health care alternative), your choice of physician - surgeon, above-standard equipped rooms during hospitalization etc. If the insured person chooses economically more expensive alternative, he is legally obligated to pay the difference between the prices of this alternative and economically cheaper alternative. The list of the above-standard services currently contains 18 items and should continue to grow. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the current legislation of this issue and in particular to determine whether the respondents are willing to use the supplementary insurance to receive above-standard services. There is outlined the historical development of health insurance, health insurance principles and its institutional provision in the theoretical part. The attention is paid to the expenses that flow to the Czech healthcare and there is briefly described healthcare systems functioning in selected countries for international comparison. Conclusion of the theoretical part contains information about the above-standard services issue and about the attitude of the Czech insurance companies to the option of additional insurance of this healthcare. The practical part of the thesis is a critical examination of the interest of the insured persons to in using the above-standard healthcare and furthermore whether the respondents consider the possibility of a private insurance for the event of excessive cost needs and what forms and types of healthcare they prefer. Data were collected using the quantitative research and querying method. There were set 3 research hypotheses.
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