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Legal transformations and changes in the legal forms of business corporations in accounting
Velková, Jaroslava ; Seidl, Ladislav (advisor) ; Čermáková, Helena (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is legal transformations and changes in the legal forms of business corporations in accounting. The theoretical part first presented all kinds of transformations of business corporations, such as merging business corporations, the distribution business corporations, change of legal form of business corporations and cross-border transfer. Theoretical part also presented preparation for the transformation of business corporations. At the end of theoretical part there are accountant contexts which include accounting obligations according to law about transformations of business companies and cooperatives and according to the Civil Code, transformations according to accounting regulations and finally the most important context of accounting obligations for transformations. In the practical part is a model example to illustrate the merger by using the accountant statements.
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Proposal of Procedures for the Transformation of Accounting Data to the Tax Base in Accordance with the CCCTB
Kuchařová, Ivana ; Valder, Antonín (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Globalisation as well as on-going integration make the authorities accelerate their harmonisation and approximation efforts not only in the field of accounting and book-keeping -- to secure harmonised interpreting of books -- but also in respect of international business entities' corporate tax. My dissertation describes the efforts of the European Commission towards full harmonisation of the process of determining the corporate tax base in respect of business entities formed as supranational groups of businesses registered in various EU member states or in combination of members from the EU and the third countries. The pending harmonisation should prevent the said entities from aggressive tax "optimisation" in the course of which they transfer their tax base to countries with the lowest income tax and abuse gaps and incomprehensiveness of tax regulation in individual EU member states. Such practice may, in some cases, result in double non-taxation thus further reducing the income of EU member states' already suffering public budgets. The EU has recognized the need to implement measures to stop this practice and will take action. One of the measures that should lead to an improvement in tax collection is the fastest introduction of a common consolidated tax base for corporate income (Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base). The genesis, structure and characterization of CCCTB has become a crucial part of the theoretical background research. Other issues that arise in connection with the introduction of the common consolidated tax base and which are addressed in this work are as follows - what similarities and differences are there between the European and national rules on accounting and taxes, which procedures will be used for a transformation of the initial accounting data presented in accordance with the national legislation to the European tax base and what impact will have these transformation processes on the final amount of the tax base.
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Consolidated financial statements
Špínová, Kateřina ; Seidl, Ladislav (advisor) ; Zdena, Zdena (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the topic of consolidated financial statement. In the introduction to the theoretical part I explain the terminology concerning accounting in general. It covers what accounting actually is, which laws and standards regulate it, who is obliged to keep the accounts, and it explains terms like financial statement and its components, inventory taking, and other topics.
The second section of the theoretical part presents the notion of the consolidated financial statement, and also introduces the concept of the consolidated accounting entity. I describe the rules for compiling consolidated financial statements according to the Czech legal norms as well as International Financial Reporting Standards. Some of the International Financial Reporting Standards which relate to the consolidated financial statements are described in more detail and compared in some respects with Czech legal norms. Subsequently, I characterize the methods of consolidation, consolidation rules,
and the content definition of consolidated financial statement items.
The practical part performs the calculation of consolidated financial statements on a model example, using the full method of consolidation.
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Assessment of the Closing the Books Procedures in the Czech Republic and Poland
Tacinová, Jolanta ; Lörinczová, Enikö (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
The thesis presents the evaluation and comparison of processes of the financial statements preparation in the Czech Republic and Poland. It is divided into several parts. In the first - theoretical part there are presented the current laws related to the accounting systems valid in the respective countries. There are also defined the financial statements contents according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the second part, which is practical, the processes of the financial statements preparation based on the internal directives and financial statements are described. On the specific examples of the real accounting cases the difference between the accounting approaches according to either Czech law or Polish law or IFRS is pointed out. In addition there is also outlined the realized process of IFRS implementation in the Fixed Assets area.
In the following part the partial processes are evaluated and the problematic areas formulation and presentation of the proposals for improvement is made.
The final part is dedicated to the Czech and Polish accounting and reporting principles comparison.
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Assessment of Financial Statements and the Closing of Books in a Chosen Company
Mála, Václav ; Lörinczová, Enikö (advisor) ; Radim, Radim (referee)
This diploma thesis evaluates the proces of closing accounts in a chosen company. In the theoretical part of the thesis are described legal regulations governing the area of the financial statements and book closing proces and the theoretical basis. In the practical part of the thesis is decribed a specific company and the progression of selected data from the balance sheet and profit and loss account since the launch of the company. In this thesis was accomplished the analysis of the financial situation of the company. Based on the financial analysis are recommended measures. In the next part of thesis is described the process of the financial statements and the stages of the preparation works preceding the closing of accounts. In the next part of thesis is described process of the closing of each account and the process of financial statements. In the conclusion is reviewed the financial statements process in chosen company and the recommendations.
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Comparison of Accounting and Tax Asspects of Financial Lease and Acquision of Fixed Tangible Assets with Bank Loan
Procházka, Tomáš ; Stárová, Marta (advisor) ; Martina, Martina (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses a long-term tangible asset and its financing possibilities, especially the possibilities of financing from sources that are not owned by the company. That means mainly financial lease, operating lease and loan.
The theoretical part is based on the studied literature that describes the laws that must be followed when negotiating lease or a loan.
The thesis furthermore describes the history of financial lease, as well as the functioning of financial lease and classification of financial lease.
Much of the bachelor thesis is devoted to highlighting the distinction between financial lease with the obligation to purchase the object of leasing and financial lease with option to purchase the object of leasing. This topic is devoted to a large piece of the practical part, where everything is explained by using a model example.
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Accountig Treatment of Specific Cases in Limited Liability Company in CR
Červinková, Barbora ; Stárová, Marta (advisor) ; Seidl, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the accounting practises of specific cases in business company, specifically in the limited liability company in accordance with Czech law. The work describes the characteristics of this legal form, the conditions for the establishment and creation, organizational structure, the relationships between the company and shareholders and capital operations with a focus on the economic outcome. The practical part analyses concrete limited liability company, starting with the performance of the company by using the basic data, open the accountancy books and accounting processes in the concrete limited liability company. The central part of practical part is compile summary of the structure of property, sources of financing, income and expenses resulting from the balance sheet and the profit and loss account for the reference period. The end of this bachelor thesis is evalueting the situation and compare the ascertained results.
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Revenue Recognition under IFRS in Comparison with Czech Legal Regulation
Dusíková, Klára ; Stárová, Marta (advisor) ; Lörinczová, Enikö (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on comparing the revenues reporting according to international financial reporting standards IFRS and according to the Czech legislation. The main aim of this work is to analyze the problems of these two accounting frameworks and then show these differences by using the sample examples. The theoretical part is focused on the understanding of the revenue reporting according to international accounting standards IFRS and according to Czech accounting adjustments; it is pointed out on the forthcoming standard IFRS 15. The practical part of this thesis is devoted to the provided examples.
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Comparison of Financial Statements Compiled according to interational standards IFS and Czech Legal Regulaions
Musilová, Barbora ; Stárová, Marta (advisor) ; Kristýna, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor thesis is comparing the differences between the financial statements prepared according to the Czech accounting legislation and financial statements conducted in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). First part is focusing on familiarization with IFRS, with the financial statements prepared by IRFS, financial statements assembled by Czech accounting legislation, and with tangible fixed assets. Second part is addressing the issues presented on the completed financial statement, a balance sheet, as well as the differences between a balance sheet prepared in accordance with IFRS and according to Czech legislation.
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Comparison of Principles and Methods of IFRS and Czech Accounting Regulations
Vdoviak, Marián ; Stárová, Marta (advisor) ; Lenka, Lenka (referee)
The subject of the thesis is comparison comparison of principles and methods of
International financial reporting standards and Czech accounting regulations. The first part
describes the history and development of IFRS, principals and last but not least the process
of harmonization IFRS and European legislation. Further are described assumptions for
recognition of each elements of financial statements, their valuation and reporting. At the
conclusion of this chapter is devoted to the new IFRS 15 Revenues from contracts with
customers, defining a new model for revenue recognition. The second part is focused on a
specific practical examples, on which is demonstrated difference in the recognition, using
various systems.
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