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Resolving of insolvency of business corporations trough bankruptcy
Marková, Martina ; Civínová, Denisa (advisor) ; Klára, Klára (referee)
The presented thesis tries to introduce the reader to the course of the insolvency proceedings, especially in bankruptcy proceedings. The theoretical part mainly discussed about the meaning and history of this institute, further aspects necessary for the commencement of insolvency proceedings and then there is described in more concise form the additional course up to the decision on the debtors bankruptcy. Subsequently, the author deals with the consequent procedure in cases where the debtors bankruptcy is solved by bankruptcy. Describes the course, focusing primarily on the sale of the debtors property and its subsequent allocation among the creditors until its conclusion, which is the submission of the final report by the insolvency administrator of the court, its subsequent approval and distribution schedule. In the practical part of the thesis the theoretical knowledge mentioned above is applied to the selected insolvency case of business corporation. In this part there are also pointed some potential problems and complexities that arose in this case. There is also described and analyzed the entire insolvency proceedings from filing an insolvency petition to the preparation of the final report by the insolvency administrator, that is the stage where the proceedings took place on the date of submission of this work. Furthermore, the author discusses the development and the number of insolvency proceedings in our country since 2008 when the new legislation of this institute came into force. On the same principle, the author also deals with the analysis of the most common types of obligations of business corporations.
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Ethics in business and corporate social responsibility
Novotná, Kateřina ; Šálková, Daniela (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma work considering Business ethics and social responsibility of companies discusses a contemporary topic. The work is separated into several parts. The applied part of the work is based on literary research of selected literature, and deals with business ethics and responsibility of companies that deal with bus traffic and truck transport in actual business practice. The applied part was done by comparing four selected criteria that are linked to corporate responsibility of companies. All of the presented subjects have been dealing with helping people and groups of people for at least ten years, especially to those who need help due to health disorders at being included in normal, everyday life like healthy people, participate in all kinds of sports, culture and social activities. The presented companies and other subjects have been showing for many years how important their help is. The final part of the work contains twenty-five recommendations aimed at expansion of social responsibility of companies.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Assessment of in vitro antioxidant properties of medicinal and edible plant extracts
Tauchen, Jan ; Kokoška, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jaromír , Jaromír (referee)
Identification and characterization of plant-based products with antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects has received much interest over the past few years as possible therapeutic mean for treatment of diseases likely to be associated to oxidative stress (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer). This study provides characterization of in vitro antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative potential and phytochemical profile of (i) 39 wine samples of underutilized Georgian grapevine cultivars, (ii) extracts of 22 samples of medicinal plants from Ethiopia and (iii) 23 samples of edible and medicinal plants from Peruvian Amazon. For this purpose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, total phenolic content (TPC), and cell viability assay based on metabolization of tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan, together with methods based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ultra violet/visible spectrometry and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry) were used. Georgian red wines (particularly Saperavi cultivars) exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (average DPPH and ORAC values at 5.1 and = 10.6 g TE/L wine, respectively) in comparison to Central and West European cultivars [Pinot Noir (DPPH = 3.1 and ORAC = 9.4 g TE/L wine), Cabernet Sauvignon (DPPH = 3.0 and ORAC = 7.3 g TE/L wine) and Cabernet Moravia (DPPH = 2.0 and ORAC = 8.5 g TE/L wine)]. Georgian wines contained significantly greater concentrations of quercetin (between 14.44 and 1.07 ug/mL), kaempferol (between 1.68 and 0.03 ug/mL) and syringic acid (between 12.59 and 4.72 ug/mL), whereas possessed lower quantities of resveratrol (between 5.11 and 0.32 ug/mL) in comparison to Central and West European wines. Amongst edible and medicinal plants from Ethiopia and Peruvian Amazon, only Dodonaea angustifolia (IC50 for DPPH = 22.2 ug/mL, ORAC = 767.6 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 120.0 ug/mL), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 50.5 ug/mL), Inga edulis (DPPH and ORAC = 337.0 and 795.7 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 36.3 and 57.9 ug/mL) and Oenocarpus bataua (DPPH and ORAC = 903.8 and 1024.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 102.6 and 38.8 ug/mL) have demonstrated combinatory antioxidant/anti-proliferative efficacy. Selective anti-proliferative activity was observed for Verbascum sinaiticum (IC50 for Hep-G2 = 80.6 ug/mL) and Annona montana (IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 2.7 and 9.0 ug/mL, respectively). Above-mentioned plant material showed only weak or non-toxic effects towards normal cell line. Despite the fact that extracts of Jasminum abyssinicum (IC50 for DPPH = 26.3 ug/mL, ORAC = 1023.7 ug TE/mg extract), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract), Mauritia flexuosa (DPPH and ORAC = 1062.9 and 645.9 ug TE/mg extract), Myrciaria dubia (DPPH and ORAC = 641.9 and 642.6 ug TE/mg extract) and Theobroma grandiflorum (DPPH and ORAC = 714.8 and 821.9 ug TE/mg extract) have exhibited considerable antioxidant effect, these species were found to possess moderate to low anti-proliferative potential or have shown to be toxic to normal cells line. In all cases it was detected that phenolic compounds content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity, however weakly with anti-proliferative effect. Results suggest above-mentioned species as prospective materials for further development of novel plant-based agents effective against oxidative stress related diseases. However, it is necessary to perform further research which would be focused on detailed characterization of their chemical composition, pharmacological effects and toxicological safety, in order to verify their possible practical use.
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Utilization of biological and chemical amelioration treatments for restoration of anthropogenic degraded locality near Boleboř village in Ore Mts.
Kouba, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor)
This dissertation contains evaluation of the growth dynamics and nutritional status of tree species plantations after application of biological and chemical amelioration treatments, impact of trees on quality of soil and on the accumulation of surface humus. There were evaluated: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Birch (Betula spp.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), Gray alder (Alnus incana Moench.), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), Eastern White pine (Pinus strobus L.) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.).
On 4 research plots in Boleboř (Ore Mts.) was measured height, thickness of root collar, breast-height diameter. Were taken samples of soil, weed and assimilation apparatus. There was determined yellowing, browsing, plants mortality and calculated amount of accumulated surface humus.
Application of fertilizer Silvamix Forte on spreading windrows reduced mortality and increased increment for the first 3 years, the effect is evident even after 10 years. It was not confirmed the attractiveness of plants for wildlife after Silvamix Forte application. Silvamix Mg fertilizer application had minimal effect on the growth dynamics and nutrient contents in needles. Positively impacted soil characteristics, increased the value of the cation exchange capacity, decrease in hydrolytic acidity, increase the saturation of sorption bases, decrease of aluminium ions Al3+ and decrease of Fe2O3. On fertilized plots increased content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, increase of the total supply of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium. The rapid increase in the content of Ca and Mg is related to the liming in 2002. Fertilizer application significantly supported the development of ground-weed on plots of Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch, while in pure stands of Colorado blue spruce led to a reduction in aboveground biomass.
For the Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch plot compared with only Colorado blue spruce plot were documented favourable soil properties, increased supply of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Rowan tree on an intact soil surface exhibits the lowest reaction pH as humus and in the mineral, high hydrolytic acidity, extremely sorption unsaturated soil state, high content of ion Al3+ and low content of available calcium, although was applied liming. Technical and biological reclamation (Boleboř III.) has a long-term positive effect on the average height and breast-height diameter of Colorado blue spruce and white pine. The growth dynamics of European larch and Lodgepole pine were affect only at the beginning. Meliorated stand of Gray Alder has very good growth dynamics, comparable with Larch and Lodgepole pine. The big problem is the game impact, especially in Lodgepole pine, which led to the destruction of all individuals. Colorado Blue spruce in terms of biological reclamation is totally inappropriate. This Spruce has reduced resistance to abiotic factors, which often suffer uprooting and breakage. During the 21 years the Clorado Blue spruce mixed with birch accumulated of 66,09 t.ha-1 humus matter with better properties also in the deeper horizon. Colorado Blue spruce accumulated 54,11 t.ha-1 of humus matter. Rowan tree accumulated on the intact soil largest amount of humus matter (194,98 t.ha-1), however acidifies the deeper horizons. The stand of Norway Spruce occurred during the reporting period a decrease of 47% to 107,03 t.ha-1. The decline may be associated with more open stand and due to air liming.
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Bionomics and physiology of stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridida)
Rybanská, Dagmar ; Ryšánek, Pavel (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
The infestation of foodstuffs by mites is connected to health risks and economic losses. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) is a cosmopolitan generalist feeder that prefers foodstuffs of high-fat and high-protein content. The stored product mite T. putrescentiae is an emerging and predominant pest of dry dog food. It is an emerging source of allergens in stored products and homes. The results of this study have important implications for predictive models of stored-product mite populations in dry dog food. High-fat and -protein food accelerated T. putrescentiae population growth compared with the high-carbohydrate diet.
The results increase the medical importance of the mite allergens detected in the feces. The cocktail of allergens, i.e. feces covering chitin, mite allergens and bacterial toxins, represent high risks for the mammalian immune system. The association of the mite with Bacillus cereus is to the medical importance.
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The effect of housing system on egg shell quality and egg internal quality
Vlčková, Jana ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Skřivanová, Eva (referee)
In the study 3 experiments were carried out. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate performance of laying hens, quality of air in poultry house, and microbial contamination of the eggshell in laying hens kept under blue, green, red, and yellow light colour in enriched cages. The laying performance characteristics (hen-day egg production, mortality, and egg weight) were not affected by light colour. Similarly, microbial contamination of the air was not significantly different related to the light colour. There were significant interactions in eggshell contamination between cage floor and light colour in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. The highest number of Escherichia coli was detected in eggs from hens housed in the middle floor given yellow light and the lowest values on the upper floor also under yellow light colour. Similar results were observed in Enterococcus. The results of our study indicate that the light colour has a minor effect on microbial contamination but the significant influence was in the floor position. The highest microbial egg contamination was found on eggs from the middle floor.
In the second experiment, the effect of housing system (conventional cage, litter, aviary) and feed calcium content (3,0 and 3,5%) on laying performance characteristics, technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell and egg content during storage was evaluated. The significant interaction between housing system and feed calcium content was found in egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell percentage, eggshell weight, Haugh units and albumen index. The housing system affected egg production, feed intake, egg weight and some characteristics of eggshell quality. From characteristics of eggshell quality the feed calcium content affected only eggshell strength and eggshell percentage. The significant interaction between housing system and storage time was found in contamination of eggshell by total number of microorganisms. The housing system affected also contamination of the eggshell where higher number of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms were in eggs from litter. Higher penetration of all monitored species of microorganisms on the eggshell membranes was 2nd and 7th day of storage in the group with 3.5% of calcium in the feed mixture in eggs from the litter. This could be associated with lower quality of eggshell in this type of housing.
In the experiment 3, the effect of different housing system (enriched cage, free range) on technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell, egg content and concentration of protein in albumen during storage was observed. The housing system affected all characteristics of eggshell quality with higher values in cage system. Higher number of pores in eggshell was found in free range. The important relationship between housing system and storage time was indicated in Haugh unit, albumen index, pH albumen and yolk index. The values for characteristics quality of albumen and yolk were better in eggs from cages. Their quality during storage decreased faster in alternative housing systems. There was detected interaction between housing system and storage time also in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and total number of microorganisms. The highest microbial contamination in fresh eggs was found in free range. The number of microorganisms with storage time significantly decreased faster in eggs from cage system. The penetration of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms in albumen was lower in eggs from cage compared to free range. The significant effect of housing system was found in concentration of lysozyme in albumen with higher values in egg from free range. It is obvious that a better quality of the eggs is in the cage housing system. The eggs from this type of housing also remain during storage for longer time in better quality compared with alternative housing systems.
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Assessment of Factors Influencing Wear Resistance of Metallic Materials
Cieslar, Jiří ; Brožek, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis investigates the suitable chemical composition of a iron alloy with improved wear resistance. A unique set of alloys with a specifically designated chemical composition was manufactured for experiments. Their properties in defined abrasive conditions was studied in laboratory conditions. Wear resistance was determined on an experimental bench with bound particles. Material properties description was always complemented with information gained during material metallographic structure investigations. All the results were compared with results achieved for commercially available weld deposition materials (specifically designated for abrasion conditions). These (weld deposition) materials were subjected to an identical set of laboratory experiments and additionally to a set of experiments under inservice conditions.
This thesis offers new knowledge about the relationship between material hardness, material structure and wear resistance. The outlined results also give evidence about the correlation between results gained under laboratory conditions and those gained under in-service conditions (in relation to material structure and hardness).
At the end of the thesis the knowledge gained from these experiments is applied to a specific application the service life extension of plough blade segments. On this basis a new material is designed which will extend service life without additional demands on the costs, and the approach to the renovation of worn plough blade segments is justified.
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The effect of long-term fertilizers application on soil chemical properties, plant species composition and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of grasslands
Zemková, Lenka ; Pavlů, Vilém (advisor) ; Hakl, Josef (referee)
Fertilization and liming of grasslands have been used as an instrument improving hay production for centuries. For a long period of time, these practices not only sustained and increased hay yields, but also had negative effects on grassland ecosystems. Among others, they caused considerable changes in plant species composition leading in most cases to the reduction of species richness due to a lower capability of indigenous plants to compete with more productive pasture species. Furthermore these practices caused changes in soil and biomass chemical properties and shifts of soil microbial communities, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the responses of plant and mycorrhizal community and soil chemical properties in grassland ecosystems to long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Results of this work indicate that agricultural management practices aimed at maximization of hay production may, in the long run, significantly increased hay yield, reduce plant species richness, promote grasses but suppress herbs, legumes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil although the response to phosphorus varied among different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa. Long-term fertilization also significantly changed soil chemical properties and considerably reduced belowground carbon storage.
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Behavioural selection criteria for Czech police puppies to assess their chances of certification.
Hradecká, Lenka ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The project based on behavioural tests of 7 week old German Shepherd puppies performed in police kennel in Prackovice nad Labem and Domažlice. The project focused on verification of the usability and improvement of the selection of puppies using behavioural test. We tested the possibility of environmental effect (presence of shooting range near the kennel Domažlice) on the later success of puppies in the behavioural test. The aim of the project was collecting additional data which were use to improve and verify procedure for early selection of puppies. We checked the possibility of habituation breeding females and their puppies to noise, including monitoring of the different environments in the kennels in. It was found that different results are affected by of their mothers. This means that puppies raised by mothers from the police kennel near shooting range are better evaluated later in the disciplines of evaluating response to noise compared with pups from mothers of police kennel without shooting range. Worse response to noise had pups from litters with a higher number of pups.
Reviews summarizing the literature on heritability of behavioural traits in dogs have been published repeatedly over the last four decades. The conclusions of these reviews vary to some extent. We applied meta-analysis and re-evaluated the literature available collecting 47 references dealing with heritability of behavioural traits in domestic dogs. For each study included, data was extracted for individual behavioural traits. Each of these traits was entered into the analysis as a separate unit of measure, giving a total of 1761 measures. We classified the traits measured in each study into five functional categories (Environment, Herding, Hunting, Play, and Psychical characteristic). The metaanalysis has shown low general heritability of the categorised behavioural traits analysed. Thus, the commonly used behaviour tests for many breeds, to determine the dog's eligibility for reproducing, traditionally required by many associations, is not supported by the present results of the meta-analysis.
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