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Nové postupy biomonitoringu cizorodých látek ve vodním prostředí
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
Within the presented work, several approaches of biomonitoring were studied. A well-established method for human health risk assessment was applied to evaluate the quality of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic. As this work is targeted on sport fishermen, who frequently consume their own catches, besides the publication in scientific journal, a brochure with results of this study was distributed via the Czech Fishing Union. Health risks for consumers related to the consumption of wild fish were found strongly species and locality dependent. As there is no risks related with the consumption of carp (Cyprinus carpio) at all investigated sites, frequent consumption of predatory fish should be avoided at some fishing grounds. The use of passive samplers has become more and more attractive in the last two decades. As these devices are able to mimic the biological uptake of chemicals, their potential for replacing fish as bioindicators in routine biomonitoring programmes is evident. In our study, the comparison between analysis of fish tissues and POCIS extracts from selected sampling sites confirms this idea about interchangeability of these indicators in the case of PFASs as target pollutants. Moreover, no metabolic transformation of contaminants present in water take place in passive samplers contrary to living organisms, thus these reflect the actual contamination at the locality more precisely. The use of passive samplers completely fulfils the internationally accepted principles of Replacement, Reduction, Refinement (the three R´s). Another promising approach using YOY fish as bioindicators was evaluated within the present study. Multispecies samples of YOY fish homogenate was found as a better indicator for wide range of pollutants than muscle tissue of adult fish within one species from the same locality. As all inner organs and tissues are presented in analysed samples, more target pollutants in higher concentrations are detected compared to the muscle of adults. Besides the higher sensitivity in pollutants detection and quantification, practical and economic benefits are of concern in the case of the YOY fish approach. The YOY fish approach also particularly fulfil the three R´s strategy, as sampling of this age group of fish has a smaller impact on the environment than the sampling of adults. In case of mercury, that was found as a limiting contaminant for the consumption of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic, a nonlethal method of finclips sampling can be used for the monitoring of this compound in aquatic environments. Besides the monitoring, our optimised method for the estimation of muscle tissue concentrations could be used for human health risk assessment as well. The difference between real muscle concentrations and concentrations estimated using our method differs less than 10% in most of the investigated localities. Benthic organisms are an important part of the food web in aquatic environments, but insufficient information about its contamination is available. In another study included in this thesis, first evidence about bioaccumulation of certain pharmaceuticals in benthic organisms was described. Although, pharmaceuticals are generally considered to be not accumulative in organisms, our study proved that certain pharmaceuticals have bioaccumulation potential. From this finding, it is evident that not only the concentrations of pharmaceutical dissolved in water but also the diet represents an important exposure pathway of contamination by these compounds for organisms (fish) inhabiting aquatic environments.
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New cryoprotectives in preservation of potentially probiotic bacteria of Bifidobacterium genus using freeze-drying procedure
Vrabcová, Petra ; Killer, Jiří (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are especially used in the dairy and pharmaceutical industry. They are present in the form of viable cells in pro(syn)biotic fermented milk, dried and freeze-dried products for its positive effects on the health. Lyophilization represents one of the widely used methods for long-term preservation of bifidobacteria. The lyophilization process is challenging, but very needed, and for this reason it is still necessary to explore new cryo(lyo)protective substances, which protect the microbial cultures more effectively before the negative effects of cryopreservation and lyophilization.
The aim of the thesis was to test the various mixtures of substances containing specific oligosaccharides, which have prebiotic properties, from the point of view of their potential cryo(lyo)protective effect of lyophilization process. For the purposes of the study, twelve bifidobacterial strains of human and animal origin were selected. As a potential cryo(lyo)protectives were used solutions on the basis of 5x concentrated TPY medium with addition of FOS, 10% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and the solution on the basis of porcine gastric mucin. Number of viable cells was determined in lyophilisates enriched by the concrete solutions in the time intervals (30 days, 3 months and 6 months) after lyophilization and compared with the control lyophilized samples (fresh cultures without the additive solutions). The potential cryo(lyo)protective effectiveness of 5x concentrated TPY medium solution has been demonstrated only in B. boum, B. breve, B. longum subsp. infantis a Bombiscardovia coagulans, where decreased the number of viable cells about four orders of magnitude. The potential cryo(lyo)protective effectiveness in 10% FOS solution was found only in B. thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum and Bombiscardovia coagulans, where was found half the number of viable cells. The highest potential cryo(lyo)protective effectiveness was observed for a solution on the basis of porcine gastric mucin. The highest number of viable cells was demonstrated in B. animalis subsp. lactis, B. boum, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum and B. thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum lyophilisates using this potential cryo(lyo)protective solution.
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New findings in horse phylogeny
Kardošová, Kristína ; Majzlík, Ivan (advisor) ; Hofmanová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis deals phylogenetic developement of the horse since its origin until the present. Describes fossil horses, formation processes and conservation. Shows the most famous paleontological localities, where they were found fossil bones or fragments. Explains methods of investigation, such as determining the age of radiocarbon dating or electron spin resonance and analysis ancient DNA. Family equidae is taxonomically classified based on their evolutionary series. Relations between taxa are also shown in the diagrams - phylogenetic trees or cladogram, which are structured according to morphological and molecular data. It also mentions order Perrisodactyla, their evolution, radiation and new taxonomic classification. The main part is devoted to phylogeny equidae. It describes morphological changes due to adaptive specializations, including mainly limbs (extension their parts and reduction fingers), dentition (increasing crowns, molarization of premolars, gradual coverage cement) and skull (extension and enlargement of the brain). It describes individual genera and several important species from the genus Hyracotherium after Equus, their morphology and way of life. Previous studies of fossil horses, methods of comparative anatomy, are confronted with new molecular biology analysis. The results bring a new perspective on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the horse. Next part is devoted breeding groups of domestic horse. Characterized Eguus robustus, Equus gracilis, Equus gmelini and Equus przewalskii. Detects the taxonomic status of the Przewalski horse, relative to fact that today there are disputes about its evolutionary relationship with the domestic horse. Highlights the importance of reintroduction of Przewalski horses, the last wild horse, in the Mongolian steppes, the place of his original expansion. The last part includes the theory of horse domestication. Describes the site of human habitation, where archaeological artifacts and horse bones indicate keeping animals.
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Expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos
Lajpertová, Lenka ; Vachová, Pavla (advisor) ; Alena, Alena (referee)
In my Bachelor thesis, I focused to behavior strategy of reed grass (Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth ) during settlement of newlyfree areas. I paid a special attention to its speed during the settlement. Further focus of the thesis is to the way of expansion of the grass to new stations. The last orientation of my work was how the species influences the composition of newly formed community. This grass from the family Poaceae (Poaceae) is mainly characterized by vegetative spreading which is typical for creation of underground rhizomes. Particularly this creation of the rhizomes makes this grass successful competitor during settlement of free areas. Beside the method of reproduction, its advantage is a creation of old vegetation (dead overground part of the plant), which is one of the many competitive advantages of the grass.
The Thesis is based on an experiment with freely planted grasses framed by plastic rings. The Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth was deployed to the center and border positions. I tracked the way of its expansion and the speed of the settlement from the given location. Further I followed the spatial arrangement of plants at single areas and the arrangement from the time change point of view.
One of the most important abiotic factor is a temperature. In summer 2015, the temperatures higher than average combined withthe lack of the rain, the most probably influenced the speed of development and expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos.
Calamagrostis epigejos did not produced any height or volume progress during its vegetative period. It concentrated its energy rather to the production of its ramets which are typical for this kind of the grass and which make it successful in occupation of the areas. The speed of the grow was average, more visible at center positions than at border ones. Compared to that, average higher distance of ramets was achieved at the border positions.
In so much as Calamagrostis epigejos did not introduce its competitive skills in full, it gave the room to spread to other types of plants in its neighborhood. Species diversity of single plant communities did not differ significantly on individual plots, the biggest coverage occupied common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) there.
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Assessment of Present Condition of Forestry Recultivated Dump of Company ČLZ Nové Strašecí from Point of View on Creation of Anthropogenic Soil.
Semanová, Soňa ; Sixta, Jan (advisor) ; Vít, Vít (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of condition of taken forestry reclamation on the outer overburden dump in open-cast quarry of ČLUZ company. The reclamation is evaluated mainly from the point of view of presence and thickness of A0 humus horizon of anthropogenic soil and it also deals with the present condition of forestry reclamation taken on a plateau of overburden dump Babín. The present condition is evaluated on the basis of reclamation generel study which was taken in 1995 by professor Jonáš. The final evaluation of condition of forestry reclamation was carried out on the basis of comparison of vegetation state on the plateau of overburden dump and vegetation in Mšecké Žehrovice cadastral area.
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Evaluation of newly revitalized small scale areas in Prague 6
Karasová, Daniela ; Jakubcová, Eva (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
These days a pursuite of expedient an interconnection between news and existing buildings with green areas is increased especially in the cities. People change living habits and their requests about environment increase. In urban area is necessary create more natural green spaces for its using by habitants.
Those are main reasons for creation of new green spaces. For improve some life conditions their equipement and layout should be on high quality perforce.
The aim of this thesis is to deal the evaluation of areas in terms of various parameters. It is splited into three parts. Each of part is analysed one of the select park. In conclusion a comparison is performed. A result evaluates a newly revitalized green areas in Prague 6 and their user-friendliness and maintenance demands.
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Periodontal Disease of Dogs
Škutová, Šárka ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Olekšáková, Tereza (referee)
Periodontal disease (PD) affects periodontium and thanks to its prevalence it is considered to be one of the most occurred diseases in small animals and even in human. The uppermost etiological agens presents bacterial plaque. Bacterial plaque strongly accumulate if it is not eliminated and it might be the cause of development of gingivitis or even periodontitis over time.
The anatomy itself is relatively large, since the oral cavity is comprised of many kinds of tissues and a detailed description thereof would cover 70 pages at least. That is why the main aim of this work was to attempt to select the most basic information only.
Due to dividing of anatomical structures into bones, soft tissues, salivary glands and teeth, the individual components of supporting apparatus (periodontium) are not described in chapter called ,,periodontium,,. Here is explained its purpose and a description and function of periodontal ligament, which has not been included above. Particular attention was paid to the teeth. Determining the type and the number of individual teeth, the knowledge of their structure and the number of roots, all of that is important when it comes to a tooth extraction. The knowledge of tooth marking, dental formulas, identification systems and odontogenesis itself is equally important.
As for each disease, the etiology is the essential part for understanding the formation of disease. Bacterial plaque, which adheres to enamel of teeth is regarded (as already mentioned) as initial etiological agens. It can mineralize in tartar in varying degrees depending on every individual subject (animal). There are involved other risk factors at onset of the disease such as age, breed, number and line-up of the teeth, their pathology, diet, but also some diseases.
PD can be classified in two basic forms (gingivitis, periodontitis). Gum inflammation, or gingivitis, is often denoted as initial and totally reversible stage of disease. It is possible that there may not be present any symptoms or just slight redness at the beginning. Later stage leads to swelling, pain and significant bleeding, whereas it can manifest in periodontitis if therapy is absent.
Periodontitis affects the entire periodontium and it is often called as an irreversible stage. Although thanks to guided tissue and bone regeneration it is possible to achieve at least slight improvement these days. In most patients disease passes into chronic form, causes them not only pain during eating, but may also result in various systemic diseases. A special form which affects younger individuals is called ,,juvenile periodontitis,,. Diagnosis is primarily based on the medical history and examination of the oral cavity. Tartar index, gingivitis index, grades of tooth mobility and other parameters, which helps to determine the extension of disease and stage can be obtained using the intraoral radiographic, visual examination and measurement by periodontal probe. All collected information can be used to devise recommended therapy.
The sole therapy depends on the state of the patient and the requirements of the owner. It consists of several steps. The essence is especially removal of any deposits of bacterial plaque and tartar, correction of teeth pathologies (smoothing rough surfaces) and tissues pathologies to eventual tooth extraction. As part of the therapy may also be chosen application of antibiotics and other preparations supporting wound healing. Many specialists have been developing new treatments over the past 10 years, but most of them are still not fully finished. These include the development of vaccines, photodynamic therapy, or guided tissue and bone regeneration, which were already mentioned.
An integral part of therapy is home dental care. Without consistent home care there is a high probability of relapse.
An important weapon against the rise of PD are various preventive measures. The most effective method of prevention is probably regular tooth brushing using a brush and a special paste made for animals. However, many owners prefer to avoid this method. They rather elect to feed dry diets, dental treats and other products which help to reduce the amount of plaque and tartar. Another option is a professional teeth cleaning performed by a veterinarian.
A survey via questionnaire consisted of 16 questions, which were aimed at awareness of the disease, age, sex, breed, size, diet, preparations which help to control amount of plaque and tartar, systemic diseases and especially the presence of PD, age at first hit by disease, the circumstances of diagnosis, stage, treatment and relapse.
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Inventory of woody plants in a part of the CULS area, elaboration of the digitized map and a draft of reconstruction of its selected part
Talácko, Ondřej ; Kunt, Miroslav (advisor) ; Fedurcová, Alena (referee)
A topic of this Bachelor thesis is reinventory of woody plants of University of Life Sciences grounds that is located in Prague Czech Republic. The Universitys literary part is based on reputable authors and the practical part is based on an inventory. This inventory is done by Machovec and his point of view on woods.
Maps from past students who made theses of this topic at the same place were used to target the species. For a smooth cooperation in this Bachelor thesis maps of changing buildings plan were applied. The main task was to reinventory all the species so it was necessary to check the woods and their location. The location was in the same state as the previous woods. Based on the research of this location the inventory of woods by Machovec had to be used. This method contained an evaluation of girth width crown and age landscaping values however in this Bachelor thesis the girth and age of bushes werent evaluated. The genus species and the cultivar had to be assessed if possible and the evaluated parameters for single trees were averaged.
The data of all the single trees were listed into inventory tables and set with unique codes for future recognition in the program. The whole practical part of the thesis was drawn in a program called AutoCAD version 2014. Once the inventory was done there was photographic documentation of the groups of trees which is available online on mapserver. The pictures are used for comparing a visual difference of the area in different seasons.
Drastic changes have occurred in certain parts of the area of my research. Probably the biggest change was in the building of new Courseware pavilions and its surrounding. The big change at Courseware pavilions was the reason why this research was necessary. Also it was very important to study all changes that were done in past four years that were connected with every single wood in other areas.
By the values given by the invenory tables was showed that there is 4079 trees in the area. Hardwoods are represented by 3319 woods and conifers are represented by 760 specimen. The most common in case of hardwoods is the Acer and from conifers its Pinus. By this enviroment the CULS areal makes great place for spending time in nature. The woody value is here on the third level and this means that there is prosperous viridity.
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New features and technologies in current and future Invenio versions
Kunčar, Jiří
The aim of this paper is to introduce new features and technologies in upcoming versions of the Invenio software suite. Invenio was originally developed at CERN (Eu- ropean Organization for Nuclear Research) and covers all aspects of digital library management or document repository on the web. We focus on describing improve- ments of full-text search using external ranking tools, multimedia management, cir- culation and holdings module, and new user interface built on top of new technology stack using a Python micro-framework, modern templating engine and powerful SQL toolkit.
Fulltext: nusl-126793_2 -  PDF
Slides: nusl-126793_1 - PDF; nusl-126793_5 - PDF
Video: nusl-126793_4 -  MP4
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Implementation of lean manufacturing and application of Kaizen management in small and middle company
KUBÍČEK, Roman
The thesis deals with the application of the Lean manufacturing and Kaizen ma-nagement in processes of production and logistics management and selected tools and techniques of lean manufacturing and Kaizen management. The research of the imple-mentation of the Lean manufacturing was conducted at the production departments of the company. It is necessary to involve the processes principles.We can say, that the introduction of lean manufacturing principles and application of Kaizen management is a significant competitive advantage. The aim of tools supporting the implementation of the principles of the Lean manufacturing and Kaizen management is the elimination of wasting, improving response to customer´s demands. The keeping of the principles of company culture with the transition from the concept company to concept my (our) company. These principles are applicable to systems in the mass production and the small batch production. The some methods and tools are applicable in the area of services and public administration. We can say, that into each activity can be found reserves which are wasting about the Lean manufacturing. We are able to reduce or eli-minate them with use right tools. The subject of research are a never-ending changes the set up manufacturing processes during the implementation of Lean manufacturing and next application of Kaizen management. The changes which were done was not concern only for new set of material flow, workplace layout, leveling and optimization work, but also changes focused to thinking of people who are involved in these changes or the changes affecting them. To evaluace of the success and applicability of the newly introduced methods were set up measurable indicators and methodology of their eva-luation. The results which are presented are important for the company where the re-search was conducted. The outputs is important for other companies and recommen-dations of general application can help their further development and help to futher de-velop scientic knowledges.
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