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Pension reform in the Czech Republic
Kacálek, Pavel ; Pletichová, Dobroslava (advisor) ; Zdena, Zdena (referee)
The existing pension system which is established basically on support of economically active people cannot fully cover all pension costs. Increasing financial needs for covering of old age pensions are one of reasons for increasing debit of state budget. Because there are plenty of opinions and ideas for final shape of pension system the main purpose of this diploma thesis is to inform readers about the possibility to shift part of pension system costs towards taxes. In case of political concensus for covering pension system costs also by tax system the pension system in Czech republic would achieve dreamed financial stability.
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Stress load in a specific job
Lachmanová, Irena ; Michálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
This thesis focuses on the stress loads and stressors of the Police of the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part, stress, stress history, types of stress and where stress comes from is closely described. The next part explains the influence of the load and stress on health, and the consequences of stress overload. The end of the theoretical part is focused on the unitary armed security corps. Work stress, stressors and factors at Police of the Czech Republic are defined there.
The empirical part discusses a research of the stress level in the workplace of the Police of the Czech Republic that was carried out in Chomutov, Jirkov, Ústí nad Labem and Prague via questionnaire survey. This part of the work provides an inspection of the general characteristics of the sample, its statistic evaluation and graphs with an interpretation of the results. At the end, the stress level is evaluated and stressors which affect the workplace of selected group of Police of the Czech Republic are identified. Finally, the measures for their limitation are proposed.
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Analysis of the process of decentralized procurement of goods and services by the Department of the Army of the Czech Republic
Simmerová, Martina ; Šilerová, Edita (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the process of decentralized procurement of goods and services by the Department of the Army of the Czech Republic - specifically the 72nd Mechanized Battalion Přáslavice to evaluate the current process of decentralized procurement of goods and services and help to formulate proposals for improving the process of being analyzed at selected department.
The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part serves as a basis for the practical part and is based on study of appropriate literature, current legislation relating to public procurement and internal documents of the Ministry of Defence. The practical part is an analysis of the decentralized process of acquiring property and services by selected department. The analysis includes a description of all process steps decentralized purchasing through e-marketplace and is prepared on the basis of observation and individual interviews with selected personnel department. Further analysis is complemented by a synthesis all implemented decentralized purchasing department in 2015 and is listed for completeness and concrete example of real procurements executed in 2015. The qualitative research is enhanced by a questionnaire carried out in two selected military units within the Ministry of Defence, 72nd Mechanized Battalion Přáslavice and the Center for Simulation and Training Technology Brno.
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Change trajectories of wetlands in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic
Richter, Pavel ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Dagmar, Dagmar (referee)
Wetland habitats are of great multifunctional importance in landscape. In particular, they have the capacity to retain water during its surplus and then in the dry season to release the water. In this work the dynamics of change in wetlands coverage was analyzed, including the representation structure of different categories of wetlands over the past 180 years in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic. The historical maps of Stable Cadastre, current orthophoto and current GIS layers of localization and classification of different types of land use/cover and landscape types were used as data sources. The area of wetlands has dramatically decreased from 5 762 hectares in the period 1825-1843 (more than 9.5 % of the area) to 54 hectares in 2014 (0.9 %). Based on the study of available documents three types of wetland habitats were classified: wet meadows, wet meadows with trees and swamps . Although, the most of the historic wetlands were constituted of wet meadows (89 %) these days the swamps (48 %) form the largest part of the wetlands. Half of the historic wetlands were transformed to arable land because of increasing production of agriculture. According to the evaluation of monitored changes by predictors it was found that more pressure on the degradation of wetlands was in the areas with more suitable climatic conditions for agriculture (e.g. The Danube basin, Moravia, soil types in the lowlands, Corn agricultural production area etc.). In these areas the swamps were formed as new wetlands in places of historical watercourses localization more significantly than elsewhere in monitored area. The aim of this work was also to describe the main driving forces and pressures that have influenced the changes in wetlands. The outcome of the paper can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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Growth and environmental effects of Grand fir cultivation in conditions of the Czech republic
Fulín, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Antonín, Antonín (referee)
Grand fir (Abies grandis /Douglas ex D. Don/ Lindl.) is a species with potential benefits for the implementation of many functions in forest management: namely the function of production, soil improvement, stabilization and landscaping. It was introduced to the Czech Republic, as well as to other European countries, since the first half of the 19th century, mainly by aristocratic families. First plantings were performed in the parks, but gradually also in the forest stands. Another wave of interest in this tree species was associated with the decline of the domestic silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). It was to some extent substitute, for this period comes the greatest number of plantations in the country. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, monitoring of growth and production of the grand fir, but also the evaluation of the effects on the basic characteristics of the soil chemistry, nutrient dynamics and possible degradation effect on forest lands. Research areas were mainly located in the University Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy, but also in other places such as Hrubá Skála at Turnov, forests owned by Kinský at Žďár nad Sázavou and Kynšperk nad Ohří. Monitoring was carried out on already established and monitored middle-aged permanent plots (35 to 55 years), which were assessed at mensurational parameters (position, height, diameter at breast height, ratio of the green crown), in further the quantity and quality of forest floor and upper mineral soil components was studied. This work also contains the measurements of the provenance plot of Forestry and Game Management Research Institute. The results show that the grand fir is a productive tree species that exceeds the stock of domestic conifer tree species and its intensive growth is comparable with Douglas fir. From the perspective of provenance trials is crucial the correct choice of provenance, which achieves better yields and quality of wood. Best provenances come from the island Vancouver and the coast of Washington state. At the soil analysis reaching grand fir better values in comparison with Norway spruce and got it closer to the values of broad-leaved tree species. Thus it can be said that grand fir represents important soil-improving and stabilization tree species.
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Tax system in the Czech Republic focusing on value-added tax
Laki, Gustav ; Pletichová, Dobroslava (advisor) ; Brožová, Ivana (referee)
The value-added tax makes a significant part of our tax system and is a key revenue of the state budget. The VAT is paid to state since January 1, 1993, when it replaced the sales tax. The taxpayer is anyone who buys certain product or service. Since 2015 the basic rate of VAT is 21 %, the reduced rate is 15 %. A novelty in 2015 in the Czech republic has become a reduction of the reduced rate to 10 % for some products, for example baby food, medicaments, books and more. As the payer and the taxpayer of VAT are not the same subjects, we classify this tax together with excise duties among indirect taxes. The other part of our tax system form direct taxes, which are devided into income and property taxes. The statistical calculations show that an increase of the basic rate of VAT reduces state budget revenues, therefore there is an inverse relationship. Conversely, an increase of the reduced rate of VAT will increase state budget revenues, since the reduced rate applies to goods necessary for survival.
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Evaluation of nominal and real convergence of the selected euro area countries and Czech republic
Gröhlingová, Kristýna ; Spiesová, Daniela (advisor) ; Petra, Petra (referee)
Study aims to evaluate the development of the Czech Republic in case of entry into the European Monetary Union. Due to the similarity of the Czech economy with neighboring Slovakia, it is the assessment carried out by means of economic development was the Slovak Republic after joining the European Monetary Union. They are evaluated by selected convergence criteria and the further development of some macroeconomic indicators of the country, which is subsequently compares with the development of the Czech Republic in the same period. The same glasses are compared and selected the Baltic states, which joined the European monetary union last. Subsequently, using deductive methods outlined the economic development of the Czech Republic for entry into the European Monetary Union. The last chapter is devoted to the criterion of exchange rate stability, it is pointed out to the strategy states, which have already become members of the European Monetary Union, and passed without major cost exchange-rate mechanism EMR II. In this chapter, the simulated process Czech Republic's entry into ERM II and learned from him the results.
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Typology of composite parts of the cultural landscape on sandstone bedrock.
Cimburová, Dorotea ; Veith, Tomáš (advisor) ; Halamová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with typology of structures built in sandstone bedrock and its relationship to natural conditions, primarily the relief.
Its purpose is to compare and evaluate usage of typologies dealing with sandstone structures. Typologies of different authors are therefore at first compared in literature research. Afterwards, its usage is evaluated on the basis of terrain research. The research took place in the model area of Holans ponds. Found structure elements, which use sandstone bedrock, were photographed and then imported into the underlying map using GIS.
Another aim is to evaluate the landscape structure in the model area. For this purpose, the geosystem approach is used. It is described in a larger detail in the literature researches. Landscape structure in this approach is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary structure. In this work, primary landscape structure is represented by the relief, secondary by the structures and tertiary by the intangible heritage protection of these buildings. This work deals with an assumption of mutual influence between elements of particular structures. The main emphasis is given on the relation between relief and buildings.
To evaluate and confirm the hypothesis of a relation between relief and buildings, the Biogeographical division of Czech Republic II. part and the map of biochore is used. Both of them provide information about relief. Structure elements found in the model area were confronted with the map of biochore in GIS. In this way, the primary and secondary landscape structure of model area is described. To find example of relationship between structures and tertiary landscape structure the Central list of Cultural Heritage of Czech Republic was used.
On the basis of terrain research the applications of particular typologies were confirmed and evaluated. It turned out that typologies of some authors are more applicable and suitable in the model area compared to others. Also, the hypothesis that particular elements of landscape structure of the model area interact with each other was confirmed.
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Analysis poverty in the Czech republic
Pražák, Jan ; Žáková Kroupová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Trnková, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of this work is the analysis of poverty in the Czech Republic. Based on structural genetic analysis was designed solutions for preventing poverty in the Czech Republic. Partial goals deal with explaining the reasons and causes of poverty and comparing poverty in the Czech Republic with poverty in selected European Union countries. Individual data were obtained from the Czech Statistical Office and Eurostat, other data were taken from the Labour Office of the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic, the exchange rate pages and media in the form of current information. Values are given in percent, euro and the Gini index. Selecting the EU countries was based on common characteristics of these states, and the neighboring states of the Czech Republic, countries with approximately the same population corresponding to the Czech Republic and the post-communist countries that are members of the European Union, excluding Germany, where the results are unmatched in other post-communist countries due to its unification. The results of structural genetic analysis showed that the Czech Republic is the least at risk of poverty and belongs between the countries with the highest employment rate and lowest unemployment rate, while the countries with the lowest income inequality in selected countries of the European Union. But the Czech Republic belongs between the countries with the lowest hourly and minimum wage after Romania and Bulgaria. The way to tackle poverty in the Czech Republic are enough suitable jobs in the labor market.
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