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The impact of a bark beetle gradation on the occurrence and feeding ecology of a three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) in the Šumava National Park
Navrátil, Martin ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
The main objective of this study was to find factors that influence the occurrence of three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) in Šumava at a time when the bark beetle gradation caused by Kyrill subside. The research was conducted on five transects. To prove the presence of three-toed woodpecker was opted the method of an acoustic provocation, which reliability was well proven. The hypothesis was that the three-toed woodpecker prefers the trees infested by bark beetle instead of healthy trees. Surprisingly, however, he also prefered the stands where the main attack took place several years ago. Regardless of their health status the tree- toed woodpecker preferred non-intervention stands instead of the on- going management forest. Among other factors, the exposure was applied (preferred south and west) and elevation (median, minimum altitude of about 1100 m.). Another important result is that Picoides tridactylus prefers for its food stands still alive or just dead spruce trees infested by the bark beetle. Overall, it appears that the three-toed species has narrowly defined biotope demands, which are linked to the natural spruce forest unaffected by people. The results of this study could be used to better understanding of the ecology three-toed woodpecker, eventually can help to create a...
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Reproductive isolation between diploid and tetraploid cytotype of Vicia cracca and possibilities of evolution of this aggregate
Vlčková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Jersáková, Jana (referee)
Master thesis investigates reproductive barriers in diploid-polyploid complex of Vicia cracca. Complex with basic chromosome number x=7 consists of diploid (2x=14), tetraploid (4x=28) and rare triploid (3x=21) cytotype. I studied prereproducitve barriers between diploid and tetraploid cytotype: phenology of flowering, pollinators' behavior (preference of species of pollinators to cytotypes, sequence of visited cytotypes), variables, that could explain pollinators' behavior (amount of nectar as the main reward, size and amount of pollen grains as a potentional reward). To find out how strong the triploid block is I analyzed ploidy of seeds and seedlings from mixed-ploidy population. The habitat isolation showed up to be the strongest reproductive barrier. Pollinator's behavior meaningfully contributes to isolation, phenology of flowering contributes only minimally. Index expressing rate of prereproctive barriers is 0,956. Pollinator Bombus pascuorum visited on one locality preferably tetraploid plants and Andrena sp. preferred diploid plants. Even though tetraploid plants produce more nectar, no other analysis showed pollinators' preference to tetraploid plants. I prepared one squash of diploid V. cracca using method of in situ hybridization. This method needs to be optimilized for studied taxon.
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Effect of management on the diversity and establishment of plants in the Giant Mountains
Trejbalová, Lenka ; Krahulec, František (advisor) ; Březina, Stanislav (referee)
Meadows, as an integral part of the Giant Mountains, depend on regular management, without it they can get degraded. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of different types of management (mulching, mowing with or without fertilization) on change in coverage, biomass and establishment of plants. The experiment took place in years 1997-2011 on the site called Sněžné Domky in Giant Mountains on 3 sites which differ in humidity and trophy. The effect of management on vegetation change was statistically conclusive. Mulching was preffered the most by Geranium sylvaticum, mulching and fertilization was preffered especially by these species: Holcus mollis, Alopecurus pratensis and Crepis conyzifolia. Mulching and no fertilization: Achillea millefolium. Avenella flexuosa preferred particularly mowing. Mowing and fertilization was preffered by Festuca rubra, Luzula luzuloides, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Agrostis capillaris, Veronica officinalis and Hieracium lachenalii. Mowing without fertilizazion was preffered by Potentilla erecta. The effect of management on the amount of biomass appeared statistically inconclusive (except for amount of old biomass). Biomass is more correlated by the weather and the trophy of the site than the type of management. The effect of management on establishment of plant...
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Is the volume of the visceral adipose tissue related to degree of insulin resistance in human
Semerák, David ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
The topic of his thesis "The amount of visceral adipose tissue associated the degree of insulin resistance in humans "I chose based on their interest in the issue of obesity and its clinical implications. When thinking I prefer the focus of the topic in some way interfering in the internal medicine, which I have after graduation he wanted to pursue. Although obesity in the Czech Republic is the most common metabolic diseases such as human disease is underestimated, since it usually does not endanger the health obese individuals. Many problems and complications associated with obesity can be prevent early diagnosis and subsequent lifestyle modification, dietary and exercising habits. Therefore I believe that the context described in this work in the future, not only are when preventive action in their medical practice.
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Microhabitat preference of male red deer in the Doupov Mts.
Vlasák, Tomáš ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Kušta, Tomáš (referee)
My work engages problems of microhabitat preference of male red deer (Cervus elaphus). Location of research was occured in the Military Training Area Hradiště on the forest administration district Dolní Lomnice in the Doupovské Mts. Research was conducted using a GPS device. The first part of bachelor thesis is focused on literary analysis as a description, biology, ethology and damage by red deer on the forest stands. The second part of bachelor thesis is research itself. Home range size was calculated from winter and summer habitats. Monitored male red deer prefered visibility to the south. The lowest visibility was found to the west. During the day occurrence of hunting facilities is minimum in winter and summer periods. Greater occurrence of hunting facilities was only found in the night and morning time in the winter. Collected data were analyzed using graphs and tables, which are situated in the final part of this bachelor thesis.
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Heat pump
Klíma, Martin ; Kloss, Ondřej (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
Bachelor thesis describes and characterizes the heat pump. Summarizes the various types of heat pumps in terms of energy production, principles of their function and description of the differences between different types of compressors, use of refrigerant and its future development. Finally, here is my own view given the heat pump, which I prefer.
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The influence of geomagnetism on the behavior of dogs
PLACHOVÁ, Denisa
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the influence of geomagnetism on the dog. The theoretical part contains information from technical literature and articles concerning the ability of different species (from primitive organisms to large mammals) perceive the Earth's magnetic field and use it for their orientation and navigation. The practical part deals with own observation of the dog of the breed called pug, when was watched the spontaneous directional orientation of the dog during feeding, resting and excreting. Monitoring was carried out in a few months and the only tool, which was used was the compass, by which was recorded the direction in which the head of the dog was oriented during the individual activities. All measured values were entered into the tables created in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and after that were statistically evaluated. From the evaluated data emerged that the dog during each of the monitored activity exhibited some directional preference. When feeding the dog preferred axis NW/SE, when resting S/SE direction and during excretion preferred axis NW/SE.
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Dietary habits of younger school children
CHRTOVÁ, Libuše
The bachelor thesis is concerning dietary habits in young school-age children. There was set one major goal of the thesis, to find out more about dietary habits in young school-age children including basic recommended principles of healthy lifestyle - regular food intake, sufficient and balanced water intake, sufficient fruit and vegetables consumption, and regarding the fact that the subjects were school-age children, also sufficient intake of dairy products. Theoretical section explains terms, describes recommended dietary intake of nutrients in each stage of children´s development and contains food guide pyramid with all food groups and follows their satisfaction in children´s diet. There are also discussed topics as 1-day food intake pattern, visiting fast-food kiosks, and also quality and quantity of water intake. In the thesis are also listed preventive programs targeted on healthy eating in children taking place at basic schools under the sponsorship of Health, Agriculture, and School Ministries, and also of private organizations. To carry out practical section, there was chosen qualitative research method, method of low level interview, specifically semi-structured interview. Semi-structured interview was used in children at basic schools in Ceske Budejovice and at Lisov. The experimental group consisted of 6 participants, three boys and three girls from 7 to 11 years old. Each child was asked 10 basic questions and where necessary, I asked additional questions, to get more detailed information. Results showed that children of young school age have regular food intake with sometimes omitted breakfasts. Unfortunately, the compositions of daily meals do not meet the criteria of healthy eating. The half of respondents does not regularly eat for lunch two-course meal, i.e. soup and a main dish, and they also do not eat available fruit and vegetables with their lunch. The investigation also showed that most of the children do not have in snacks fruit or dairy products, but rather only pastries. From the participants´ answers is evident that half of respondents have sufficient intake of fluids qualitatively and quantitatively. Unfortunately, the other half of respondents do not drink enough fluids and also the composition is not adequate because of drinking only sweetened beverages. The positive finding was that no one of the experimental group indicated drinking some kind of stimulant beverages as for instance coffee, energy drinks, and cola drinks. Only one child out of all participants consumed recommended number of five pieces of fruit and vegetables. The intake of fruit was sufficient - at least two pieces a day, but it was also prevalent over vegetables intake, while recommendations suggest opposite ratio. No one of the participants has not eaten daily recommended amount of vegetables. The answers to the questions about milk and dairy products consumption demonstrated that most of respondents drink milk at least ones a day. No one´s intake met recommended daily amount of dairy products for children of this age, but the question is if the children really disliked dairy products or if that came of wrong dietary habits at home, or if I was inexperienced to interview children of this age. I also included two more questions that were not part of major investigative questions but seemed to me be important to have complete overview about dietary habits of each child. First question was about meat preference and the results showed that they all preferred chicken meat. No one was vegetarian and no one preferred fish meat. The second question was asking about visiting very popular fast foods. Results demonstrated that participants do not prefer this type of food. When I reviewed and compared results from my study with other studies concerning similar topic which was dietary habits in young school-age children we found similar results.
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Mutual interaction of body image and the media
Adamcová, Kristina ; Pešek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Skokanová, Dagmar (referee)
The main topic of my Bachelor's thesis is to describe the influence that mass media has on the perception of the human body, especially in young women. Initially discussed here are the various kinds of media exposure including TV, newspapers, magazines and now the Internet. The paper also examines the influence of body image on politics and politicians' appearance. As well as the influence of body image on children's programming whose affects in many ways already shape future generations. Based on questionnaires the most attractive celebrities were selected and divided into categories. There are a total of seven categories each both for men and women. Furthermore, connections were derived between these celebrities and demographic data such as age, gender, education and the size of city in which they live. The paper then looks for a pattern between the skin tone of the celebrities chosen and the respondents preferred skin tone. Whether the respondent thought that young people are more attractive than old people and whether they thought that current society pressures people to be physically attractive is analyzed. The final question, whether people would support the promotion of "real beauty", along with all other questions were compared to the selection of celebrities.
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The influence of management of meadows ecosystems on the occurrence of male of corncrake (Crex crex) in the selected part of the Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area
PEKSA, Martin
The aim of this work was to monitor the occurrence of males of corncrake (Crex crex) in the western part of the Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area and to find out the effect of meadows ecosystems management on its occurrence. The method of night counting of singing males of corncrake with the help of method of point transect was practised. Male territorial vocalization audio record was used as well. The monitoring lasted for the nesting season of corncrake from 2008 to 2010. The average altitude of studied localities was 879.57 metres above sea-level. Seventy four localities were studied. Corncrake preferred ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grasslands harvested after 15th July. It also preferred temporarily and permanently waterlogged localities. The localities grazed by farm animals affected the occurrence of corncrake negatively. The decrease in number of males was observed from 2008 to 2010 on studied localities. The numbers were even 61,5 % lower. From the above mentioned data it can be concluded that the best management as regards the occurrence of corncrake is ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grassland with late time of harvesting in the case of not fitting into an agroenvironmental programme protecting the corncrake.
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