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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape
Houžvičková, Markéta ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the legal aspects of water retention in the landscape in response to the current problems associated with impaired landscape retention capacity such as drought, erosion or floods. The author first outlines the factual and legal context of the issue, which is followed by an analysis of conceptual, administrative-legal and economic instruments of the Czech legal order that can improve water retention capabilities of the landscape. The diploma thesis analyses the relevant instruments of the Water Act, Forest Act, Act on the protection of agricultural land or Act on protection of nature and landscape. Consequently, it deals with the role of land-use planning, land consolidation and environmental impact assessment for the issue. The thesis includes comprehensive evaluation of the relevant legal regulation in terms of its effectiveness and possible proposals de lege ferenda.
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Zpracování studie revitalizace malého vodního toku
EIBL, Jiří
This diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of restoration of a small water stream and the construction of a small water reservoir. The small water streams and small water reservoirs are not only the landscape-forming element in the countryside but also, they are used mainly as rectification of water regime in the countryside. In the past there were used inappropriate ways how to modify watercourses or land, there came about ignoring water reservoirs and even water reservoirs were disturbed. Because of that, it came about the harming of ecosystems, small retention of water in the countryside and about the disruption of the natural functions of water streams.
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Moldan, Bedřich (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Perception of water regime in connection to present and past human influence
Buchtele, Josef ; Slámová, Romana ; Chlumecký, M.
The variability of the water regime is ascertained as being influenced by the frequent natural evolutions in the span of decades and also by some abrupt changes in the recent periods, including the damages or grows of vegetation cover or human influence in the historical decades. Analysis of such natural or man-made impacts in the context of historical evolution could clarify uncertainties and oscillations in basin water regime. The events as changes in vegetation cover, resp. evapotranspiration, land-use changes, building of new reservoirs and disappearing the old ones, effect of water management changing the condition of the water supply should be evaluated taking into account the influencing of the natural water regime. The modeling of rainfall-runoff process could be used to identify such impacts, especially for the cases when the long term complex monitoring is missing. The difference between observed and simulated streams flow appears as the helpful tool for the assessments of the resulting water regime.
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The effect of leaf structure on the leaf optical properties - Implication for water regime.
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Due to coal mining activities, heap substrates rich in clays with poor water permeability and lack of nutrients are relocated outside of mines representing hostile environment to the majority of vegetation. A material from the surface coal mines in Sokolov forming the Velká Podkrušnohorská Heap (VPS) form large locality showing characteristics of anthropogenically devasted landscape. The aim of the present study was to compare leaf structural and biochemical parameters with relation to a leaf reflectance of two pioneer tree species Salix caprea and Populus tremula with regard to leaf water regime and leaf adaptation to a water loss. From the methodological point of view, the study aimed on contribution to determine relation of selected leaf structural parameters to leaf reflectance what has not been intensively studied yet. The foliage of trees P. tremula and S. caprea grown on succession localities S2 a S3 for 30 years was used as a material for my study. The material was studied for its structure using the leaf cross sections nd abaxial epidermal strips (thickness of the leaf tissue layers and of a leaf, stomatal size density and area). Other studied parameters were contents of photosynthetic pigments, specific leaf area (SLA), water potential and leaf reflectance in regions of photosyntetically...
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Assessment the effect of revitalizing measures of chosen peat bogs in the upper Vydra River basin on their water regime
Doležal, Tomáš ; Kocum, Jan (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
Assessment the effect of revitalizing measures of chosen peat bogs in the upper Vydra River basin on their water regime Abstract: Despite a number of research projects, the influence of peat bogs on the hydrological regime remains a largely unexplored topic. In the past, several peat bogs in the Šumava National Park were exposed to a very strong anthropogenic pressure. Subsequently, revitalizing measures were applied to mitigate the impact of human interventions, to stop the degradation of these precious habitats, and to reform the disturbed peat bog water regime. This thesis is focused especially on fluctuations of water table level and on the hydrological regime in the catchments of Rokytka and Cikánský Brooks. Thesis further develops the topic solved in author's bachelor thesis called "Peat bog revitalizing measures and their effect on runoff dynamics in the Otava River headstream area." It contains experimental research of the influence of drainage canals and revitalizing measures on water table fluctuation. It also aims to identify the extent to which meteorological factors contribute to changes in groundwater level and to assess the present state of revitalization measures and their influence on the runoff regime. Key words: peat bogs, revitalizing measures, Šumava Mountains, water regime
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Revitalizing stream and its effect on landscape water retention
TRSKOVÁ, Martina
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the results of the selected revitalization intention. The introductory theoretical part is generally focused on revitalization, description of its main aims and the reasons, why are revitalization works needed. The practical part is focused on characterization of selected location, in which the revitalization steps were implemented. The main content of this part are calculations volumes of areas of retention places, which resulted from revitalization and the comparison of those areas with the original landscape. Based on those results, it was confirmed that revitalization in the selected location increased the retention capacity of the original riverbed.
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The biomass production for enegetic use from permanent grasslands and influence of ferment fertilisation on permanent grasslands
HAŠKOVCOVÁ, Michaela
Permanent grassland in agricultural landscapes represents an important position in terms of biodiversity. Becoming a habitat of endangered plant species, they are rich in flowering plants and also provide wintering territories to many animals. The aim of this study is to assess the biomass production of grassland for energy recovery, describe ways to use herbaceous biomass and impact of digestate on species composition and productivity of grassland. The experiment was conducted on the land in the village Dmýštice, located in the county of Písek. The site of fertilization by digestate is located near the village of Novosedly, county Strakonice. On these lands there were monitored ecological conditions of grasslands, dates and intensity of their use, botanical composition, species diversity and biomass production. Furthermore, this thesis uses methods of preservation of harvested biomass and comparing fertilized and unfertilized plots. The obtained data were used to calculate the Simpson index species diversity, nutrient and water mode positions. The values were statistically processed.
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