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Burning pellets from non-wood biomass in boilers II
Linda, Matúš ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Zejda, Vojtěch (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter deals with issue of combustion of agropellets in boilers. This section specifies types of pellets, their production and problems of combustion in boilers associated with formation of emissions. The second chapter specifies valid legislation and emissions limits. The third chapter describes fuel analysis of agropellets samples. This includes an analysis in order to determine the properties and chemical composition of agropellets resulting in determination of gross heat and calorific value. The fourth chapter evaluates agropellets influence on boilers and emissions creation on the basis of data and knowledge. The results are compared with data of other commonly used solid fuel found in literature sources.
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Sledování vybraných parametrů čistírenského kalu
Hirschová, Linda
This thesis deals with the evaluation and characterization of sludge parameters relevant to the drying process and subsequent energy recovery. The main parameters monitored are the dry matter of the sludge, the loss on ignition, the calorific value of the primary, thickened and dewatered sludge. Marginally, the paper also deals with the evaluation of pH, conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential. In particular, the characteristic of dewatered sludge entering the drying process is central. The dry matter of the dewatered sludge ranged from 13.5 to 25.7 %. The measured values of the calorific calorific value of the dewatered sludge ranged from 10.2 to 17.9 MJ∙kg-1, an assessment observed a dependency between the loss on ignition and the calorific value of the sludge. The impact of thickening (gravitational, mechanical) and stabilization (aerobic, anaerobic) sludge technology is taken into account in the evaluation. Part of the thesis deals with statistical evaluation of the effects of seasonality on monitored parameters.
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The Effect of Biomass Storage on the Fuels Parameters
Zlevorová, Tereza ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis investigates the effect of storage on the basic properties of fuel. The first part summarises basic knowledge of biomass, its properties, storage methods and related problems. This is followed by an experimental part, which aims to investigate predicted decrease in the calorific value and volatile matter of materials due to spreading degradation. The experiment is based on repeated measuring of the properties of samples stored for thirteen weeks at three different temperatures and moistures. The results are graphs that show a decreasing trend in most cases. They also show differences in the extent and rate of degradation depending on the type of material and the ambient conditions.
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Zhodnocení vybraných vlastností náplní laserových tiskáren
Janků, Michaela
The diploma thesis in the theoretical part focuses on legislation of elektrowaste production, technology printing, total production laser printers and composition toner powder. In practical part is carried out on the composition of cartridges, the dry matter content, organic carbon, total gross and elementary toner powders of different manufacturers of printers. As a result of the work by evalution basic descriptive statistics that are shown in the diagrams. In conclusion, the results are assessed for possible example of toner powder.
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Analýza využití matoliny pro separaci semen a energetické účely
Ludín, David
Empirical measurements took place in years 2013 until 2015 at grape marc samples from viniculture subjects in the wine-growing area Morava. The results of this paper are divided into two main parts grapevine seed separation from grape marc and grape marc usage for energy purposes. Efficiency evaluation of the separation process was implemented primarily empirically in laboratory conditions by means of a net with defined-sized loops. Subsequently, the efficiency was confirmed on a prototype of a vibrating sifting device. From obtained results follows, in dependence on the cultivar the separation efficiency varies between 58,35 until 94,12 %, while seed yield is 6,00 until 49,71 %. An interesting area of grape seed usage is bioenergetics. Therefore there was implemented a wide range of calorimetrical measurements of combustion heat and caloric power of grape marc in its original state, grape marc after seed separation (assumption of oil pressing usage), and seeds in themselves. The results indicate the heating power varies between 18,61 until 21,14 MJ/kg. The highest heating power values were stated by seeds and grape marc in its original state. It could be presumed, the main reason is rather high oil component in grapevine seeds. Moreover, the measurement set was supplemented by results focused on grape marc usage for pellet production. As the input materials different proportions of dried grape marc combined with wine shoots and hay were used. From the measured values follows, that the highest heating power (19,22 MJ/kg) was obtained from pellets composited from 60 % grape marc, 20 % wine shoots, and 20 % hay. Their apparent density is 630,9 kg.m-3. The produced pellets correspond with the norm CSN EN 15210 2 from the point of view of mechanical ruggedness. The results of this paper were as well extended by a set of model calculation of operating expenses when producing pellets in defined conditions, which vary between CZK 3,59 until 3,92 per 1 kilogram.
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Comparison of methods of determination of LHV and HHV
Jahn, Jiří ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the comparison of the accuracy of the determine of the higher heating value and lower heating value using the equations. The calculation is based on the contents of samples in the fuel, ie from the data obtained by ultimate analysis. Higher heating value and lower heating value of each fuel type was obtained by calorimeter measurement and considered to be the exact value of the fuel. The output of the work is the evaluation of suitability and accuracy of the examined equations and introduction equations appropriate for biomass.
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The potential of energy use of waste from harvesting and processing of marginal species of Triticum grown under organic farming system
SEDLÁKOVÁ, Aneta
Growing minority cereal crops, including spelt wheat, einkorn wheat and emmer wheat, has seen significant development in recent years, mainly due to the development of organic farming. In the processing of these cereals, the amount of waste material in the form of plows, chaff and spindles fragments, which account for 23-35% of the gross yield, can be used as a material for energy production through direct combustion. In this respect, the higher heating value (Qsr) and the lower heating value (Qu) of spelt wheat was achieved. Spelt wheat also produced the highest gross yield (26,41 GJ ha-1) and the highest amount of waste material (33,23 %).
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Study of reaction to fire tests for thermal insulating materials
Krivda, Antonín ; Novák, Vítězslav (referee) ; Sedlmajer, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with thermal insulation, it is fire resistance and reactions to fire. The thesis also approaches the testing of thermal insulation materials. In detail, it focuses on the Small flame test, Calorific value determination and the Flameproof test. The test methods were performed on insulators based on polystyrene and mineral wool. The literary research focuses on the fire safety of buildings that have been already insulated.
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