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Sexual system of the ascomycetes from order Pezizales
Janošík, Lukáš ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čmoková, Adéla (referee)
Sexual reproduction is essential part of life for numerous ascomycetes. Based on their requirement for opposite partner to produce fruiting bodies with ascospores, fungi can be in general divided into two mating systems - homothallism and heterothallism. However, several recent studies suggest that this division is clearly simplified and homothallism is an umbrella term for diverse sexual behaviours. First part of this thesis is focused on the reproduction, mating systems and their evolution in division Ascomycota. The main part summarizes present knowledge about the mating systems of the fungi from order Pezizales. Observations about the members of individual families are discussed, summed up and reviewed in the light of phylogeny and ecology.
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Metabolic costs of reproduction in vertebrates, particularly in reptiles
Kukačková, Dominika ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Animal reproduction involves energy expenditures for gamete formation, support of offspring development, and associated behavioural changes. Due to high variability in reproductive traits, reptiles are the ideal study group for this field. Investment in reproductive organs and gametes represent costs of sex products production. The next phase of reproduction is gestation, when females support their developing offspring, which results in additional metabolic costs. Metabolism of pregnant female can be viewed as a sum of resting metabolism, which is the same as in non-pregnant animal, of increased metabolism to support pregnancy, and of embryonic metabolism. Separation of each component is crucial for assessing energy costs of reproduction and for comparison of different reproductive strategies. Certain behavioural changes during reproduction can influence total energy balance as well. These changes include increased locomotion costs or shifts in the thermoregulatory behaviour. Estimation of the real costs of reproduction is a complex matter since a reproduction is a very dynamic process and there are many issues that influence the overall energy consumption of reproducing individuals.
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Seasonality of reproduction in tropical birds
Kačírek, Vojtěch ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tomášek, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of of this paper is to summarize the knowledge of reproduction seasonality of tropical birds. Work includes characteristics of individual tropical environment and changes in abiotic conditions, focusing on the question, in what sense are tropics aseasonal and what is not. The work includes an overview of methodologies for collecting data during field research focused on monitoring reproduction in birds. The main part of this work is to compare the differences between biogeographic regions, regions and their stimuli, which most commonly lead to the creation of seasonal reproduction, followed by a comparison of individual functional groups of birds (food guilds). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Study on dynamics of spinning apparatus of some wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) during their life cycle
Dolejš, Petr
Current knowledge of the spinning apparatus comes namely from studies on orb web spiders and their relatives, whereas that of wolf spiders were more or less neglected. Therefore, developmental changes of the spinning apparatus of four wolf spiders were studied throughout their life cycles. Each of these lycosids possesses stenochronous life cycle with similar number of instars (7-10) but of different length (1-3 years). There is only one period of reproduction in spring/summer in all four species. Sperms are being formed just after the final moult; diplotene in some species is peculiar. The courtship behaviour reflects the microhabitat occupied by the concrete spider species; the copulations are species specific. Ontogeny of the spinning apparatus of developing spiderlings was observed: The spinning apparatus initiate its function in the first instar. Secondary ampullate, all piriform and all but four aciniform glands are tartipore-accommodated; they do not moult in situ. The tartipores, vestigial structures corresponding to spigots of the previous instar, appear on the spinning field starting with the second instar. Tartipore-accommodated glands play roles also during proecdysis and their evolution corresponds with the way how do the spiders secure themselves when moulting. Hence, the not yet...
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Reprodukce slona afrického (Loxodonta africana) v Zoo Zlín - Lešná
Šimková, Daria
ŠIMKOVÁ, D. Reproduction of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in a Zoo Zlín – Lešná. Mendel University in Brno, 2019. Diploma thesis. The thesis analyzes the issue of reproduction of critically endangered species of African elephant. The work is focused on monitoring of animal weight and blood test results during the reproductive cycle. The first part describes the general characteristics of the reproduction cycle of the African elephant, the issue of pregnancy and childbirth, and the female reproductive system. In the second part, there are given data from three particular elephants from the Zoo in Zlín. The data are processed into graphs and these are then commented on and compared with the conclusions of already conducted studies and scientific papers. At the end, all the knowledge and forecast of the African elephant reproduction in the Zoo - Lešná in the future are evaluated. All the results show that females are fully capable of reproduction and there is no need to make any changes in the breeding of these animals.
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Rozmnožování a odchov agamy vousaté (Pogona vitticeps)
Bulawa, Tomáš
In my work on: „The breeding and rearing of bearded dragons“ (Rozmnožování a odchov agamy vousaté), (Pogona vitticeps), Im mainly focused on learning the previously known knowledge of this species, especially in relation to its breeding in our conditions, basic morphology and the most common health problems. I also conducted a one-year experiment among 2015/16, focusing primarily on observing social and sexual behavior, building and modifying suitable terrariums to serve this species. Subsequently to their own breeding, incubation and rearing of young. I also take into consideration the economic aspect of the breeding. At the end of the thesis I deal with some problems that appeared during my own experiment, I evaluate the current situation in breeding in our country, justify the used methods and procedures, attach their theoretical possibilities of correction and my own innovations and tips.
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Zakořeňování řízků dřevin v paperpotech a sadbovačích
Ambrožová, Klára
This thesis was written up at the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants under Faculty of Horticulture Mendel University in Lednice. The thesis deals with rooting of woody species of chosen kinds of Ornamental wood. The experiment was performed for Berberis thunbergii ´Rose Glow´ and for Syringa meyeri ´Palibin´ in two terms (16.6.2016 and 1.8.2016) and in four variants. The fourth variant was for control only.
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Larval development of \kur{Pipa parva}
BERDYCHOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis was created for the purpose to observing the time and morphological aspects of Pipa parva larval development. Despite the fact that this species is very interesting because of breeding, concretely with its unique reproductive mode and parental care the dynamics of larval development wasn´t observe yet. This fact became the main cause why I choosed Pipa parva for my study. The larvae was kept in the same conditions and divided in 4 boxes. By monitoring partial aspect of larvae development was observed, that larvae was developed under skin of female's back for 24 days and average number of larvae is 19. The larvae after their hatch measures 14,1 mm long and its in 49. - 50. phase of larvae development. The metamorphosis starts at 82. day and the larvae at this time measure average 49,8 mm. After methamorphosis the average lenght is 16,7 mm. The end of the methamorphosis of every individual is avarage at 100th day of the live of larvae. It was found by statistics method that overall amount of larvae has not effect on their size after hatch but it has effect for develompment speed. Literary rewiew was written for breeding of frogs and for their larval development. This thesis might help with breeding Pipa parva.
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