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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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The effect of gut microbiota composition on condition in birds
Černá, Kateřina ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Saláková, Martina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize present knowledge concerning the effects of gut microbiota composition on condition in birds. The effect of gut microbiota on various aspects of animal physiology is currently intensively studied and the understanding of its biomedical importance is a topical theme. However, the majority of the current research is focused on humans and other mammals, and in birds on agriculturally significant species. Therefore, this thesis focuses also on the applicability of results of agriculturally orientated research on free-living birds' study. The results of agricultural research show a high interspecies and intraspecies variability in the effects of certain bacteria on the condition of the host. That should be taken into account when designing experiments in wild-living species. This thesis summarizes current knowledge concerning the effects of bacteria on condition of birds that was gained in correlational and manipulative studies. Manipulative studies include those in which probiotics or antibiotics were given to birds. The main modes of action of probiotic bacteria are also summarized here. One of the aims of this thesis was also to find out the possibilities of using detection of certain bacterial species as a non-invasive method to assess birds' condition. This thesis...
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Ptačí chřipka a její chovatelské důsledky
KOTRCOVÁ, Markéta
In the bachelor thesis on the bird flu and its breeding consequences is analyzed the current state of the disease situation of bird flu in the Czech Republic. The main goal was to find out the cause, overview, occurrence and impact of avian influenza on poultry farming.
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Vyhodnocení výrobní měrné emise amoniaku z vybraného chovu drůbeže
PILÁT, Jiří
Abstract Agriculture has a significant part in environmental pollution. Gass emissions from breeding livestock have a great impact on the environment as well as exhaust emissions. However, the most negative environmental impact from the emissions of gases is ammonia. For this reason, this diploma thesis focuses on the evaluation of the production specific ammonia emission from the selected breed. Furthermore the diploma thesis focus on the evaluation of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in the selected agricultural operation. The measurements have been done in a state enterprise: International Poultry Testing, located in Ústrašice.
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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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Vliv emisí prachových částic a pachových látek z intenzivního výkrmu drůbeže na životní prostředí v okolí chovu.
COUFAL, Marek
This thesis is about evaluation of the influence of odorus substances and dust particles from intensive poultry farming to the environment. Measurement was done on a family farm near the forest in spring and autumn in 2017. The fattening of broilers is carried out there in four fattening halls with a total of 103,000 units. Poultry is fattened on the farm for 238 days during the whole calendar year after 7 batches. Sampling was carried out from one of these halls. The values obtained are ranged from 59 / m3 to 215 / m3 for odorous substances and particulate matter PM10 ranging from 0.061 mg to 0.0765 mg. PM2.5 dust particles showed values of 0.042 mg after 0.1535 mg. Evaluation of odorous substances was performed by the method of dynamic olfactometry according to the standard ČSN EN 13 725. The values obtained were ranged from 59 / m3 to 215 / m3. The range of production specific emissions was between 0.013828 and 0.298366 ( / / s). The PM10 particle emission production rate between 0,0000179 and 0,0001094 (mg / pc / year) and PM2,5 from 0,0000642 to 0,0001672 (mg / pc / year) was determined using the particulate measurement methodology. These data were compared with the relevant air pollution limits according to Annex No. 1 to the Act on Air Protection No.201 / 2012 Coll., Immission background in the locality and a dispersion study was prepared for them.
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Zootechnické aditivní látky a jejich možné využití
PLEVKOVÁ, Jaroslava
This bachelor thesis deals with the characterization and classification of additive substances for animal nutrition, in particular from the legislative point of view. Furthermore it focuses only on zootechnical additive substances, their distribution, description and the possibilities of their utilization in livestock feed, and mainly their use and affect on poultry. Also included are examples of poultry feed supplements containing these additives.
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VÝZNAM VITAMINŮ VE VÝŽIVĚ DRŮBEŽE
KUDRNOVÁ, Eva
Bachelor thesis deals with nutrition, feeding of poultry and importance of vitamins especially in laying hens, fattening broilers and ducks. Lack of vitamins leads not only to metabolic diseases that can significantly impair the productivity and efficiency of the breed. In the first part of the thesis I explain the importance of vitamins and their distribution by solubility. I deal with the digestive system in birds, the physiology of digestion. In the second part I provide information on feeding and feeding of poultry. In the final part I propose possible measures that will improve the health status, production and welfare of poultry.
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Vliv fytogenního krmného aditiva na užitkové parametry u drůbeže
HOMOLKOVÁ, Eva
The aim of this diploma thesis was to verify the effectiveness of phytogenic additives in utility parameters of poultry.The experimental study was conducted at the research station of the company Delacon Research Station PNRC s.r.o. in Stošíkovice on Louce.The experiment was carried out with little roosters hybrids ROSS 308. The fattening took 42 days and the three-phase feeding BR 1, BR 2 BR 3 was applied. Phytogenic additives were added to all kinds of feed mixtures. Given that this is a primary research of a private company, it is not known the exact structure of the used additives, which the company protects as its know-how. Additives were based on saponins in combination with other substances of phytogenic origin. During the process of fattening, the utility parameters of the experimental groups were monitored, which were then compared to the control group.Experimental groups showed a positive effect in several utility parameters at particular periods, statistically conclusive positive results were obtained only in the feed conversion in one experimental group during the 29th - 42nd day of fattening and in three experimental groups in whole fattening evaluation from 1. - 42nd day.
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Koncentrace tuhé znečišťující látky uvnitř stáje velkochovu drůbeže v závislosti na stáří drůbeže
DVOŘÁK, David
This thesis deals with the issue of air pollution, emission of solid substance in the large-scale poultry. Compares the level of surface contamination inside the breeding facility, depending on the age of the poultry. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the applicable methodology for the evaluation and the determination of the concentration of dust particles PM10 in the selected large-scale poultry. Measurement was carried out in a large-scale broiler Farma u lesa in Sudoměřice u Bechyně. The aim of this work was to obtain a measurement and then evaluate the data obtained. The measurements were carried out in two rounds to measure two size fractions of solid pollutants. The DUST TRAK 8530, borrowed by the faculty, was used to measure the solid dust particles in bulge. Further, the thesis also describes description and measurement methodology with this device.
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