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Cultivation, Monitoring and Application of Migroalgae Cultures.
RANGLOVÁ, Karolína
This thesis deals with microalgae mass cultures grown in laboratory as well as outdoor cultivation systems and a potential use of their biomass. Case studies illustrate the correlation of changes in growth rate with photosynthetic activity, physiological features and biomass composition under various conditions (high irradiance intensity, optimal/suboptimal temperature and the presence of some metalloids). The special attention was also paid to evaluation of the bioavailability of Se-enriched Chlorella biomass which is commonly used as a food supplement. As concerns methodology, photosynthesis monitoring techniques, namely chlorophyll fluorescence were employed as an important tool to estimate microalgae activity.
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Effect of pathogens on clonal plants
Koděra, Ondřej ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Duchoslavová, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract: More than half of Central Europe's plant species are capable of propagating vegetatively via clonal growth, many of them identifiable as some of the most common species. Clonal ecology has been studied mainly due to its positive influence on plant fitness; Less attention, however, has been dedicated to the cost of clonal growth which is directly connected to the pathogen's inner plant invasion and transmission. The existence of clonal growth enables both partners in the plant-pathogen interaction to create new life strategies differing from those created by infected nonclonal plants. Pathogens that infect plants with a strong lateral spread were selected for higher aggressivity in evolution. In turn, their effect is negative on survival, the creation of new ramets and also on the whole growth and development of the host. If the development of the clonal growth organs becomes faster than the growth of fungal hyphae, the ramets can escape the infection passively. The influence on the host is not only negative as the infected plant can perform stimulated clonal growth or compete with healthy plants to a more successful extent. The aims of this thesis are: to search and summarize all the available information concerning this specific plant-pathogen interaction; to discuss the unanswered questions...
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Analyses of inverted repeats in human patogen genomes
Dobrovolná, Michaela ; Kouřilová, Xenie (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in humans in developing countries. According to WHO, approximately 2 billion people are infected worldwide. The etiological agents of parasitic infections are mainly Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminths (flatworms), causing inflammatory responses, malnutrition, and anemia that are the primary cause of mortality. Drug resistance is accelerated by the overuse of human anthelmintics, as well as poor infection prevention and control. The therapeutic potential of small molecule ligands binding G-quadruplexes (G4s) has been demonstrated. For instance, that it can be used to stabilize the quadruplex structures and eliminate drug-resistant pathogens. G4s are secondary structures formed in guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences, which can regulate the process of gene expression, DNA damage repair, transcription, and translation of oncogenes. Here we used the G4Hunter Web Tool to identify and compare G-quadruplex sequences (PQS) in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of six Platyhelminth and four Nematode species to identify targets for G4 ligands to predict new drug targets and more effective drugs. We found that PQS are nonrandomly distributed in these genomes. Most of the G-quadruplexes are in the proximity of genes, suggesting their role in genetic regulation. Interestingly, less infective Platyhelminthes were found enriched with PQS, compared to highly infective species with a lower PQS frequency. In contrast, a Nematoda, Ascaris lumbricoides, was found to be highly enriched in stable PQS. This highly infective species can tolerate high-stability G4 structures, which are not counter-selected at all in contrast to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Analyses of inverted repeats in human patogen genomes
Hanzlíková, Anna ; Nováčková, Ivana (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Pathogens are organisms that cause various host diseases. These include prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and animals. This bachelor thesis is focused specifically on viruses causing human diseases such as severe respiratory syndromes, liver diseases or cervical cancer. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize the presence and location of inverted repeats in the genomes of organism using the web application Palindrome analyzer. Four viruses were selected, two of them are from the group of DNA viruses and two from the group of RNA viruses. In view of the outbreak of a pandemic in early 2020 caused by virus SARSCoV-2, is included in this bachelor thesis. Thus, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were selected from RNA viruses and hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus were selected from the DNA viruses. The sequences of the viral genomes were obtained from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology) database. Then, all four viruses were analyzed for the presence of inverse repeats, their location and size using the Palindrome analyzer, which is available online. The largest genome was SARS-CoV-2 of 29 903 bp, which also had the most inverse repeats.
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Influence of environment on distribution and coexistence of different diseases on a single plant species
Mráčková, Michaela ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Koupilová, Klára (referee)
Most plant species host one or multiple pathogens. However, studies are mostly focused on simple pathosystems. These studies deal for example with the virulence of the pathogen, plant resistance or influence of the environment on the pathosystem. The occurrence of more pathogens in one plant species is taken into account only in a few studies. Most of those studies focus on the coinfection of multiple pathogens in one individual host, especially in the agriculture, so there is very little information about coexistence of more pathogens in wild plant population. This paper summarizes the general information about plant and pathogen interaction, focuses on environmental effects and finally focuses on occurrence of multiple pathogens on one plant species. From the studies it is clear, that both, abiotic (light, temperature, humidity, etc.) and biotic conditions (pollinators or pests as vectors etc.) have impact on host- pathogen interaction. During co-occurrence of multiple pathogens in one host plant, various interactions between coinfecting pathogens can occur (competition, cooperation, etc.). Resistance of plant to one pathogen can be affected by presence of other pathogens and stress factors. Finally, coinfection may also affect virulence of individual pathogens. Key words: plants, pathogens,...
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Design and Operation of Water Disinfections Plants
Krupicová, Simona ; Rajnochová, Markéta (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
In the first part of my bachelor thesis I deal with individual disinfectants used for hygienic supply of drinking water based on chlorine and without chlorine. Then I mention the operation without chlorine disinfectants. In the second part of this thesis I describe individual plants using various disinfection methods and at the end of the thesis I compare these methods and use it in practice.
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Využití ozónu v intenzivním chovu vybraných druhů ryb
VLČEK, Jakub
Aim of this thesis was to use the ozonisation as a disinfection method for improving of water quality in the intensive fish farms using RAS (recirculating aquaculture system). The main assessed parameter was effect of ozone treatment on fish health and RAS functions and features. Two RAS were used in this study one with use of ozone treatment, one without ozone treatment (control system). There were cultured two different fish species in these two RAS - pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and European catfish (Silurus glanis). The main reason for use of these two species is that they are perspective species for intensive aquaculture. In the RAS with ozone treatment, two different methods of ozone application were tested - periodical and continual application. The effect of ozone treatment on fish health and conditions was controlled regularly. Ozone treatment had positively affected the survival of both cultured species (pikeperch survival: with ozone = 77.0 % and without ozone = 67.2 %; European catfish: with ozone = 93.1 % and without ozone = 91.5 %). Ozone treatment also positively affected the water chemistry. The greatest difference was observed in CHSKMn: with ozone = 6.4?1.2 mg.l; without ozone = 10.7?1.6 mg.l. The same features were observed in suspended solids: with ozone = 4.3?2.8 mg.l-1; without ozone = 8.17?6.2 mg.l. Appearance of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and bacterial infection were not affected by ozone treatment. The main result of this thesis and this design of experiment is that ozone treatment had a positive impact on water chemistry in observed RAS and it, however, didn't kill 100% of the fish pathogens.
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Bacteria associated to red poultry mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of poultry, cage birds, mammals and humans. Infection of poultry by poultry red mites (PRM) induce the decrease of egg production, weight gain and fitness. The massive infestation of the PRM can cause the death of the bird. The PRM is danger for human due to his ability of transport bacteria and virus of one host to the other. This review summarize the association of putative pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria with the PRM. There are studies, when PRM is considered as a vector of pathogenic bacteria. The transmission of Salmonella spp. has been observed frequently using PCR and/or cultivation. Listeria monocytogenes has been associated with the PRM only in one study, in which is not clear if the PRM really transport this bacteria or they just appear in the same time and the same place. The transport of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was in one work approved, but the demonstration of transport wasn't successful in other experiment. The role of the PRM in transport Bartonella quintana (causative agent of trench fever) is also not clear. The PRM and B. quintana appeared in the same time in the bird nest near the attic and there were attacked a family with high socioeconomic status by trench fever. However is...
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Pathogenic Microorganisms in Meat Products
FARKOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of this work is the analysis and description of microorganisms occurring in meat products. The work is by definition enter the search character, so the method chosen as the research literature analysis and the subsequent description of findings. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of microorganisms and their distribution in several respects. Chapter 2 is already covered by specific genera of microorganisms that have been using a wide range of literary sources characterized in detail, including representatives who may be present in meat and meat products. Introduction of Chapter 2 is devoted to foodborne illness ? intoxication and toxic infection, which can occur in humans after ingestion of improperly cooked food or due to poor storage. One of the subsections of Chapter 2 is focused on fungi, which are in search of microbiological work, often neglected, although they are very important pathogens and undesirable elements in food. Another chapter is devoted to meat technology and includes terminology that is used in this field. In addition, summarizes the basic requirements, preconditions and standards associated with the meat industry.
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