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Changes of vegetation composition in hilly country forests depending on the application of historical forms of management
Nechanská, Denisa ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The aim of my study is to determine the influence of historical management practices on the camposition of vascular species in hilly country forests on the Vysoká stráň hill in the Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of my thesis describes influences of forest management on the herb diversity from different scientific studies. There is some information about the influence of herbivorous grazing, pollarding, litter raking and fire. Secondly provides a case study dealing with the influence of historical management on the vascular species composition in the forest understory. My experimental area was divided into 32 treatments, where three different ways of historical management were used - mowing of the understory vegetation, litter raking and the combination of mowing and litter raking. The fourth area was a control treatment. Change in the herb diversity depending on a time is statistically significant but changes in the herb diversity depending on different ways of historical management are statistically insignificant. We detected a distinct decline in the herb diversity during our experiment, also on the control treatments. The main gradient of vegetation points from mesophilous acidophytes to species characteristic...
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Effects of wild ungulates on vegetation in an abandoned landscape
Horčičková, Eva ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Diekmann, Martin (referee) ; Tichý, Lubomír (referee)
Wild ungulates are considered one of the major drivers for shaping terrestrial ecosystems, which has been developing since the early Cenozoic. Understanding the effects of ungfulates on vegetation is necessary for qualified knowledge how European landscape looked prior to human habitation and how it would look like without human intervention. Further, such understanding is of practical importance as management information necessary for managing abandoned landscapes. While the present-day wild ungulate European fauna does not contain several large grazers like auroch (Bos primigenius) anymore, the landscape has long been affected by them. It thus possesses historical experience of response to large grazers, which has been further maintained by livestock grazing. Importantly, the European landscape is experiencing a steady increase of populations of deer (Cervidae) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) with major effects of vegetation and landscape structure. While the effects of these present-day dominants have been studied mainly in forest habitats, there is a growing evidence that they both promote species diversity of forest understory and, interestingly, preferably feed in open vegetation and thus can affect broader landscape heterogeneity. The main aim of this thesis is therefore to examine effects of...
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Effect of grazing and mowing on vegetation of dry grasslands
Pechová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čiháková, Kateřina (referee)
Grassland communities are natural part of our landscape. They were mostly created or maintained by human. If we leave them to their natural development they will disappear. Today grazing or mowing is recommended as an appropriate management. This work is an answer to the beginning of the grazing and mowing management in NPP Kaňk near Kutná Hora. Its goal is preparation for the monitoring of grazing and mowing, which will be in progress in this locality since year 2010.
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Tree sedlings and grazing.
Juřicová, Anna ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Mayerová, Hana (referee)
My bachelor thesis resumes effects of forest grazing and browsing in the temperate climate region. Grazing can be useful tool in maintaining biodiverzity. However this effect strongly depends on abundance of herbivores and their selectivity. These results are based on studies that manipulated with grazing pressure, using exclusion or enclusion of the herbivores.
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Effect of wild ungulates on vegetation
Multušová, Nela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lepková, Barbora (referee)
The grazing of wild ungulates is the key factor which significantly influences ecosystems. The presence of the ungulates manifests as grazing, but also as browsing, fecal and urine deposition and soil erosion. The grazing pressure of wild ungulates as well as grazing tolerance of plants is variable over time. Some species can cope with moderate grazing better than others and then grazing can increase species diversity. On the other hand, intensive grazing can influence plant communities negatively reducing plant diversity and supporting ruderal plant species. High population densities of wild ungulates and their intensive grazing pressure cause changes in the age and species composition of forest and non-forest ecosystem. This bachelor thesis deals with the effects wild ungulates have on forest and non forest vegetation, which are variable according to many abiotic environmental factors. The bachelor thesis also offers an insight into the issue of the wild ungulates in nationals parks and in landscape protected areas in the Czech Republic. Key words: wild ungulates, grazing, game overpopulation, regeneration
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Ustájení hospodářských zvířat v ekologickém chovu
Večeře, Martin
This bachelor thesis is focused on styling of animals in organic farming. Itdescribes the formation, development and principles of organic farming. As regards the structure of the thesis, there is first explained the koncept of organic fading with the emphasis on the Czech context. Next, there is presented the description of formation and development of organic farming in the Czech Republic; which started in the early 90s. Finally, the thesis deals with therules and the principles of organic farming. It brieflyoutlines grazing as the basic principle of keeping animals in organic farming. The work describes housing of cattle; ether with or without market milk production; and styling of sheep, goats and pigs in term sof organic production.
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Vliv technologie chovu na životní projevy koní
Valová, Natálie
This work describes a typical expressions of horses. I compare the behaviour of horses stabled in stalls and horses who spend most of the day on pasture. The first part is devoted to basic categories of behaviours such as feeding behaviours, social expressions of horses, comfortable behaviours, locomotion of horses, relaxation and then defecation and undesirable stereotypic behaviour. With this problems related welfare, which I mention in work. I follow on division housing technology, which I compare. The second part, I propose a methodology and I do own observation, which evaluates tables and graphs. For the experiment, I chose boxing stabling and grazing. I compare the different behaviour of horses who spend nearly all day in the stable and horses who are all day on pasture and only for night, they spend in stable
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Zhodnocení vlivu stanovištních podmínek na obsah organických živin v pastevních porostech
Chovanová, Ivana
The thesis is focused on the issue of the nutritional value of pasture growth with an emphasis on the content of energy and organic nutrients that grows in the Mohelenská Serpentine Steppe National Nature Reserve. It deals with factors that influece the nutritional value of pasture growth, especially in relation to the habitat conditions, botanical composition and optimal phase of their use. Increased space is devoted to how nutrition factors, with emphasis on the content of energy and organic nutrients in growth can influence the behaviour of sheep in the pasture. In Mohelenská Serpentine Steppe National Nature Reserve an ethological observation of the herd of sheep was carried out. Plant samples had been taken from the pasture areas to determine the yield and their nutritional value. The height of the growth was measured also. Results were precessed into etograms, tables, charts and maps.
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Různé aspekty ekologického zemědělství na Horňácku
Balada, Josef
Aim of this thesis is to determine the main factors that influence the development of organic farming in the Czech Republic and the Horňácko in South Moravia. Thesis deals with the characteristics of organic farming, establishes the differences between conventional and organic farming in the Czech Republic and describes main models that crucially influence the development of contemporary organic farming. Thesis also focuses on the description of development of organic agriculture in Horňácko and identifies factors that significantly influence this development. Important part of the thesis is characteristic of company Ekofarma Balada s.r.o. and the future development for this organic farming farm depending on the options from the valid legislation and from grant programs.
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