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The role of internal audit in operational risk management
Stoklásková, Martina ; Blahová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Brada, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis focuses on the operational risk, its identification, measurement and regulatory requirements associated with it. It defines what is the role of internal audit, departments that perform its function and relationship to the organizational structure of the company. Similarly, it is depict the relationship between internal and external audit. These facts are set in the context of operational risk. In the form of comparison are confronted four major banking institutions operating on the Czech market. The aim is to find out how banks manage operational risk, what tools are used for the quantification and how the whole process involve internal audit services and, finally, how they deal with regulatory requirements on capital.
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Operational risk and its management
Sarvaš, Marcel ; Půlpánová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
This thesis refers to operational risk, with focus on the selected issues. It explains the terminology of operational risk and presents its brief history. It focuses on the commom criminal cases from following spheres -- money laudering, insider trading and credit card fraud. The work further deals with the situation of their origin, course, protective measures against situation of origin of criminal cases and brings up the most famous cases.
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Measuring of Operational Risk in Finacial Institutions
Voříšek, Martin ; Žváčková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kozáková, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this submitted work deals with situation which quite recently occured on financial markets. In 2001, Basel Commitee for Banking Supervision declared that banks had to cover their exposure to a not very well-known operational risk. This work consists of a five main parts. After a few introductory words comes a short chapter about risks generally. Second part repeats some basic economic terms in territory of market failures and then discusses these particular problems in the field of financial markets. Following part brings a view on regulatory documents -- their past, their present and their possible future. A chief attention should be aimed on fourth part. It analyzes operational risk with a focus on its definition, its specifics, examples of its impacts and methods of its control, mitigation, measuring and managing. Last chapter describes one of advanced approaches to measure operational risk. At the end, there are a few last words concerning some questionable areas and future of operational risk management.
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Operational risk management in financial institution
Wirthová, Petra ; Blahová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Brada, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis "Operational risk management in financial institution" is focused on description, types of measurements, methods of control, analysis and possibilities for reducing of operational risk. The first part describes and defines operational risk and discusses the Basel accords. Next part is focused on operational risk management, methods reducing operational risk and there is also described the organizational structure of the bank associated with operational risk. The thesis also describes the methods of calculating of capital requirements and methods measuring operational risk. The practical part describes the most significant operational risk events and there is also a comparison analysis of calculation of capital requirement the specific bank.
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Audit and Assessment of IS in banks
Fleischmann, Martin ; Svatá, Vlasta (advisor) ; Sokolovský, Zbyněk (referee) ; Novák, Luděk (referee)
Abstract (english) Objectives The main objective of this work is to design methods and proceadures enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of IT audit in banks with the accent given to their use by the supervisory authorities. Another objective of the work (and an essential starting point at the same time) is a summary and assesment of methods and proceadures developed and implemented into the CNB practice with regard to banking supervision in the area of information systems. Objectives Achievement From the methodological point of view the esential starting point of the work was represented by above mentioned objectives that were used for elaboration of a set of questions. Questions enabled to set up the hypotheses. (Another more particular hypotheses were defined in order to design the particular solutions in chapter 5.) Futhermore, the critical factors (problems) were defined in the process of the questions analyses. Subsequently, the solutions were specified. The solutions confirmed the hypotheses which reflected the achievement of the objectives. Description, categorisation, analyses, screening, modelling, comparative analyses and sample testing were used to achieve the objectives. In particular, the solutions that were elaborated, making use of methods described above, enhance effectiveness and efficiency of IT audit in banks. Moreover, the CNB's proceadures and methods were introduced and assesed within the work. Scientific Contribution The work brings an evidence of correlation between the quality of IT audit in banks and their economical performance. With this regard the work contributes with original conclusions, benchmarks and proceadures that may be used by banks, supervisory authorities and IT auditors. These conclusions are achieved by description, categorisation, analyses, modelling and screening research highlighting the role of the rentability, the productivity, the risks, the inovations and the economical value of information. Furthermore, the IT audit and IT supervision in banks are specified. They are also compared and contrast to the other audit cathegories. The work presents important peaces of evidence regarding the role of IT audit in this context. This is made by description, cathegorisation and analyses. Another contribution represents proceadures and methods developed and implemented (to the large extend by author) in the field od IT banking supervision in the Czech Republic. This delivers valuable outputs for foreign supervision authorities, banks and auditors. The work lead to original solutions of critical factors. These solutions are to use by IT audit and IT supervision (and also in audit work generally). The solutions make use of ceartain atributes of Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and were elaborated in the proces of decsription, cathegorisation, screening research, comparative analyses, hypotheses seting and testing. The solutions enhances acuracy and objectiveness of assesment done by IT auditors. The solutions lead to better comparativeness of audit outputs on both national and international level, give better preconditions for risk assesment and capital adequacy evaluation within BASEL II and enhance the information value of audit ouptuts. The structure (content) of the work reflects the above mentioned articles that give a brief description of the main four parts (chapters) of the work.
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Bank control systems in the context of operational risk
Uličná, Ivana ; Blahová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Suchánková, Lucie (referee)
The thesis focuses on internal management and control systems in connection with operational risk management (ORM) process. The Basel II concept is outlined from the operational risk point of view, incl. methods for capital requirement for operational risk. Consequently, essential regulatory requirements and bank standards for effective management and control systems are specified. ORM tools that are potentially able to capture business environment and internal controls factors (to be regarded within AMA models) are disserted, specially concentrating on key risk indicators. Construction of this ORM tool is designed on a theoretical basis and also on an example related to payment systems. There is an evaluation of advantages, challenges and possible ways to use this method.
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Risk management and internal capital adequacy assessment process
Býčková, Iveta ; Kalínská, Emílie (advisor) ; Čajka, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the New Basel Capital Accord, so-called Basel II and Internal capital adequacy assessment process. This thesis is devided into four parts. The first section defines every single risk in the bank. The second part attend to Basel I a Basel II. The thesis addresses the development of rules for the calculation of capital adequacy, describes tree pilars of Basel II and regulatory capital. The third part of the thesis is focused on common problems of risk management and banks can choose from qualitative and quantitative analysis. The final part contains with the calculation of capital requirements for credit, market and operational risk. This part deals with unexpected and expected loss as well as the various methods for calculation of capital requirements within each risk is involved, i.e., the basic and advanced methods. Advanced approaches within each risk, i.e. approach based on internal ratings (IRB), the method of value at risk (VaR) and the approach AMA can be used by banks after previous agreement of the Czech National Bank.
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Extreme Value Theory in Operational Risk Management
Vojtěch, Jan ; Kahounová, Jana (advisor) ; Řezanková, Hana (referee) ; Orsáková, Martina (referee)
Currently, financial institutions are supposed to analyze and quantify a new type of banking risk, known as operational risk. Financial institutions are exposed to this risk in their everyday activities. The main objective of this work is to construct an acceptable statistical model of capital requirement computation. Such a model must respect specificity of losses arising from operational risk events. The fundamental task is represented by searching for a suitable distribution, which describes the probabilistic behavior of losses arising from this type of risk. There is a strong utilization of the Pickands-Balkema-de Haan theorem used in extreme value theory. Roughly speaking, distribution of a random variable exceeding a given high threshold, converges in distribution to generalized Pareto distribution. The theorem is subsequently used in estimating the high percentile from a simulated distribution. The simulated distribution is considered to be a compound model for the aggregate loss random variable. It is constructed as a combination of frequency distribution for the number of losses random variable and the so-called severity distribution for individual loss random variable. The proposed model is then used to estimate a fi -nal quantile, which represents a searched amount of capital requirement. This capital requirement is constituted as the amount of funds the bank is supposed to retain, in order to make up for the projected lack of funds. There is a given probability the capital charge will be exceeded, which is commonly quite small. Although a combination of some frequency distribution and some severity distribution is the common way to deal with the described problem, the final application is often considered to be problematic. Generally, there are some combinations for severity distribution of two or three, for instance, lognormal distributions with different location and scale parameters. Models like these usually do not have any theoretical background and in particular, the connecting of distribution functions has not been conducted in the proper way. In this work, we will deal with both problems. In addition, there is a derivation of maximum likelihood estimates of lognormal distribution for which hold F_LN(u) = p, where u and p is given. The results achieved can be used in the everyday practices of financial institutions for operational risks quantification. In addition, they can be used for the analysis of a variety of sample data with so-called heavy tails, where standard distributions do not offer any help. As an integral part of this work, a CD with source code of each function used in the model is included. All of these functions were created in statistical programming language, in S-PLUS software. In the fourth annex, there is the complete description of each function and its purpose and general syntax for a possible usage in solving different kinds of problems.
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Development of the concept of the capital adequacy in the Slovak banking sector
Cipková, Dagmara ; Půlpánová, Stanislava (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the development of the capital adequacy in the Slovak republic. It describes the adaptation of the calculation of the capital adequacy on the basis of the Basel I treatment, which gradually transforms into the Basel II methods, and briefly describes the new upcoming adaptation. The main body of this work consists of the methods for calculating the credit, the market and the operational risk, and the determination of capital requirements. Particular methods are described according to the individual adaptations in attention of the sequence exploitation. An attention is also paid to the short description of the three pillars of the Basel II. Global trend is supplemented by the information from the banking sector.
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The analysis of the trend of capital adequacy in chosen banks in Slovakia
Drahoš, Marián ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with trend of capital adequacy ratio in four chosen banks in Slovakia- in Slovenská sporiteľňa, Dexia banka Slovensko, Privatbanka and Tatra banka in years from 2005 to 2009. The core of thesis is divided into 3 chapters. The first part provides basic information's about keystone, significance and development of capital adequacy principles. Next chapter is dedicated to characterization of Slovak bank sector, concerning legal regulations and short analysis of the trend of capital adequacy for whole bank sector. The most important part of the thesis is analysis of capital adequacy in four chosen banks, where I put emphasis on analysis of factors influencing value of capital adequacy- capital and risk weighted assets. I also evaluate other impacts, for example the implementation of the new regulation rules Basel II.
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