|
|
Fyzikální a biologické ošetření osiva jako alternativa za chemické moření
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
The dissertation is focused on the findings, whether it is combination of physical and biological seed treatment for selected field crops (oilseed rape, spring barley) comparable with chemical treatment. Evaluated the effectiveness of the physical seed treatment, low temperature plasma (Gliding Arc, microwave), a biological treatment culture mycoparasitic of the fungus Trichoderma virens and culture entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. In the context of experiments in laboratory conditions, was evaluated the effect of treatment on the evolution grains (the seeds), the percentage of germination grains (the seeds) and the percentage of healthy grains (the seeds). Individual plasma treatment in combination with biological treatment had a significant positive effect on the germination rate of grains (the seeds).There was no negative effect of physical and biological treatments on the grains (seeds). Involved the evaluation of emergence of the treated seed in laboratory and field conditions. In the field conditions for the selected crops in different localities and in different years, was assessed the effect of treatment on the development of the crop health and yield parameters. Plasma and plasma with T. virens treatments positively affected by the model of the plant better integration of crops, the length of the cob, (shell) and yield. The combined adjustment should in oilseed rape positive effect on the faster development of the spring, the length and strength of the root, earlier flowering and ripening. In contrast, the combined adjustment for barley spring positively influenced the emergence and tillering. According to the obtained results it seems that the combined physical and biological seed treatment is an effective alternative to the chemical treatment of seeds.
|
|
|
Analysis of abiotic stress induced genes in rape
HOŠTIČKOVÁ, Irena
Breeding for abiotic stress tolerance is one of main topics in plant breeding. Oilseed rape breeding programs were for a long time focused on morphological and physiological parameters. In this thesis few experiments focused on identification of genes involved in abiotic stress reaction were performed using RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR). Simultaneously SPR (surface plasmon resonance) method were used as modern optical method facilitating very low native protein concentration even in presence of other substances. This method facilitates quantification of concrete proteins by binding them to specific antigen and in oilseed rape research it was not used by now. ERD10 protein was identified by SPR as protein involved in cold stress reaction (or acclimation). The results show ERD10 accumulation in standard conditions affects dynamics of its accumulation change during cold stress. In case we are searching for genotypes great in acclimation ability even during short and warm autumn SPR method should be suitable method for fast, easy and relatively cheap screening of large number of genotypes in breeding collections. Also genes LTI78, RCI2A, NRP1 and two genes for hypothetical proteins were analysed. Their relative expression during cold stress was markedly increased too. Very little is known about these genes and proteins nowadays therefor it will be interesting topic of our oncoming experiment. Relative expression of genes picked according to MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis results was also tested in microspore embryo regenerants stressed by simulated drought. Genes for lactoylglutathione lyase I, phospholipase D 1 and peroxiredoxin antioxidase were tested. In tolerant cultivar was markedly decreased gene expression of peroxiredoxin antioxidase in standard conditions and early stress. These gene will be subject for next research as potential marker for more tolerant genotypes selection.
|
|
|
Use of RT-PCR in stress reaction studies
HARENČÁK, Jan
The aim of this work is to evaluate the expression of the ERD10 gene for dehydrin protein and ICE1 transcription factor gene in oilseed rape, which are potentially connected to the cold stress reaction in oilseed rape. Eventhough the oilseed rape is relatively cold resistant, cold stress is an significant element reducing its yield in the Czech Republic. The analysis of expression was done using RT qPCR method in cold stressed plants of Cadeli and Navajo varieties which both show a different cold stress reaction.
|
|
|
Environmental assessment of the Czech Republic based on Water Footprint
Žlábková, Jana ; Hák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vačkář, David (referee)
This dissertation sets its goal in application of the water footprint indicator, which is a practical and multi-layered indicator of water sources consumption. Of human activities, agriculture presents the most significant demands on water sources consumption. Therefore I have turned my focus to the widely-discussed issue of biofuels production, because the input materials for production of this kind of energy are agricultural crops (in the Czech republic those are: oilseed rape, sugar beet, Indian corn and winter wheat). The calculated results of water footprints of the selected industrial crops (m3 /t) and of water footprints of the heating value units of that crops (m3 /GJ) offer us a concrete notion of energy requirements of water of that chosen industrial crops in the conditions of the Czech republic. Keywords: water footprint indicator, biofuels, oilseed rape, water consumption, biodiesel, bioethanol, evapotranspiration.
|
|
|
Effect of autumn and spring terms of azole regulators application on seed yield formation in winter oilseed rape
KRÁL, Petr
This thesis deals with the issues of the plant-growth regulators in winter rapeseed. The main part of the thesis is publishing a 2-years-old results of the year 2013/14 and 2014/15, which have been obtained from the small-plot experiments realized on the experimental land of the Faculty of Agriculture of The University of South Bohemia. Three kinds of varieties in a reduced and optimal seed quantity were included in these experiments: line (Remmy), hybrid (H906699) and variety PX 104. The optimal seed quantity was 50 seeds per square meter for a hybrid and PX 104 varieties and 60 seeds per square meter for a line variety. Reduced seed quantity was 33 seeds per square meter for the hybrid and PX 104 varieties and 40 seeds per square meter for the line variety. Three types of applications of the azole preparations were tested for each variety and seed quantity: the first control, the second - treatment in the autumn, the third option - treatments in the autumn and spring. All variants were realized in four repetitions. During the experiments it was observed the influence on the yield of seeds, weight of thousand seeds, percentage of oil, number of plants per square meter and content of the nitrogen compounds in the rapeseed meal. The highest increase of the yield (amounting to 0,94 t/ha) was recorded in 2014 in the variant of a hybrid variety with a density of 33 plants per square meter with autumn and spring application of growth regulators (control 6,82 t/ha, autumn + spring treatment by plant growth regulators - 7,76 t/ha). Similar results were achieved in 2015. In conclusion, it may be said that azole preparations achieve the best results in sparse stands of winter rapeseed.
|
|
|
Possibilities of winter rape cropstands establishment
TUPÁ, Jiřina
This thesis is concerned by importance and possibilities of winter oilseed rape growths foundation. At first, thesis briefly describes characteristics of oilseed rape and its life cycle. At second, thesis summarizes the information about demands for nutrients of particular elements which are necessary for optimal yield index, health condition, problematic of adverse effects and hibernation, diversity of species and quality of seed production. Possibilities of growths founding are related to growing technologies, which are given by experience of leading worker and financial possibilities of a company. First possibility how to prepare ideal conditions for evolution and growth is usage of classic soil preparation. Thus to use a tillage which guarantees a quality conditions for strong and deep root, which is resistant to low temperatures and pulling off the soil, therefore to losses of plants and so that to decreases of yield. Next possibility is to use a system of minimizing preparation of soil, where the tillage is skipped and replaced by loosening of soil. In this process we to thoroughly take into account weed and second growth. In the last years the second system becomes more significant. Last system to found a growth is usage of direct sowing. This system is known as soil-protective cultivation and is used when there is a lack of time to prepare seedbed. The objective of the thesis is to determine the possibilities of oilseed rape growths foundation and to explain which differences and advantages are available in particular cases. Results of the researches show that the most suitable system is to process the soil by tillage and to use sowing combination. It guarantees accurate sowing and minimizes harvest losses.
|
|
|
Importance of natural biotopes for the utilization of ecosystem services by ground beetles (Carabidae) in a winter rape field
KDOLSKÝ, Tomáš
This diploma thesis deals with the importance of semi-natural biotopes for the carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and benefits of these beetles for the production of the oilseed rape. Evaluation was done by measuring the diversity of communities of carabid beetles by pitfall trapping followed by the evaluation of total abundance, Shannon´s diversity index and the Shannon´s evenness index in the field oilseed rape and in the adjacent semi-natural biotopes. Diversity was measured at two locations (location A, B). Monitored biotopes of the location A were the meadow, the field, the unmanaged field boundary and the forest. At the site B, monitored biotopes were the meadow and the field. Carabid beetles were captured in one-week intervals continuously from May to September 2013. In total 3076 individuals represented by 78 species were captured. The most numerous species in samples were Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius, Poecilus versicolor, Pseudoophonus rufipes and Loricera pilicornis, which formed together 72 % of the total numbers. The monitored biotopes of location A did not differ significantly in total abundance (p = 0.13) nor in the Shannon´s eveness (p = 0.43). They differed by the diversity index (p = 0.03), but this accounted for difference between the field boundary and the forest biotopes (p = 0.04). No difference in the three measured parameters were found by the comparison the field sites and next semi-natural sites at locality A (i.e. meadow A/field A1, forest/field A2), nor by comparing the biotopes field and meadow in both the localities (A, B) in one model (p < 0.05). The results suggest the importance of the immigration of carabid from the semi-natural biotopes into the field, which supports the field populations of carabids and the ecosystem service of biological control provided by them.
|
|
|
Usage of plant growth regulators and stimulators in oilseed rape cultivation
KRÁL, Petr
This bachelors thesis is about the regulators and plant growth stimulators in winter rape. First, it describes basic characteristics of winter rape, its life cycle and basic agricultural engineering. Then summarizes information about individual application of regulators and stimulators of growth and their effects on the formation of yield elements, health condition, easy hibernation and quality of seed production. The essay also includes the main structure of plant hormones and explanation of the physiological effects of active substances regulators and stimulators on winter rape plants. It also gives an overview of available commercial products which may be used for different applications.
|
|
|
Rating combine harvesters John Deere 9880 and New Holland CR 9080 at harvest of cereals and oilseed rape.
WEBER, Michal
The aim of this thesis was to compare the activity and quality of work of the combine harvester New Holland CR 9080 and John Deere 9880 STS at harvest of cereals and oilseed rape and their simple economic evaluation. The thesis was focused on comparing losses and influence of moisture of harvested crops on the size of the losses, on the quality of crushing and the spreading of plant residues. Then the inf luence of moisture of harvested crops on the quality of crushing and the spreading of plant residues, analysis of performance and consumption of diesel were compared.
|
|
|
Inducers and elicitors of systemic acquired resistance of rapeseed to Leptosphaeria maculans
Šašek, Vladimír ; Burketová, Lenka
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one of the sophisticated mechanisms used by plants to defend themselves against pathogen attacks and herbivorous insects. It is based on the activation of defense mechanisms in uninfected parts of the plant. As a result the entire plant is more resistant to a secondary infection. That is very advantageous for the plant because it is too costly to have defense responses switched on all the time. Although this phenomenon was described almost fifty years ago, it received no serious attention until past decade. To use SAR widespread in integrated pest management it is necessary to describe it on molecular level and show its differences in various host-pathogen interactions.
|
guest ::
