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Neuroactive steroids and addictions
Jandíková, Hana ; Vondra, Karel (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee) ; Kršek, Michal (referee)
Neuroactive steroids are a group of steroid hormones which act non-genomically to influence the neuron excitability of neuronal synapses. Addictive substances can interfere with the synthesis of neuroactive steroids through many mechanisms, affecting their levels and changing their functionality. At the same time, neuroactive steroids play a role in the development of addiction, since their levels change during attempts to quit and therefore affect the success of treatments for addiction. This study focuses on the relationships between individual addictive substances and neuroactive steroids, the individual functional mechanisms and how they influence each other. It is generally known that addictive substances result in the release of anxiolytics that act on neuroactive steroids. This plays a role in the development of addiction. We also describe in detail the effect of smoking on steroid hormones and the endocrine system in general. Using tobacco addition as a model, we studied the relationship between addiction and neuroactive steroids. As part of my doctoral studies we performed a prospective study that followed changes in the steroid spectra induced by smoking as well as when quitting smoking. We also developed a predictive model to predict the likelihood of success in treating tobacco...
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Monitoring of a food-intake during tobacco detoxification
Braunová, Zuzana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
(teze): Úvod: Léčba závislosti na tabáku bývá často doprovázena nárůstem tělesné hmotnosti. Přesné příčiny tohoto jevu nejsou zcela známé, zásadní význam má zřejmě zvýšení příjmu energie a ztráta akutních účinků nikotinu na organismus léčených osob. Metody: Shromáždili jsme data týkající se vlivu léčby závislosti na tabáku na příjem energie a tělesnou hmotnost u 40 pacientů ve 2 pražských Centrech pro závislé na tabáku. Data byla získaná prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření. Provedli jsme také podrobné monitorování průběhu léčby závislosti s důrazem na příjem energie a hmotnost u 1 vybraného pacienta. Výsledky: Zvýšení tělesné hmotnosti po zahájení léčby závislosti na tabáku se objevilo u 77 % sledovaných osob. Zjištěný nárůst hmotnosti byl ve většině případů v rozmezí 2,5 až 7 kg. Při porovnávání příjmu energie po zahájení léčby závislosti s příjmem energie před zahájením léčby se u 50 % osob příjem energie po zahájení léčby zvýšil a u 45 % osob zůstal stejný (u 5 % došlo ke snížení příjmu energie). Příčinou zvýšení příjmu energie u některých pacientů mohl být větší pocit hladu a chuti k jídlu (zjištěno u 53 % všech osob), zvýšení chuti na sladké (uvedlo 43 % osob), řešení chuti na cigaretu konzumací jídla (zjištěno u 33 % osob), konzumace jídla z důvodu potřeby zaměstnat ruce a ústa (u 21 %...
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Coaching as a support method in the process of quitting smoking
Šmejkalová, Andrea ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This thesis deals with the possibility of using psychological coaching as a support method for smoking cessation. The theoretical section provides an overview of key information on the topics of coaching and smoking, with an emphasis primarily on the aspects applied in the qualitative research project, the description of which constitutes the content of the empirical section. On the basis of the author's preconceived original design which, in addition to the diagnostic and evaluation phases, comprised the essential stage of the three-month long coaching of nine smokers in different stages of the cessation process, the author sought to map the potential benefits, advantages and other aspects of the use of coaching as an innovative method, thusfar not commonly included among the established alternatives offered as smoking cessation intervention techniques. Keywords: coaching, smoking, tobacco dependence, smoking cessation, quitting smoking
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Aspects influencing smoking cessation in population
HAUKOVÁ, Michaela
Bachelor thesis deals with the aspects of smoking cessation in population. The work consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into 3 main sections: smoking, the effects of smoking, and smoking cessation methods. It describes the history of smoking, the emergence of smoking, addiction treatment, the harmful substances in tobacco, the negative effects of smoking, and others. The practical part consists of qualitative research using an interview with six respondents. The aim was to map the available methods of quitting smoking, to find out why a select group of smokers started smoking, and why they wanted to quit/why they quit and how they succeeded.
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