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Masculine and feminine gender in Italian: not only grammatical category
Luhanová, Eliška ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
Key words: grammatical gender, nouns, language sexism, society, lingustics This work focuses on phenomenon of nomi di azione which indicate professions, occupations or titles in Italian. In this limited group of substantives exists inequity between used masculines and feminines. The crucial source of this work is an important work of Alma Sabatini Raccomandazioni per un uso non sessista della lingua italiana (1986), which consists of recommendations for more appropriate and neutral expressions. The work managed to include this topic into the public consciousness and point out to its impact for society. Practical part of the work is based on analysis of competing forms of words, which do not fit common language standards or social conventions. These forms will be examined by five italian expository dictionaries (published between 1998 and 2007) and the Italian corpus of La Repubblica. The results attempt to map current situation and confront it with the recommendations of A. Sabatini. However, the issue is beyond the linguistics area, so the concern of this work is focused also on the socio-cultural and psychological aspects, which condition the whole situation. Among those, the relative disciplines to linguistics are mentioned - politics, mass- media and education. This work does not present clear...
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Plural Forms of Nouns in Contemporary Spanish
Hrabětová, Michaela ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
- NOUN PLURAL FORMS IN CONTEMPORARY SPANISH The topic of this work, as the title indicates, is the formation of plural of nouns in contemporary Spanish. The treatise is divided into two major parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, there is a description of the grammatical number as a grammatical category of nouns, later compared with grammatical gender. Afterwards, there is a short summary of the evolution of plural morpheme from ancient Latin to contemporary Spanish. Spanish nouns are divided into several categories according to the affects the plural form has on their meaning. A substantial part of the presented essay deals with the formal expression of plural in Spanish, meaning a description of the plural morphemes which exist in Spanish. There are specified fundamental principles regarding the formation of plural in Spanish. It is conditioned especially by the origin of the noun itself, by the features of the last letter and by several other aspects. Spanish nouns are divided into several groups with the overall objective of better comprehension. First group is formed by nouns assimilated into the Spanish morphological and phonological system, they are subsequently divided depending on their last letter. Second group comprises nouns originally from Latin, French or English...
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Form and function of nouns in Czech: relation between nominal case and syntactic function. Based on a synchronic written corpus of Czech (SYN2005)
Jelínek, Tomáš ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
The case in Czech is the basic morphological means by which nouns express their function in a sentence. The objective of this thesis is to describe, from a frequency point of view, the relation between form and function of nouns, or, more precisely, how frequently cases (both simple and prepositional) are used to realise syntactic functions in sentences. The thesis is based on one of the largest corpora of written synchronic Czech: 100-million-token corpus SYN2005. In order to obtain data on frequencies of syntactic functions of nouns in relation to their cases, we annotated the corpus SYN2005 with a dependency syntactic annotation. For this annotation, we adopted the format of the analytical layer of the Prague Dependency Treebank. The syntactic annotation has been performed by a stochastic parser: the MST parser. Since the reliability of this annotation was not high enough, we have built an automatic correction module, which identifies errors of syntactic annotation in the output of the stochastic parser and corrects these errors by means of linguistic rules. We have implemented 26 different rules, but annotation errors have been reduced by merely 6-8%. However, this correction module can be further developed. It can be used to correct the output of any dependency parser trained on the data from...
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Irregularities in the Plural Formation
LOPATÁŘOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with number in the English language, primarily, the irregularity of plural formation and the means of its expression. This work is merely theoretical. According to available grammars of the Czech and foreign authors, the work analyzes the basic characteristics about the noun and summary information is provided about plural formation. The thesis reiterates a number of specific examples of nouns. It characterizes the issue of the number and describes the expression of the productive and nonproductive plural. The last part of the work classifies foreign plural nouns.
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The Analysis of English Countability
BLECHOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the category of English countability and means of its expression. It is divided into two main parts, namely the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part puts a detailed interpretation on the issue of English countability, observes the differences between Czech and English countability of nouns and furthermore, it also contains the basic information about the noun as a part of speech. The practical part is focused on one of the means of individualization of uncountable nouns, specifically on individualization via partitives as it is called and their occurrence in periodicals currently coming out in the territory of Great Britain.
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