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The role of nociceptive synaptic transmission modulation at the spinal cord level in different pain states
Adámek, Pavel ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Vaculín, Šimon (referee) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
Pain is a common symptom of many clinical syndromes and diseases. In particular, the treatment of neuropathic pain represents a serious public health issue because currently available analgesia is ineffective in many cases or it has adverse effects. Treatment of pain-related suffering requires knowledge of how pain signals are initially generated and subsequently transmitted by the nervous system. A nociceptive system plays a key role in this process of encoding and transmission of pain signals. Modulation of the nociceptive synaptic transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn represents an important mechanism in the development and maintenance of different pathological pain states. This doctoral thesis has aimed to investigate and clarify some of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of the spinal nociceptive processing in different pain states. The main attention was paid to study the following issues: (I.) Which is the role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 channels (TRPV1), Toll-Like Receptors 4 (TLR4), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the development of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel (PAC) chemotherapy in acute in vitro, and subchronic in vivo murine model of PAC-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN)? (II.) How is affected spinal inhibitory synaptic control...
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The role of ghrelin in modulation of neuropathic pain
Komárková, Lucia ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Franěk, Miloslav (referee)
We are still unable to effectively suppress neuropathic pain, therefore it remains a serious problem. Ghrelin, the orexigenic hormone released by enteroendocrine stomach cells, could contribute to alleviation of the neuropathic pain by its antinociceptive effect. Previous studies have shown that ghrelin prevents development of nociceptive symptoms of neuropathic pain. The aim of our study was to determine whether chronic administration of ghrelin will affect the already fully developed neuropathic pain and differentiate its antinociceptive and analgesic effect. We used a model of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. We have proven that ghrelin suppressed the already developed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, so ghrelin not only prevents the development, but also suppresses the already developed nociceptive symptoms. However analgesia test showed that ghrelin did not affect the temperature preference, neither did induce the place preference. We suppose that ghrelin does not cause analgesia in neuropathic pain and its antinociceptive effect could be caused by anti- inflammatory or neuroprotective action. Key words: Ghrelin, neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury, preference methods
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Role of cannabinoids in the neuropathic pain.
Markup, Emil ; Hejnová, Lucie (advisor) ; Nerandžič, Vladimír (referee)
Pain is for mankind necessary tool for survival. Although pain is associated with unpleasant sensoric and emotional experience, its informations about real or potential tissue damage is critical to our well being. If pain becomes long-term and is no longer associated with tissue damage or healing process, then the pain becomes neuropathic pain, which have no physiological meaning and is considered a disease. Endocannabinoids system receptors affect many physiological functions, but they are the most famous for analgesic properties. Phytocannabinoids contained in cannabis plant and synthetic cannabinoids made by people bind to receptors in central nervous system and in body periphery and disrupt transmission of nociceptive signal. This paper reviews basic informations about cannabioids and their role in treatment of neuropathic pain. Understanding of endocannabinoid system mechanisms can lead to better and precisely targeted analgesics. Key words: neuropathic pain, cannabinoid receptors, natural cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, marijuana
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Molecular physiology of low-voltage-activated T-type channels in neuropathic pain
Pelant, Tomáš ; Weiss, Norbert (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Low-voltage activated T-type channels contribute significantly to signal transmission in ascending pain pathway. Their electrophysiological and biochemical properties allow them to modulate neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. Alterations of electric currents associated with a number of neuronal disorders, including neuropathic pain and epilepsy, have been linked to this subtype of calcium channel, suggesting its prominent role in modulation of neuronal response to various noxious stimuli. Multiple diseases, such as diabetes, cancer or chronic nerve injury, are accompanied by painful neuropathic conditions. Specific inhibitors of T-type channels have been demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of neuropathic pain in mouse models, showing their potential for development of novel type of drugs possibly more effective than traditional analgesics, which exhibit minor effect in neuropathic pain treatment.
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Case study of physiotherapy care of patient with inflammatory polyneuropathy
Pernicová, Alice ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Hamouzová, Dita (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy care of patient with inflammatory polyneuropathy Objectives: Summary of theoretical knowledge and processing of study reports of patients diagnosed with inflammatory polyneropathy. Methods: Thesis is divided into two parts - general and specific section. The general section includes professional information about polyneuropathy, dividing of polyneuropathy, clinical picture of patients, treatment a physiotherapy. Specific part of the thesis contain case study and rehabilitation plan. The case study was prepared at the time of practise from January 2 to January 27 2017 at the rehabilitation department in Hospital Kladno. Keywords: Polyneuropathy, physiotherapy, case study, neuropathic pain
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Methods using preference in pain research
Komárková, Lucia ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Mrózková, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with neuropathic pain measurement in laboratory mice and rats. Neuropathic pain is characterized besides evoked allodynia and hyperalgesia also by spontaneous pain and anhedonia, further motivational-affective part of pain is highlighted. Traditional pain threshold testing is not appropriate method to measure these aspects of pain. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to describe preference methods in pain research. We focused on three methods - conditioned place preference, sucrose preference test and thermal place preference. The first mentioned method creates an association between pain relief and a specific place, which afterwards the animal prefers. The conditioned place preference can be used to detect spontaneous pain. Sucrose preference test monitors decrease in consumption of sugar water after exposure to chronic pain, which can be interpreted as a sign of depression, so thanks to this method we have the opportunity to explore the interaction between pain and depression. The thermal place preference method studies changes of preferences between the cold and hot plate after induction of pain or analgesics. The findings based on preference methods help us to examine all aspects of neuropathic pain and develop more options for pain treatment.
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Case study of physiotherapy care for patients with Subacute sensomotoric axonal polyneuropathy
Krátká, Gabriela ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Štiková, Barbora (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy care for patients with Subacute sensomotoric axonal polyneuropathy . Objective: Summary of theoretical knowledge and the processing of study reports of patients diagnosed with Subacute sensomotoric axonal polyneuropathy. Abstract: This thesis is dividend into two main parts - general and special section. The general part includes anatomical and neurophysiological aspects of CIP characterized by its brief history, treatment, diagnosis, and precipitating factors. The special part is devoted to a case study and rehabilitation plan for the patient. The summary of the theoretical knowledge and the main goal of therapy was the recovery of a patient into a state most simile to full health. The case study was prepared at the time of practice from January 22nd to February 4th 2011 at the neurology department at the district hospital in Kladno a.s. Keywords: polyneuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, axonal and demylinating lesions, neuropathic pain, critical illness weakness Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of angiotensin receptors in neuropathic pain
Kalynovska, Nataliia ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating disorders. Currently available treatments for neuropathic pain are still unsatisfactory as they have only limited treatment effect and patients may suffer from unwanted side effects. Mechanism-based approaches to neuropathic pain treatment are considered to be more effective. Therefore multiple studies are dedicated to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain. One of the possible underlying mechanism that causes neuropathic pain is neuroinflammation. Recent studies suggested that angiotensin II ( main effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system) via its receptors in the central nervous system may be involved in the neuroinflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin receptor type 1 in the developement and maintenance of neuropathic pain induced in animal model. Spinal nerve ligation (L5) was used as a model of peripheral neuropathy. Our results showed that treatment with AT1R blocker losartan markedly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and reduced increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in the SNL-operated rats.This indicates a possibly significant role of AT1 receptors in the development of neuropathic pain, probably due to reduction of neuroinflammation in the nervous system. These findings...
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Psychoneuroimmunology of alexithymia
Uher, Tomáš ; Bob, Petr (advisor) ; Boleloucký, Zdeněk (referee) ; Smolík, Petr (referee)
Alexithymia represents a deficit in identifying and expressing emotions, paucity of fantasies, and an externally oriented cognitive style. Currently, numerous studies document that alexithymia and several mental and somatic disorders are significantly related. Several findings also indicate that this association might be caused by alexithymia related dysregulation of neuroendocrine and immune functions. Together these findings indicate that stressors related to alexithymia could underlie the process of neuroendocrine and immune dysregulation that likely may present a significant risk, sustaining and mediating pathogenesis of several disorders and particulary psychosomatic illnesses. In this context, it is also known that several proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in pain generation and that alexithymia is significantly associated with pain symptoms in several pain disorders. Following these findings this study includes several new data developing current state of the art and showing some alexithymia specific changes in patients with neurological disorders. Main finding of this study shows that alexithymia and anxiety in their specific interactions are linked to increased levels of interleukine-8 (IL-8) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the group of patients with non-inflammatory neurological...
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Physiological significance of pain
Zámostná, Kateřina ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Pain is defined as a physiological process associated with negative emotional experience which warns our body about impending damage. Apart from neuropathic pain, which by definition has no purpose, pain in effect provides a defensive function. However, this role is already being fulfilled by a different mechanism - the defensive reflex, which is evolutionarily older. Therefore we can ask, whether pain is only an emotional experience attached to this reflex, or if it has its own functions. To determine the physiological purpose of pain a rare syndrome of congenital analgesia, characterized by complete absence of pain, will be used. Based on a comparison of clinical cases of the syndrome with a population without pain disorders individual functions of pain will be described and connected to the individual components of pain - sensory- discriminatiory and affective-motivational. The sensory-discriminatory component provides a defensive, diagnostic and an informative function. The defensive function is analogous to the defensive reflex. The informative function transmits information about a physiological process, where pain plays a key role - labour. Diagnostic function applies in medicine and is based on verbal description of the defensive function. Functions of the SD component are involved at the time of...
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