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Changes in mid-European bat fauna along the Plio/Pleistocene boundary: denus Myotis
Trávníčková, Eva ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Wagner, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis summarizes results of the detailed morphometric analysis of extensive fossil materials of the genus Myotis from the upper Pliocene deposits of Javoříčské caves (Czech Republic) and Urwista cave (Poland). Patterns of phenotype variation of particular fossil populations were analyzed with aid of uni- and multivariation techniques, compared with type series of fossil taxa described from MN15 site Gundersheim and a comparative series of extant European species. Nine fossil and 10 extant species were identified and further reexamined in terms of their phenotype variation and possible phylogenetic relations. The phenotype structure of fossil assemblages were compared to that of Gundersheim and extant European fauna: samples from Urwista cave show clear resemblances to the former one, those from Javoříčské cave exhibit certain similarities to the extant European fauna despite clear differences in variation patterns of particular species. Technical preparation, documentation by photographic material, measurement and statistical analysis is included in this work. Key words: bats, Pliocene, phenotype dynamics, community structure
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Abundance trends and range dynamics in European bats.
Žabková, Klára ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Bachelor thesis sumarizes available data about bat abundance in middle Europe, especially in the Czech republic. Populations of bats are usually dynamic, which is given by their high sensitivity to environmental changes. Many of these changes are man made, for instance landscape management, agricultural intensification or disturbing bats during hibernation. Impact of global warming on bat abundance and range distribution is also discussed, because it could explain the occurance of mediterranean species Hypsugo savii in Moravia In my thesis, I focus on possible causes of strong population decrease of Rhinolophus hipposideros in 70's in the middle Europe, which led to establishement of monitoring programms accross Europe. Project "Monitoring bats in underground hibernacula" has started in Czechoslovakia in 1969, and it has provided valuable and relevant data. I also compare methods for monitoring bats, because there isn't any effective universal method for censusing all species under all circumstances, due to their specific behavioral habits. Counting bats in underground hibernacula appears to be the most efficient, especially for species such as Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis myotis and Plecotus spp. Statistic methods are used to estimate colony size, Lincoln-Peterson method seems to be the most suitable...
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Altitudinal migrations in animals and their study methods
Zenklová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Petr (referee)
Migration as a response to the seasonality of the environment is common in many animal taxa. Strong fluctuation of the climate is usually connected to regions in the temperate zone, quite common is in the tropical regions as well. Typically, it is even more pronounced in high altitudes. In such environment, many animals could migrate altitudinaly as a response to changes in the climatic conditions or food abundance. But determinants of altitudinal and long-distance latitudinal migrations could be different. The objective of this work is to determine factors influencing altitudinal migrations in diverse taxa (particularly in birds and bats) and in different biogeographical regions. I am trying to find some common features of migrating species, such as diet or temperature and rain tolerance. Especially tropical species are partial migrants, which means that only some individuals of the population migrate. I will discuss common features of such migrating infividuals. Study methods of altitudinal migration will be a part of this research as well. The work will be primarily concentrated on tropical regions.
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Feeding ecology of bats in the eastern Mediterranean
Žďárská, Lenka ; Andreas, Michal (advisor) ; Gajdošík, Martin (referee)
This work gives an overview of the composition of the diet of bats in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, discusses the structure of bat communities in different bioregions of the area in terms of hunting strategies and resource partitioning and last but not least, how echolocation and morphological characteristics of bats affect the composition of the diet. Although some samples were relatively small therefore it is necessary to look soberly at their informative value, and thus their importance is undeniable. The study in some cases provides completely the first information regarding the composition of diet in several species. Asellia arabica mainly catches Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae), Triaenops persicus hunts Lepidoptera, but Heteroptera, Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae) and Orthoptera too, while Triaenops parvus is a specialist in hunting Lepidoptera. Rhinopoma muscatellum hunts mainly Formicoidea, followed by Coleoptera (Melolonthinae) and Heteroptera, Rhinopoma hadramauticum hunts Formicoidea. Lepidoptera of different size, Heteroptera and Coleoptera are the prey of Chaerephon nigeriae. Pipistrellus hanaki has a wide niche breadth as other species of the genus Pipistrellus. In this study Brachycera, Auchenorrhyncha and Coleoptera primarily occurred in its diet. Not yet described species of...
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Microclimate of different types of roosts in temperate bats: a review
Oppelová, Tereza ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Jahelková, Helena (referee)
Chiropteran (Chiroptera) are still not so much explored order. It may be because of their night activity, hidden way of life and in large measure misunderstanding and mistrustfulness of people. Despite of progress during of last decade many of species are still insufficiently explored. Temperate bats are exhibited to many adverse conditions. Low temperature, temperature instability and seasonal food shortages forces bats to reduce their energetically costs to minimum. The need to adapt to these conditions leads to make new adaptations like torpor, social thermo genesis and hibernation. The important role is also choice of suitable roost with protection not only of bad weather and predators, but also with suitable microclimate, which helps to bats with energetically management.
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Behavioral ecology of reproduction of a bat, Myotis myotis.
Porteš, Michal ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Benda, Petr (referee)
Order Chiroptera is characterized by great variability in foraging, roost and social strategies. Polygamy is the most common mating system in this order and resource-defence polygyny is a typical strategy used by most of bats. The source which male defends is represented by roost and territory or by females in case of harems. Another strategy is represented by multi-male and multi-female autumn meeting at so-called swarming sites. With relatively non-specialized forms, the genus Myotis is widespread all over the world except arctic regions and is found in great number of biotops including tropical mountain forests and subarid regions. M. myotis and M. blythii/oxygnathus are two cryptic species which can be distinguished in morphological, biogeographical and ecological parameters. In central Europe, M. myotis uses synantropic roosts and recently started to use a highway bridges, mainly in autumn. Seasonal organization of population represents typical temperate cycle. The organization of maternity colonies reacts on different thermal conditions by changing aggregation in order to stay in thermal optimum. There is an intensive communication between females and juveniles in maternity colonies as well as between males and females in mating sites. Although that M.myotis is intensively studied in Europe,...
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Microscopic fungi in caves and other underground shelters
Horáková, Karolína ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Hujslová, Martina (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is meant as a literature search concerned with diversity of microscopic fungi in caves, prospectively in underground spaces which were made by humankind. The caves represent unique environment for living organisms which is characteristic with specific microclimatic conditions and with deficient sources of nutrients. I have concentrated my focus to micromycetes which were isolated from sediments, atmosphere, dead insect and excrements in caves. The next part of my Bachelor thesis is aimed at species Geomyces destructans which causes so called white-nose syndrome illness - geomycosis on hibernating bats. It is an actual problem which interests scientists such as mycologists, zoologists and parasitologists.
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Bats as a significant reservoir of pathogenic viruses.
FRANKOVÁ, Martina
This thesis is about bats as reservoirs of viruses with zoonotic potential. It describes the outbreaks of the diseases caused by bats, the ways how the bats get infected and the spreading of the viruses in the bat´s body. It also portrays how the bats transmit the viruses and which viruses they carry. Further it describes the methods of the research of bats and viruses they carry.
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Výzkum ekologie a rozšíření‚ návrh managementu populací a záchranných programů zvláště chráněných druhů živočichů: Projekty aktivní podpory ohrožených živočichů v České republice
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Nová, Petra ; Marhoul, Pavel ; Kumstátová, Tereza
Snahou sborníku je pokusit se shrnout dosavadní zkušenosti s aktivní podporou některých ohrožených živočichů a využít je pro další rozvoj a zefektivnění projektů tohoto typu. Realizovaných projektů bylo velké množství, mnohé z nich po sobě nezanechaly žádnou publikační ani jinou stopu, jiné jsou zdokumentovány pouze nedostatečně a nelze je nijak hodnotit. Do hodnocení se tak dostaly zejména projekty hrazené z veřejných rozpočtů, u kterých je stanovena povinnost podání zprávy o realizaci projektu. Hodnoceny byly aktivity realizované od roku 1980, v případě, že byl určitý projekt významný z metodologického hlediska nebo má přímé vazby na současnost, bylo možno zahrnout i projekty starší. Hodnocení celostátně koordinovaných projektů a dále všech, u kterých došlo k jakýmkoliv reintrodukcím. Projekty byly věnovány těmto živočichům: vodní měkkýši, rak říční, motýli, blanokřídlí, ryby, obojživelníci, želva bahenní, ještěrka zelená, ostatní plazi, užovka stromová, hohol severní, drop velký, tetřev hlušec, čáp bílý, moták lužní, puštík bělavý, sova pálená, sýček obecný, sýc rousný, ledňáček říční, netopýři, sysel obecný, bobr evropský, vydra říční a rys ostrovid.
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