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Food competition between waterbirds and fish
Bečvář, Viktor ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Musil, Petr (referee)
Food competition between waterbirds and fish can be a crucial factor in todays wetland ecosystems. In certain situations it can be decisive if a specific site is still suitable for waterbirds or not. Large aquatic invertebrats are often shared food resource. Situations where specific waterbirds and fish compete for this resource were described in many wetland habitats. Fish are often much more effective in acquiring food to the point when this relationship can be described as asymetrical competition. The level of competition can be also influenced by various envirometal factors or different attributes of waterbird and fish populations. The knowledge obtained by studing this relationship can be then used in management of protected areas and comercially used waterbodies.
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Carboniferous tropical ecosystems of euramerican province
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the tropical terrestrial ecosystems of Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) time. It is especially focussed on description of the Carboniferous tropical forest and its components. Introductory parts of the thesis deal with the general characteristics of Carboniferous period, including fauna and flora, distributions of continents and how was the climate of this period. Second part follows the characteristics of particular components of the Carboniferous tropical forest, i.e. of individual plant groups and genera, and their ecological demands. Characterised are plants and their assemblages in tropical lowlands as well as in upland areas, rarely preserved in sedimentary record. In the next part I characterise the dynamics of the forest of Carboniferous tropics and discuss potential mechanisms which controlled the floristic changes including plant extinction. The role of climate changes, which had great influence on vegetation, is discussed as the possible main control. In the separate chapter I describe extinction of arborescent lycopsids. Key words: ecosystem, tropical forest, lowland, climate changes
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Influence of temperate zone wetlands drying and overgrowth on bird diversity and abundance
Tuháček, Filip ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
Wetlands, the essential ecosystems, contain plenty of animal and plant species. Due to their various types and characters, wetlands support very different organisms, especially birds. Animals are thanks to their adaptation made for life in water, and some species are water-dependent - they use wetlands to forage and as breeding sites or nesting sites. Birds, and mainly waterbirds, require var- ious habitat characteristics because some of these habitats are due to bird diverse ecology suitable just for a few bird species. Wetlands drying and overgrown is a major threat for these ecosystems, and they are influencing birds in different ways. The efficiency of hunt or food availability may be affected by both changes in water depth and the density and extent of vegetation. These variables have a diverse effect on nesting birds, firstly on habitat selection for nesting and secondly on nesting success and survival mainly because of predators, because predation tends to be increasing with decreasing both water depth and nest cover. In terms of possible wetland management and restora- tion, we have to remember that we cannot generalize these effects for all bird species. Possibilities are creating new wetlands or restoration, such as vegetation cutting, burning, and livestock grazing. These options bring...
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River and floodplain restoration of Rohelnice stream with intergation to territorial systems of ecological stability
Komárková, Adéla ; Hubačíková,, Věra (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
This work deals with the state of watercourses, the territorial system of ecological stabi-lity and the possibilities of improvement for a state close to nature. The Rohelnice river basin and the solved watercourses are located in the Olomouc Region in the Morava River Basin. HEM - Hydroecological monitoring is a part of the assessment of the state of watercourses, which is a requirement of the European Water Framework Directive. The work contains the elaboration of a literature search on this topic with a focus on water retention in the landscape and the possibility of improving ecological stability in the basin. The content of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the hydromorphological status of watercourses in the Rohelnice river basin with the selection of sections on watercourses and places in the wider river basin for elements of ecological stability on the basis of zoning plans of affected cities and municipalities and improvement of the overall ecological status in the Rohelnice river basin.
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Studie návrhu malé vodní nádrže
Petriľáková, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the proposal of revitalization in the cadastral area of Viničné Šumice. It deals with descriptions and calculations of river basin characteristics. Another integral part was the identification of natural conditions, detailed field research, sampling of soil samples together with laboratory tests and their evaluation. After the survey, laboratory analysis and landscape assessment, the most suitable solution to the construction of a smaller number of pools was proposed.
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Degradace mokřadní vegetace na Velkomeziříčsku a možnosti její obnovy
Oulehla, Jan
The thesis deals with degradation of wetland vegetation in the southeastern Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Based on detailed historical data, a comparison between the historical (20 years ago) and current state of selected wetland sites in the vicinity of Velké Meziříčí town was made. Historical development, current vegetation description and comparison with the historical situation are described for each locality. The results of the work are based on the testimony of witnesses, consultations with the author of the main historical source, maps and own floristic and phytosociological surveys that took place in 2015–2018. 23 sites were resurveyed in total, where 20 of them were found as more or less degraded. Seven of the wetland sites disappeared at all. Furthermore, local extinction is illustrated on six selected endangered wetland species. An integral part is the identification of the causes of degradation, where vegetation succession following the absence of management, drainage and nutrient input (eutrophication) are of the highest importance. Restoration options based on practical examples of good care are described to solve degradation. Phytosociological plots, photographs and lists of found species can be found in the annexes.
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Problémy současného rozvoje vesnických sídel a možnosti jejich řešení
Kuklová, Alexandra
The thesis deals with the current state of the countryside. Especially the issues related to agricultural landscapes and their shortcomings and other related issues. Literature search, in addition to the general description of the contemporary countryside, its condition and functions, the literature search is also dedicated to the countryside of the South Moravian Region, which is then related to the selected model object Tvrdonice, which is located in this region. Literature search also seeks to outline the above-mentioned issues of agricultural landscapes and to focus on possible solutions. One of the main problems is the perception of wind erosion and the poor and dysfunctional condition of many existing windbreaks. That is why a part of the proposals focusing on the gradual renewal of existing windbreaks and proposing their new network are also addressed. The design section is also dedicated to wetland, mainly to exploit landscape potential and increase the ecological stability of the area and to support biodiversity.
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Design of erosion and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice
Ujházy, Adriana ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Sobotková, Veronika (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with design of soil erosion control measures and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice. The request for construction came from the village Palkovice. It sits at the foothills of Beskydy with a very sloping terrain. In addition, there are larger soil complexes without any erosion control measures, which leads to degradation and reduction of soil yields. The introduction summarizes desired objectives. Then thesis deals with the description and analysis of the current state of the village and its solution. The solution of technical measures is depicted in the situation and elaborated in more detail. The drawings are enclosed in attachment. The conclusion summarizes the content of the work, achieved goals and benefits.
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