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Comparison of microbial interactions of zinc oxide nanomaterials in various size and shape
Rutherford, D. ; Jíra, J. ; Mičová, J. ; Remeš, Zdeněk ; Hsu, H.S. ; Rezek, B.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) have shown great potential as a novel antibacterial material at a time when resistance towards conventional antibiotics is becoming more prevalent. We report bacteria inactivation by ZnO NP with novel hedgehog-like morphology using model gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. E. coli exposed to the novel ZnO hedgehog NP during growth resulted in 4 orders of magnitude reduction in viable cell concentration after 24 h, which is more than 2 orders higher reduction compared to commercially available ZnO NPs with nominal sizes from 50 nm to 20 um. There was a positive correlation between hedgehog NP concentration and bacteria cell concentration reduction within the range tested 0.1 – 1.0 mg/mL. S. aureus was less sensitive to ZnO NP exposure and inactivation effect of various ZnO NP, was comparable. The effect can be thus attributed to direct mechanical damage of the bacterial mebrane that is the most effective for the novel hedgehog ZnO NP. This conclusion was corroborated also by disk diffusion assays.\n
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Scanning Electron Microscopy and its Applications for Sensitive Samples
Hrubanová, Kamila ; Nováček, Jiří (referee) ; Schröfel,, Adam (referee) ; Krzyžánek, Vladislav (advisor)
Předložená dizertační práce s názvem “Rastrovací elektronová mikroskopie a její aplikace pro senzitivní vzorky” pojednává o problematice rastrovací elektronové mikroskopie v kontextu instrumentálního a metodologického vývoje vedoucího k inovativnímu řešení, které je dobře aplikovatelné zejména v mikrobiologickém výzkumu. Součástí práce je rozprava o historii a současném stavu elektronové mikroskopie (EM) jakožto vědecké zobrazovací a analytické techniky, tato část se nachází v úvodních kapitolách. Nepopiratelný přínos EM v biologických a lékařských oborech je dokazován mnoha citovanými vědeckými publikacemi. Předložená dizertační práce přináší novinky z oblasti přípravy preparátů a kryogenní rastrovací elektronové mikroskopie (cryo-SEM) vyvinuté na pracovišti Ústavu přístrojové techniky AV ČR, v.v.i. v Brně. Jedná se především o návrhy a výrobu speciálních držáků vzorků a vývoj nových metodik v oblasti přípravy mikrobiologických preparátů vedoucích k nalezení optimálních parametrů jednotlivých procesů. V experimentální části se nachází ověření metodologických postupů při studiu hydratovaných a na elektronový svazek senzitivních preparátů. Následné srovnání různých přístupů na definovaném biologickém systému z oblasti mikrobiologie přispívá k rozšíření interpretace doposud známých výsledků. Mezi zkoumanými mikrobiologickými kmeny byly biofilm-pozitivní bakterie Staphylococcus epidermidis a kvasinky jako Candida albicans a Candida parapsilosis, jež jsou považovány za klinicky významné, protože se podílejí na vzniku závažných infekcí zejména u imunokompromitovaných pacientů. Dále byl studován vliv růstu biofilmu bakterie Bacillus subtilis na biodeteriorizaci a biodegradaci poly--kaprolaktonových fólií. Vývoj v oblasti cryo-SEM byl aplikován ve výzkumu mikrobů s biotechnologickým potenciálem, jako jsou např. Cupriavidus necator a Sporobolomyces shibatanus.
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Annual report 2014
VÚPP
The publication describes the activities of the Food Research Institute Prague in 2014. This activity is mainly focused on improving the level of the population's diet and on improving the supply of food, on improving the processes of food processing, on the development of special foods for groups of people with extraordinary health food demands, on the search and development of related control and evaluation methods , analytics including the performance of specific analyzes, and the development and manufacture of special measuring equipment and techniques. Data on the structure and organs of the institution, basic statistical data, results of the main (research) activities of the institute and other activities (pedagogical, educational, advisory activities, representation in national bodies, boards and commissions, international activities). The publication is bilingual (cz + en).
Fulltext:  PDF
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Annual report 2013
VÚPP
The publication describes the activities of the Food Research Institute Prague in 2010. This activity is mainly focused on improving the level of the population's diet and on improving the supply of food, on improving the processes of food processing, on the development of special foods for groups of people with extraordinary health food demands, on the search and development of related control and evaluation methods , analytics including the performance of specific analyzes, and the development and manufacture of special measuring equipment and techniques. Data on the structure and organs of the institution, basic statistical data, results of the main (research) activities of the institute and other activities (pedagogical, educational, advisory activities, representation in national bodies, boards and commissions, international activities). The publication is bilingual (cz + en).
Fulltext: PDF
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Annual report 2012
VÚPP
The publication describes the activities of the Food Research Institute Prague in 2012. This activity is mainly focused on improving the level of the population's diet and on improving the supply of food, on improving the processes of food processing, on the development of special foods for groups of people with extraordinary health food demands, on the search and development of related control and evaluation methods , analytics including the performance of specific analyzes, and the development and manufacture of special measuring equipment and techniques. Data on the structure and organs of the institution, basic statistical data, results of the main (research) activities of the institute and other activities (pedagogical, educational, advisory activities, representation in national bodies, boards and commissions, international activities). The publication is bilingual (cz + en).
Slides: PDF
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Annual report 2011
VÚPP
The publication describes the activities of the Food Research Institute Prague in 2011. This activity is mainly focused on improving the level of the population's diet and on improving the supply of food, on improving the processes of food processing, on the development of special foods for groups of people with extraordinary health food demands, on the search and development of related control and evaluation methods , analytics including the performance of specific analyzes, and the development and manufacture of special measuring equipment and techniques. Data on the structure and organs of the institution, basic statistical data, results of the main (research) activities of the institute and other activities (pedagogical, educational, advisory activities, representation in national bodies, boards and commissions, international activities). The publication is bilingual (cz + en).
Fulltext: PDF
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Ecology of yeasts in forest soils
Mašínová, Tereza ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Marečková, Markéta (referee) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Microbial communities inhabiting upper soil horizons represent an important component of forest ecosystems. However, despite the evidence that yeasts represent an integral part of topsoil fungal communities, their role in forest ecosystems received so far little attention. The aims of my PhD thesis were to describe yeast communities in soil and litter of a temperate forest using high- throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, identify dominant yeast species and to explore how the composition of yeast communities reflects the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. I also aimed to isolate yeasts from forest topsoil, describe novel yeast taxa abundant according to the environmental DNA survey and screen representative isolates for the traits relevant to their involvement in organic matter transformation. I have demonstrated that in forest topsoil, yeasts represent a substantial proportion of fungal communities with higher relative abundance in soil than in litter. In litter, yeast communities differ significantly among beech, oak and spruce-dominated stands. Drivers of community assembly are probably more complex in soils and comprise the effects of soil chemistry and vegetation. Even though there are similarities in the response of the communities of yeasts and filamentous fungi to...
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