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Invasive structures of cancer cells in 3D environment
Lyková, Dominika ; Tolde, Ondřej (advisor) ; Libusová, Lenka (referee)
The ability of cells to migrate through tissue barriers plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes including immune response or invasiveness of cancer cells. The cells generate cytoplasmic protrusions called podosomes and invadopodia, collectively known as invadosomes or podosome-type adhesions (PTA), which are thought to be the key structures of cell invasion, especially of cancer cells during metastasis. Invadosomes are F-actin rich cell-matrix contacts with capability to degrade extracellular matrix components and are observed both in normal cells (such as monocytic cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) and in cancer cells. This bachelor thesis is focused on those in cancer cells, their initiation, regulation, function and morphology in 3D and in vivo and their requirement for tumor metastasis.
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Regulation of transcription by proteins of the Early growth response and Myb families
Čermák, Vladimír ; Dvořák, Michal (advisor) ; Vomastek, Tomáš (referee) ; Elleder, Daniel (referee)
The regulation of transcription of tens of thousands of genes in a vertebrate organism is an enormously complex phenomenon which entails the participation of thousands of various regulatory proteins. The largest functional category of these regulators is accounted for by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins known as transcription factors. Proteins of the EGR and Myb families of transcription factors are long-studied regulators of a variety of physiological processes including cellular proliferation and differentiation. The structural and physical aspects of their function have been well characterized. Their cell-type specific participation in complex gene-regulatory networks, on the other hand, is still incompletely understood and represents a major challenge in the respective research areas. Preliminary analysis of gene expression data from metastasizing PR9692 and non- metastasizing PR9692-E9 chicken sarcoma cell lines revealed that the transcription factor EGR1 is expressed at a higher level in metastasizing cells and can thus take part in the regulatory processes that underlie the differences between the two cell lines. Further investigation demonstrated that the introduction of exogenous EGR1 into PR9692-E9 cells restored their metastatic potential to a level indistinguishable from PR9692...
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Segmentation of 3D image data using advanced textural and shape features
Novosadová, Michaela ; PhD, Miloš Malínský, (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis first describes theory of range of methods of textural and shape analysis. In several published articles some of the mentioned methods are used for automatic detection of lesion in spine in CT images. Some of these articles are shortly presented (in this thesis). Next part of the thesis includes description of various classifiers which are used for classification of feature vectors. Practical part of the thesis is a design and implementation of image data segmentation solution (metastatic lesions in vertebrae) with use of classification of feature vectors formed by texture and shape symptoms. The thesis also deals with the selection of significant features for segmentation. Segmentation algorithm is tested on medical data.
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