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Reuse of wastewater in multifunctional buldings
Skřička, Jakub ; Úterský, Michal (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis presents reader with current knowledge in the field of gray wastewater reuse. The theoretical part describes the current state of water in the world, thus characterizes wastewater and describes its treatment. Further, this section describes the possibility of obtaining thermal energy from wastewater. At the end of the theoretical part, the reader is presented with some existing buildings in the Czech Republic that use the wastewater re-use technology system. In the following practical part, all the knowledge from the theoretical part are applied for a concrete project of construction of a graywater re-use technology system in the area of Vlněna in Brno city.
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The Influence of Surface Treatment and Activation of Thin Film Composite Membranes with Plasma Discharge and Determination of Their Physicochemical Properties.
Slepička, P. ; Setničková, Kateřina ; Petrusová, Zuzana ; Slepičková-Kasálková, N. ; Kolská, Z. ; Siegel, J. ; Jansen, J. C. ; Esposito, E. ; Fuoco, A. ; Švorčík, V. ; Izák, Pavel
In this work we have focused on the surface treatment and activation of membranes (73 AC and 82 V) with plasma discharge and determination of their physicochemical properties. The surface morphology, wettability, zeta potential of pristine and plasma- treated membranes were tested and compared.
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Lipid Membranes at the Nanoscale: Single-Molecule Fluorescence Approach
Koukalová, Alena ; Černý, Jan (advisor) ; Malínský, Jan (referee) ; Benda, Aleš (referee)
The complexity of cell membranes is far from being only a simple assembly of lipids and proteins separating cells from the surrounding environment. Each of the thousands of different membrane components performs its specific role in cellular functions, since a multitude of biological processes is mediated by membranes. The understanding of the molecular basis of these processes is one of the important aims of current biological research. Our research employing single- molecule fluorescence methods (e.g. FCS, FCCS, FLIM-FRET) has made a contribution to the knowledge of membrane lateral organization or mechanism of membrane fusion. Furthermore, we revealed the mechanism of membrane activity of a small natural compound. As native cell membranes are very complex structures, we performed the experiments on simplified model lipid membranes that allow studying lipid-lipid or lipid-protein interactions at the molecular level in a controlled way. The first part of this thesis deals with the mode of action of a membrane active secondary metabolite didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR). We demonstrated that DDHR is a pore-forming agent and that this activity is influenced by the presence of cholesterol. Direct visualization of intrinsic fluorescence of DDHR revealed its preferential partitioning into membrane areas...
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Novel materials for membrane gas separation
Giel, Verena ; Pientka, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Izák, Pavel (referee) ; Vopička, Ondřej (referee)
The implementation of polymer membranes in gas separation applications has been investigated to a great extent. Nevertheless, only a few types of polymers are used in commercial applications, disclosing the need for new materials with superior membrane performance to make membrane processes a more competitive technology over the conventional ones. Based on this context, this work focuses on the development of new polymeric membranes. Polyaniline (PANI), a multifaceted polymer that can change its structural properties upon various modification procedures, was chosen as membrane material. PANI membranes possess attractive O2/N2 selectivities, wherefore it is an interesting candidate for the use in gas separation applications, such as generation of oxygen-enriched air or inert gas generation. However, membranes made from neat PANI are suffering from brittleness and thus create leak paths through the membrane. Therefore PANI was blended with polybenzimidazole (PBI), a temperature stable polymer with good film-forming properties facilitating the preparation of thin, stable polymer films. Furthermore, several techniques were investigated including acid-doping, thermal treatment, and addition of titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) to enhance the separation properties. The materials that have been prepared are: 1)...
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Laboratory Separation of Methanol from the Azeotropic Mixture (25 wt% Methanol and 75 wt% trimethylborate.
Gaálová, Jana ; Vojtek, Lukáš ; Izák, Pavel
The work deals with laboratory separation of methanol from the azeotropic mixture (25 wt% methanol and 75 wt% trimethylborate). Four different manufactured membranes were tested. For all except one separation, separation was more or less successful. With PVA 4155-80 / 2871 the separation proceeded with good results, but very slowly, a condition that could increase the reaction rate could be an increase of temperature. Most selective membrane from Sulzer was PDMS 4155 -30/305 R, which separated MeOH with high efficiency and fast enough. The completely opposite effect than pervious membranes had the membrane PDMS 4060, which instead of MeOH separated Trimethylborate.
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Purification of Flue Gas by Means of Membranes.
Bobák, M. ; Žitková, Andrea ; Vejražka, Jiří ; Červenka, Vojtěch ; Maršálek, J. ; Izák, Pavel
The aim of this work is to test our new patented method of water condensing membrane for flue gas purification. Moreover, our objective is also to compare our unique separation method with polymeric membranes being nowadays developed primarily for carbon capture (CC). Nevertheless, these membranes and whole CC technology have also solve the problem of the other pollutants like SO2, NOx and HX. We would like to find out whether the new separation method could be as efficient as the current polymeric membranes represented by the results of several academic investigations and pilot tests performed by membrane producers. It seems that it would be very advantageous and reasonable to develop the process combining efficient SO2, NOx, HX removal and water recovery but not necessarily with CO2 removal as CC will be possible only on sites where it could be further processed. Thus, there could be also a demand for the efficient technology without CC to be combined with current flue gas purification systems especially on smaller scales.
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Modeling interactions of proteins with ions and membranes
Kadlec, Jan ; Jungwirth, Pavel (advisor) ; Kolafa, Jiří (referee)
The protein recoverin, localized in the eye in the rod outer segment of the retina, is a neuronal calcium sensor involved in vision adaptation. Recoverin reversibly associates with cellular membranes via its calcium-activated myristoyl switch. This reversible interaction is vastly dependent on the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol and on conformation of recoverin. By using methods of molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations this work presents a detailed analysis of the energetics of myristoyl insertion into a lipid bilayer and interactions of non-myristoylated recoverin with the membrane. These results are in a perfect agreement with experimental data. The thesis provides a piece of puzzle to the so far unexplored mechanism of myristamide insertion into the membrane and also to recoverin conformational change. It gives an important insight into binding of recoverin to a membrane, which has a significant biological role.
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