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Examination of lactose intolerance by DNA sequencing
JAVŮRKOVÁ, Petra
Lactose intolerance is one of the most common food intolerances. It is caused by decrease of lactase enzyme in the small intestine epithelium, which leads to insufficient lactose metabolism and its accumulation. Lactase loss may be congenital, primary or secondary. The first two types are genetically conditioned. Large interest of this issue in the last few years has led to identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are associated with lactose intolerance. Within European population, two most significant polymorphisms keep occurring: C/T-13910 and G/A-22018. Owing to the fact, these are practically the only ones that are examined in European population. Each SNP is identified by NCBI and has its own identification number (ID), by which it can be identified and traced in gene databases, professional publications, etc. Polymorphism C/T-13910 is coded as rs4988235 and G/A-22018 as rs182549. While the impact of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes in both polymorphisms on individuals is widely known, there is very little information about the combined genotype in the professional literature. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis I focused beside other analysis on individuals who are homozygous only in one of the polymorphisms. All patients were firstly selected based on preliminary results obtained by PCR-RFLP method and then re-examined by another independent method, known as sequencing. The final compilation consisted of 20 samples with different genotypes, in half of which combined genotypes were presented. Based on comparison of sequencing results and PCR-RFLP results, some discrepancies were found in 20 % of presented samples. After comparing both mentioned diagnostic approaches in the discussion, I have evaluated the sequencing method more reliable. On the other hand, sequencing method is more demanding in terms of laboratory equipment and is also more expensive than the PCR-RFLP method. For this reason, sequencing is not used for routine diagnosis of lactose intolerance.
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Validation of PCR-RFLP method for determination of lactose intolerance
PROSOVÁ, Denisa
The lactose intolerance is the most common food intolerance occurring worldwide. Individuals having the lactose intolerance cannot produce the laktase enzyme in thein small intestine. This enzyme is able to digest the lactose contained in milk. There are several wals for this disabilitty. The practical part of this bachaleor thesis is focused on the genetic origin of the lactose intolerance. In the population of Europe we can find as the most frequent the two polymorphism of the MCM6 gene that affect the production of laktase C/T13910 and G/A22018. In principle it concerns the new gene station which ensure the production of laktase enzyme even in adult age. The aim of this bachaleor thesis is to creat the research based on the recent knowledge Publisher in the specialized literature. There are gin to be describe all type sof the lactose intolerance and the ways of its diagnostics, futhermore e.g. the princupli of Alleny, the used laboratoř methods, the rule sof validation methods etc.. The pros and cons of every testing approach will be explained. The practical part is aiming at the implementation of the validation of the genetics test used for petting down the lactose intolerance and creating the validation protokol that will serve as a base of my bachaleor thesis. The genetic Cheb-up is based on the PCR-RFLP principle, within the metodology the laboratoř procedures being used in the genetic lab will be described. The validaton will flow into a detection if the applied method is sufficiently valid fot the diagnostics. The genetic analysis will focus on the two selected polymorphism C/T13910 and G/A22018. The sample with a familiar genotype that has already been verifie by sekvenation will be used for validation.
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Low-lactose products and their evaluation
BÁRTOVÁ, Hedvika
At the last time, we can see increased interest of lactose-free dairy products. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate offer of such products at selected retail chains in the South Bohemian region, then to conclude a sensory assessment of selected products and to verify of public awareness about lactose intolerance with a questionnaire survey. The widest offer of lactose-free dairy products has been found in Globus and Tesco, in the opposite the lowest offer has been found in Billa. Location of these products within the store was most the transparent in Globus (compared other stores). Three samples of white lactose free yoghurts and two samples of milk (with lactose and lactose-free) were evaluated by a sensory assessment. The sample of yoghurt from the company Madeta, line Nature was rated the best. On the contrary sample of yoghurt from the company Tatranská mliekáreň, line Nature´s Promise was rated the worst. The preference between two milk samples among the evaluators was balanced, despite large to moderate differences of intensity were described between them. Most respondents (79 %) knew what the term lactose intolerance means, but substantial part (22 %) of respondents badly indicated this the issue as allergy to milk casein. Because of high number of lactose-intolerant people in population this issue is still very actual, and it needs to be addressed.
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Nutrition of children with special dietary needs at kindergarten
HOLOVÁ, Martina
The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis contains chapters on elementary information and diets in food allergies and diseases connected to special diets - celiac disease, lactose intolerance, diabetes. In addition, information on Nutrition of children preschool children at kindergartens. The methodical part deals with special nutrition at kindergartens to children who need it for health reasons. The research was carried out using a quantitative method, using a questionnaire. Directors of kindergartens responded to questions about the scope of providing a special (dietary) nutriment for children with special dietary needs.
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Laktózová intolerance: výskyt ve světové populaci a možnosti její diagnostiky
CHÁNOVÁ, Jiřina
The aim of the theoretical part of this bachelors thesis was to give the summary of current knowledge of the topic 'lactose intolerance'. There are being characterized the cause of lactose intolerance, the global prevalence, possibilities of its diagnosis and of its treatment. The practical part deals with the methodology that I used for the detection of C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 polymorphism. In the genetic laboratory were tested 34 individuals for the lactose intolerance with method RFLP-PCR.
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Prevention of osteoporosis in malabsorption syndrome
Křížková, Ivana ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Raška, Ivan (referee)
Introduction: The topic of this thesis is the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Malabsorption Syndrome. The thesis is divided into two parts; theoretical and practical. The theoretical work in the first part deals with osteoporosis and osteoporosis risk factors with a focus on nutritional factors. Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease of the skeleton characterised by decreased bone mass and changes in the quality of bone tissue. The etiology of osteoporosis is multifactorial. Malabsorption syndrome causes the small intestine, which is essential for absorbing nutrients, to malfunction. In the second part of the theoretical work, attention is paid to malabsorption syndrome and diseases that lead to its development. Objective: The objective of this work is to draw a comparison between the intake of calcium and other important nutrients in relation to bone metabolism for people with lactose intolerance, and compare this with recommended values and a control group of people without lactose intolerance. Methods: Dietary habits were evaluated using a questionnaire method and a detailed analysis of a four-day diet. The Nutriservis Professional programme was used to evaluate diets (determine energy values, amount of essential nutrients, fibre, calcium, plus other minerals and vitamins). Bone mineral...
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Lactose intolerance - facts and myths
Staroveská, Natálie ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Raška, Ivan (referee)
The thesis deals with the lactose intolerance issue and the myths linked with milk consumption. The theoretical part describes milk composition, the most frequently used technologies in the dairy industry, types of milk (animal origin including breast milk) and types of dairy products on the Czech market. The meaning of milk in human nourishment regarding the prophylaxis of many diseases is also included. The terms lactose and lactase are explained. These are connected with the main part of the thesis describing lactose intolerance and its types, symptoms, diagnostics and therapy including lactose free diet. The cow's milk protein allergy is also mentioned as the second most frequent disease connected with milk consumption. In the end of the theoretical part the myths about milk consumption are explained. The practical part finds out the extent of refusing milk and dairy products, its reasons (lactose intolerance vs. myths) and diary replacement of the main nutrients. Final data were gained by questionnaire including 101 people. It shows us that the incidence of refusal of milk consumption is considerable (58%). The main reason for the refusal is lactose intolerance (45%) but the diagnose is frequently based on subjective opinion. Most of the people refusing milk are not interested in an...
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Dietetic measures in children with cow's milk intolerance
SOLDÁTOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis focuses on dietary measures for children suffering from intolerance to cow´s milk. This topic is still relevant since there is a continuous increase of children suffering from CMPA or lactose intolerance, and dietary measures serve as the elemental medical treatment. The purpose of the thesis was to become familiar with dietary measures suitable for children who are affected by the illness alongside with symptoms, diagnosis and the course of the intolerance to cow's milk. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical one. The theoretical part describes the proper nutrition for children in the neonatal, infant and toddler age. Futher, it is stated what are the benefits of breastfeeding for both the baby and the mother, and what complications may cause the inability to breastfeed. Futhermore, the thesis describes in detail the composition of breast milk, cow's milk and the distribution of artificial milk. There is also the availability of the artifical milk for the Czech market introduced in the practical part. In addition, there are generally reported adverse reactions to food. In the section of adverse reactions to food I focus mainly on food allergy where I concentrate on CMPA. Simultaneously I focus on food intolerance where I describe lactose intolerance. The qualitative research method was used for the practical part of the work. It was executed with in-depth semi structured interviews with mothers of children suffering from the illness. These interviews consisted of two sets of questions. The first set of questions was aimed to mothers of children with CMPA and the second one to mothers of children with lactose intolerance. The research group contained 5 children from birth to age of 5 from South Bohemia and interviews were held with their mothers. These interviews were conducted anonymously and mothers of the children were identified as respondents no. 1 5. R1, R2 and R3 where mothers of children with CMPA and R4, R5 were mothers of children with lactose intolerance. To find respondents for the research the "snowball" method was used. Based on the goals of the thesis two research questions have been established. The first question dealt with how mothers were familiar with their children's diet and the illness itself. Research also revealed that almost all mothers were not satisfied with the approach of doctors to health problems of their children. Several mothers have even changed doctors. In most cases they searched for detailed information about the illness as well as dietary measures on the internet because the information received from the doctor were insufficient. Finally almost all of them investigated the worsening state of health by themselves serving given food to their children. Using this method the mothers found out whether the given food should have been omitted from the diet. The interviews have shown that all respondents have received at least brief background information from the general practitioner. The second question was, what were the components of diet for children suffering from the illness. In all the interviews, mothers of children with CMPA identically stated that they excluded all of mammalian milk and dairy products from their children's diet. Solely a breastfeeding mother eliminated these food products also from her diet. The research also revealed that all respondents eliminated other potencial allergenic foods from the diet. Two respondents also substituted calcium with tablets in their diet. Mothers of children with lactose intolerance consistently stated that they excluded all food and products that contained lactose from the child's diet and were still looking for what products and foods that could become a part of their child's diet. They also indicated that they had to stop breast-feeding a baby and establish a milk replacement in the form of low lactose artificial milk since their child had had health problems even when exclusive breastfeeding.
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Lactose intolerance and genetic testing
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Nikola
Lactose intolerance tends to be one of the most frequent health conditions related to the intake of milk. The essential cause of this malabsorption is the inadequate production of the lactase enzyme by the small intestine, which leads to the inability to break down the disaccharide contained in milk lactose. The inadequate production of lactase may be conditioned genetically. Two single nukleotide polymorphisms were found in the European population that are responsible for the retention of lactase aktivity through adulthood. The aim of the thesis was to use the methods of molecular biology to assess and compare the two polymorphisms. Specifically, the two methods were reverse hybridization on strips and PCR-RFLP method. The thoretical part characterizes lactose intolerance, which includes the description of basic pathophysiology, the types of hypolactasia, the mechanisms of and hypotheses related to acquiring lactose intolerance. The empirical part presents the results of the study. The studied population consisted of 20 samples obtained from volunteers with suspected lactose intolerance. The CC/GG genotype, which is connected to lactose intolerance, was found in 39 % of the population. The TT/AA genotype, connected to lactose tolerance, was found in 28 % of the samples. The heterozygote genotype CT/AG was identified in 22 % and other variants were found in the remaining 11 % of the population. Both methods are appropriate for the assessment of lactose intolerance. Although the method of reverse hybridization is not commonly used for the diagnosis of hypolactasia, it proved to be more reliable. The results obtained by this technique were more consistent than results arrived at by the commonly used PCR-RFLP method.
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Food intolerance- facts and myths
Ptáčková, Zuzana ; Piecha, Roman (advisor) ; Kosák, Mikuláš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the facts and myths about two kinds of food intolerance: celiac disease and lactose intolerance. The thesis consists of a practical and a theoretical part. The theoretical part is further divided into three sections. The first one focuses on celiac disease and describes gluten, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms of the disease, diagnostics, dietary solutions, celiac disease screening, other similar diseases and also a comparison of allergy to gluten and sensitivity to gluten as these are commonly confused. The second section focuses on lactose intolerance and describes lactase, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, complications, diagnostics and treatment. This section also focuses on milk allergy, which is often mistaken with lactose intolerance. The third section focuses mainly on the facts and myths and contains tables showing the differences between celiac disease, lactose intolerance and milk intolerance. The most common myths about celiac disease, gluten, gluten-free diet and milk are also mentioned. The goal of the practical part of this thesis was to examine a group of patients suffering from celiac disease and make a comparison of the acquired data with the existing literature. For example, this thesis focuses on the frequency of the symptoms,...
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