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Measures of Regional Police Directorate of the South Bohemian Region by an occurrence of a radiological emergency in the Temelín Nuclear Power Station
HRNEČEK, Martin
The aim of this diploma thesis is to clarify fundamental principles of activities of police officers of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region in the case of radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. These principles are concentrated in compact documentation with practical tasks for respective organizational segments of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region. This documentation will be consequently used as a methodical guide for concerned police officers. Fundamental terms are defined in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, concerning and usable in the course of measures in the case of solving radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. The analysis of legal standards and technical bibliography is also performed in this part. The External Emergency Plan of the Temelín Nuclear power station is presented in detail, and a comparison of the previous and current atomic law is drawn. Last chapter of this part is devoted to the actual documentation of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region to manage the radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. Necessary number of legal regulations, agreements and internal acts of management concerning the current topic was used for elaboration of this thesis. Information and findings of employees from the Department of Emergency Management of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region are also included. The practical part of the diploma thesis is devoted to the concentration of all materials and previous findings of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region in the case of measures for radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station into individual chapters. Each of these chapters presents particular activities of police officers of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region during performation of tasks in connection with managing the radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. When listing particular tasks and processes, some of activities of other subjects participating together with members of the Police of the Czech Republic in measures concerning the radiological emergency are also mentioned in this part. The result of this thesis is a focused overview and operative material for police officers of the Police of the Czech Republic, usable for making them acquainted with questions of managing the radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. It also serves as a background for regular practices and training courses on this subject.
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Knowledge of the population in the emergency planning zone about the operation of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant.
KRČMÁŘ, Martin
This diploma thesis is based on an analysis of knowledge of inhabitants within the emergency planning zone of operations, security and behaviour in case of an accident in the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (TNPP). Operation a nuclear equipment in connected with certain risks which can´t be utterly eliminated. From this reason, security precautions are made, which are based on an accident preparedness, or on emergency plans. Emergency planning serves to a preparedness for non-standard or emergency situations for an area which is called an emergency planning zone. The emergency preparedness, not only within this zone, has a key role for a successful performance of inhabitants´ protection in case of an emergency event. The concept of emergency preparedness includes both the emergency planning and inhabitants´ awareness and knowledge of operations, risks and following precautions in case of an accident in TNPP. The aim of this diploma thesis is to inquire about "What is knowledge of inhabitants within an emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant operations?" The theoretical part is based on consulting the employees of ČEZ Ltd. Who work in the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant as well as on a study of professional literature, articles and related legislation. The practical part is based on a questionnaire survey and it is divided into three parts: operations, risks, security, knowledge and behaviour during an accident. The results revealed some margins in respondents´ knowledge concerning issues of operations as well as knowledge and behaviour during an accident. A positive evaluation concerns respondents´ knowledge of used nuclear fuel, the meaning of containment building and the procedures in case of evacuation. On the other hand, the respondents showed insufficient knowledge of the function of a reactor, what barriers are between the active zone and environment and when to use iodine prophylaxis. I consider the present status of inhabitants´ knowledge of TNPP operations insufficient and I propose some improvements. It is important to focus on inhabitants older than 50 years, whose lack of knowledge is even alarming.
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Technicko-ekonomická studie blokových transformátorů VVER1000
TIMKO, Jan
The bachelor thesis will deal with the concrete faulty and abnormal conditions of unit transformers of the main production unit VVER1000 experienced by practice, for example, the inter-turn short circuit in the transformer with subsequent deformation of the container, ruptured dry riser pipework of stable fire-fighting equipment (SFFE), the failure of indication of air pressure drop for SFFE and its false activations. The last mentioned topic will discuss the high temperature of the second unit of the unit transformer. In these conditions, it will cope with causes, why the transformers in such situations failed and how these faulty conditions were resolved. They will also explore the possibilities of prevention and protection measures before the occurence of other disorders of the same type and how it is possible to predict these disorders. Along with the analysis of failures will be explored Multitrans monitoring equipment and its operation in practice. The theoretical part will concern the technological mapping of functional units of Temelin Nuclear Power Plant including the main production unit VVER1000, describing the unit transformers and other related equipment. Then, there will be theoretically described the protection of disorders of the aforementioned unit transformers, automation and regular activities of staff serving for safe operation. Finally, the work will deal with optimization of the unit transformers, statistical comparison of the current and proposed state of this facility, incentives to reduce equipment failure rates and improve the overall reliability in operation. The aim of this thesis will be to highlight the possibility of improvement of existing equipment in order to more thoroughly avoid further failures in the future, which happened to block transformers in the past, and to increase the service life not only of transformers, but of all other related elements that together work as a whole. The next aspect of this thesis will be to draw up significant faults and problems to the single document, which can in the future serve as a feedback for solutions to problems that may occur during the next long-term operation of transformers and not only in power stations.
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The Costs of the Evacuation of Týn nad Vltavou during the Special Incident at The Temelín Nuclear Power Station
JANDOVÁ, Kamila
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out and calculate the cost of an emergency evacuation of Týn nad Vltavou in the event of a major incident at Temelín Nuclear Power Station; specificially the costs of controlled emergency evacuation by stand-by buses. The following research question was set: How high would the cost of emergency evacuation of the population be on a selected route by evacuation buses? The theoretical part focuses on the current procedures of evacuation in the area of emergency planning of nuclear power plants in the Czech Republic and abroad. It also focuses on population protection in detail. And finally it examines aspects of evacuation itself, types of evacuation and evacuation luggage. The thesis also examines the Temelín nuclear power station and its external emergency plan. The practical part focuses on calculating the cost of emergency evacuation by stand-by buses. It was necessary to find out the length of individual evacuation routes, the number of busses required for the evacuation, the runnining cost of a bus per 1 kilometer, the cost of a 1 - hour waiting time per bus and the total cost of waiting time for all the buses. The following mathematical formula was created to calculate the total cost. The costs of emergency evacuation by stand-by busses were calculated for a 50 % evacuation of the population of Týn nad Vltavou and for a 100 % evacuation of town's schools and social facilities. The total cost of emergency evacuation was the summary of the cost of the residents' and schools and social facilities' evacuations. This result is only oriantional. The total cost of emergency evacuation of the area can differ in the future if any of the variables change.
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Czech-Austrian relationship and the issue of Temelín nuclear power plant
VÁLEK, Pavel
The thesis deals with the perspective of the Austrian newspapers like Die Presse and Kurier on the Czech-Austrian relationship between years 1999 and 2004, or more precisely the issue of Temelín NPP. The main topics for the Austrian press became the approval of completion by the Czech government and of course the launch of Temelín NPP. Significant moments were the blockades and demonstrations of Austrian citizens at the Czech-Austrian border crossings, Austria's attempt to veto the accession negotiations between Czech Republic and EU or internal political struggle in the Austrian government.
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Emergency housing catlee in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant.
VACÍK, Slavomír Ladislav
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of emergency housing of cattle in the emergency planning zone of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. 20 farmers, each keeping at least 50 bovine animals, were selected in the area of interest. The cattle were chosen as the reference species of livestock because it was the largest category of livestock kept in the stable and pasture. The research was carried out in the form of a structured questionnaire, which was sent to the individual respondents after this was agreed by phone. It should answer the question whether the emergency housing of cattle in the emergency planning zone of Temelín Nuclear Power Station is sufficiently secured. The results show that emergency housing is not the priority of farmers, because only 55% of the respondents sent back completed questionnaires. Most of them, i.e. 64%, bred cattle in stable and grazing, 27% in stable only and 9% were exclusively grazing. In addition to grazing, preserved fodder (silage, haylage, hay) are mainly used for feeding and water from underground sources and from a water supply network for watering where all these sources can be protected against radioactive fallout. It was also found that electricity was used for watering. Upon its failure, except for two cases, no emergency power supply were available. Electric fences around the pastures were not equipped with emergency power supply, except for two respondents. Alarm Plan of Veterinary Measures (within the frame of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant's external emergency plan) requires feeding and watering for 3 days during the absence of the cattlemen. This requirement cannot be fulfilled due to the limited capacity of mangers in the stables. The results of the research show that it is not possible to carry out the hermetization of buildings according to the requirement of the above mentioned plan because they cannot be sealed with respect to their open construction. These results can be used to modify the alarm plan of veterinary measures, which should further be provided to the agricultural public.
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Awareness on issues of protection of the population, depending on the emergency planning zone.
KOCOUREK, Filip
The goal of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate pupils and students knowledge of the recommended behaviour in case of emergency with extra emphasis on radiation accidents. The research compares the differences in knowledge of young people depending on Temelín Nuclear Power Plant's emergency planning zone. The research used questionnaires which were filled by pupils and students of elementary schools, vocational schools, and grammar schools within and outside of the emergency planning zone. The schools were randomly selected using Microsoft Excel. The theoretical part focuses on contemporary state of knowledge in the field and includes foreign textbooks (from Germany, Bulgaria, USA, Canada and France). These textbooks can be found in thesis attachment.This part also introduces Temelín Nuclear Power Plant, its characteristics, geography and demography. It also describes principles of emergency preparedness, related legislation and protective equipment. The second part of the thesis is based on research. The researcher created a unique questionnaire which contained 32 closed questions divided into eight thematic parts. These parts focused on general aspects of awareness, warnings, evacuation, sheltering, iodine prophylaxis, improvised protection, contamination and decontamination. The questionnaire used Paper and Pen Interviewing method. There was total of 213 respondents, 121 (57 %) of them were women and 92 (43 %) men. The results were processed and evaluated using Microsoft Excel. The first goal of the thesis was to "Evaluate pupils and students knowledge of the recommended behaviour in case of emergency with extra emphasis on radiation accidents". In order to achieve this goal, hypothesis nr. 1 was formulated: "The pupils' and students' knowledge of the recommended behaviour in case of emergency with extra emphasis on radiation accidents does not reach 75 % success rate". The executed survey shows that the pupils and students reached 56 % success rate which is below established 75 % rate of the hypothesis. Hypothesis was therefore confirmed. The second goal of the thesis was to "Assess any possible differences of knowledge between pupils and students living within Temelín Nuclear Power Plant's zone of emergency planning and outside of it". For this goal, second hypothesis was formulated: "The knowledge is not dependable on the zone of emergency planning". To test this hypothesis Pearson's chi-squared test was used. The statistics proved that there is no difference in pupils and students knowledge that would be dependable on the zone of emergency planning.
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Equipment used by the Army of the Czech Republic in case of a radiological accident in the nuclear power plant Temelín.
HOLLÍKOVÁ, Tereza
In Czech republic exists integrated rescue system. His main purpuse is to protect human lives, health, their property and enviroment. Important part of the integrated rescue system is the Army of the Czech Republic. Units, which form the integrated rescue system, operate in emergeny incidents. One of this incidents can be radiological accident. This bachelor thesis is focused on equipment used by the Army of the Czech Republic, which can be use in case of radiological accident in the nuclear power plant Temelín. The aim of this thesis is to create a structured survey of this equipment. Based on this aim was placed a research question, whether is the equipment of the Army of the Czech Republic sufficient. To achieve the established aim was used an relevant analysis of literature and legislation. During solving the research guestion was used field research, which was accomplished within military training. Equipment of the Army of the Czech Republic was organized according to the purpose of their use. That mean, that they were divided into two main groups, equipment used in radiological exploration and equipment used in decontamination. All equipment was characterized and their technical data were described. Descripntion was focused on equipment, which can be used in intervention with occurrence of radioactive materials and ionizing radiation. Based on results and my own observation i have come to conclusion that equipment of the Army of the Czech Republic is for use in radiological accident sufficient.
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Sorption of radionuclid 85Sr to soils from area nuclear power plant Temelín
Reidingerová, Markéta ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of sorption of radionuclide 85 Sr in soil collected in the area of a nuclear power plant Temelín. A single-batch method experiment was used when a solution of radionuclide 85 Sr of known activity was added to the soil. The experiments focussed on the influence of pH with the size of the sorption and the influence of the time of the contact of the solution with the sorption. During the experiment with the value of pH closest to the pH of underground water from the nuclear power plant Temelín, the sorption of soil was somewhere between 31 to 44 %. When the time influence on the sorption was examined, radionuclide 85 Sr was sorbed very quickly. For the comparison of the sorption size in connection with the time, for which it was chosen 120 minutes, the sorption was almost constant, reaching 40 to 48 %. Key words Radioactivity, radionuclide 85 Sr, sorption, nuclear power plant Temelín
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Contruction of the Nuclear Power Plant Temelin and its Impact on the Surrounding Countryside
Maříková, Olga ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis is concerned with changes of countryside caused by the construction of the nuclear power plant Temelín mainly represented by the lost villages not only in the closest surroundings, but in the area of the Hněvkovice dam as well. In total, eight villages had to be cleared and great areas of farmland were transformed. The individual lost villages are briefly characterised in terms of history and then there is a description of what particularly was demolished and what has remained. The theses is based on comparison of photographs from the past with the contemporary state.
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