|
|
Evolutionary implications of innate immunity receptors polymorphism
Bainová, Zuzana ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Zajícová, Alena (referee)
Interactions between hosts and their parasites are considered to be one of the major forces driving animal evolution. It can be assumed that the evolutionary changes will occur especially in host molecules directly involved in these interactions. The first line of host defense is formed by innate immunity receptors among which also pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) belong. PRRs detect the presence of parasites at the beginning of their invasion by binding characteristic structures of their bodies (so called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs, e. g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin or peptidoglycans) or abnormal self molecules (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, e.g heat shock proteins). Although this mechanism of immune system activation is based on the recognition of ligands that are relatively evolutionarily conservative in pathogens, growing body of evidence suggests that PRRs are highly polymorphic on both interspecific and intraspecific level. High frequencies of minority alleles can be observed in most populations studied. It has been proven that particular alleles of many PRRs may associate with increased or decreased resistance to various infectious or autoimmunity diseases. Relationship between polymorphic receptor and a disease could be the main force, which shapes the...
|
|
|
Awareness of contagious disease in mind of pupils at basic and secondary schools.
Peštová, Ilona ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Infectious diseases are a very hot topic nowadays in society. In recent years, there were several epidemics, infectious diseases (hepatitis A, Avian influenza, pandemic influenza A) and nobody knows when will the next "new" infection. At the outbreak of epidemics, there is great interest in the company to obtain information about the disease, but often also to unnecessary panic, because the media often publish incorrect information. It would be preferable, in order to improve public awareness and prevent the unnecessary spread of disease. Great emphasis should be given to prevent the disease - primarily on immunization, hygiene rules and principles of safe sex. Quality information should be mainly from teachers in teaching their pupils, as is clear from research books, infectious diseases are only mentioned in textbooks and the number of substantive information in them is missing. The fact that pupils of primary schools and grammar schools with basic information on infectious diseases do not meet in the classroom, evidenced by the results of a survey carried out in the 6th classes and first year at selected elementary schools and grammar schools in Prague. To raise awareness of the pupils in school was to create a methodical manual for teachers, which summarizes information about bacterial and...
|
|
| |
|
|
Mortality in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases
Skalák, Zdeněk ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Mortality in the Czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937. We focus on a group of infectious diseases that had in this period in terms of cause of death still a high proportion. The rate of mortality due to infectious diseases is dependent on many aspects, such as the correct detection of the disease, effective vaccines and the level of medicine. It is these causes that brought about the sharp decline in mortality due to infectious diseases in the late 19th century. Hovewer, the First World War interupted this permanent decline and the newly created Czechoslovak state had to deal with relatively high mortality due to these diseases. The inter-war period saw recurrent epidemies of infectious deseases, nevertheless until the Second World War we can see the change in mortality due to causes. The infectious diseases are gradually replaced by modern diseases, especially cancers and diseases of the circulatory system. Key words: mortality, causes of death, infectious diseases, decomposition, classification of causes of death, medical discoveries, the level of health
|
|
|
Securitising biology: Biological threats and state preparedness in the wake of a pandemic
Artico, Chiara ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Butler, Eamonn (referee)
64053643 SECURITISING BIOLOGY: BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND STATE PREPAREDNESS IN THE WAKE OF A PANDEMIC ABSTRACT The management of infectious diseases in the realm of public health has shown increasingly overlapping areas with biological warfare preparedness. While the acknowledgement of these common elements is not only frequent but also codified in an international treaty and subject to distinct regulations, research into how these two fields connect is scarce. Potential deliberate use of biological weapons typically leads to intense political mobilisation and ensuing dedication of financial resources. Contrarily, the management of health crises over the last decades has been severely flawed, and no country in the world is considered fully prepared to a pandemic, according to the Global Health Security Index. The current COVID-19 pandemic has recently been further proof of the inadequacy of state-level prevention and preparedness capabilities. This dissertation aims at bridging the existing conceptual gap and policy divide between biological warfare and infectious disease preparedness, and to analyse elements that can be mutually applicable and potentially beneficial. It will do so by establishing analytical equivalence between the securitisation of an artificial biothreat and a nature-borne infectious disease...
|
|
|
Knowledge of second-degree pupils of the selected elementary school on selected infectious diseases
Pavelková, Barbora ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with the issue of knowledge of second grade pupils of a selected elementary school regarding selected infectious diseases. The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out to what extent pupils aged 11 - 15 are informed about infectious diseases, their transmission, treatment possibilities, protection against them and to what extent their school participates in such awareness procedures. The theoretical part includes the definition and approximation of basic terms concerning epidemiology, hygiene and microbiology. It provides basic information about infectious diseases, transmission methods, protection against them and their treatment. The practical part analyses and evaluates the data obtained by the questionnaire survey among second grade pupils of the selected elementary school. A total of 186 questionnaires were used to evaluate the results. Indeed, the results confirmed that the pupils' knowledge of infectious diseases is not sufficient for their own health and safety development. Many pupils have misinformation about vaccinations, incubation periods and protection against infectious diseases. I would therefore assume, we need to get closer to the pupils` problems of infectious diseases and to improve knowledge in these areas. Furthermore, it is necessary to strengthen...
|
|
| |
|
|
Selected infectious illnesses - procedures of emergency medical service
SVOBODOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor thesis is dealing with problems of selected infectious illnesses and procedures of emergency medical servise during dealing with infectious patients. We want to achieve the summary review about selected infectious diseases with the context of the laws in the Czech republic. An important part of this thesis is charting of possibilities of prevention of infectious diseases in conditions of emergency medical service. The thesis is aimed on 4th biological agens of the highest biological safety level against which do not exist any effective treatment. These includes viral hemorrhagic fevers, variola and equine morbilli virus. The selection was decided of division according to valid notice in the Czech republic, which these illnesses graded among the most dangerous. The first part of the thesis contains to complex spreading and transmission of infectious diseases. This part can be use for better understanding and orientation in the following chapters of thesis. The next chapters deal with the aforementioned selected infectious illnesses, barrier nursing care ( focused on emergency medical servise). There are also described primary protective equipment of paramedic and the basic role of the Biohazard team of Jihočeský kraj, which is an important part of the system solution for infectious illnesses. The issue of the thesis id the so-calles The ten proceeding againts infectious illnesses. The effort includes supplemental photographs, which are gained during visits of emergency medical servise and some hospital departments. In the attachement there is a recommendation of Regional Hygiene Station for safer and easier dealing with infectious patients.
|
|
|
Epidemiological and ecological impacts of floods in the Cesky Krumlov district
PAPOUŠKOVÁ, Michala
The topic of my diploma thesis are Epidemiological and ecological impacts of floods in the Cesky Krumlov district. In the theoretical part I deal, from the perspective of epidemiology, with infectious diseases that may occur due to floods, I explain what information system was used by the regional hygiene stations in order to carry out the obligatory report, records, and analysis of occurrence of infectious diseases, and I would like to point out that from 1 January 2018 on, a new system started working for regional hygiene stations in the Czech Republic. Further, I deal with ecological impacts, and explain ecology in terms of Nature Conservation Act. Last but not least, I mention floods as such in the theoretical part, I define flood legislation, what administrative authorities work if such a crisis situation occurs, and what flood affected the region of Cesky Krumlov. The practical part analyses Epidat and the ISIN information system data using metaanalysis, searching for a link between them and infectious diseases during floods. I focused on infectious diseases that ma occur in connection to floods, such as Leptospirosis, Shigelosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacteria and Norovirus, Virus Hepatitis type A, and Virus Hepatitis type E. The Discussion part evaluates the questionnaire aimed at the citizens of Cesky Krumlov region, also at the primary school pupils. What is their image of consequences of floods, and what may bet he cause. The results are then discussed in the conclusion of my diploma thesis. Creating an information leaflet meant for the lay public is another output of my diploma thesis.
|
|
|
PCR diagnostics Neoehrlichia mikurensis
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of a new diagnostic method for the detection of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks. The new method was developed based on the unavailability of a suitable diagnostic method of N. mikurensis as well as the lack of accurate data about infection frequency of ticks by the pathogen Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in the scientific literature. In the theoretical part, I deal with general information about ticks and their transmitted diseases, which can be bacterial, viral or protozoal. The diseases described in my bachelor thesis are borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, ehrlichiosis, bartonellosis, tularemia and babesiosis. Special attention is dedicated to newly detected causative agents of neoehrlichiosis. Various type of techniques have been used during the development of the new diagnostic method, such as polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR), cloning, sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis (ELFO). These methods are complemented by a large number of different laboratory procedures, such as DNA isolation, minipreparation of plasmid DNA, gel purification of DNA, and bacterial stock solution preparation. Statistical evaluation was performed based on the analysis of mixed samples of 10 ticks, using the PCR method. A total of 1 390 ticks were tested during 2018.
|
guest ::
