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Epidemiological aspects of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and diffusional diseases of binding tissue.
Hánová, Petra ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Introduction: No information was known about frequency of common inflammatory disorders in rheumatology in the Czech Republic. Aims of the study: To estimate the standardized annual incidence (INC) and point prevalence (PREV) of six diseases (rheumatoid arthritis-RA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis-JIA, gout, psoriatic arthritis-PsA, ankylosing spondylitis-AS, reactive arthritis-ReA) in a population-based study in two regions of the Czech Republic (CR). Methods: INC: Incident cases were registered on condition that the definite diagnosis was confirmed according to existing classification criteria during the study period. PREV was studied on the basis of identification of established diagnoses at a time point. Crude rates were standardized for age and sex. Results: Both INC and PREV are shown per 100.000 inhabitants. RA INC:31 (95%CI 20-42), PREV:610 (95%CI 561-658). Gout-INC:41 (95%CI 28-53), PREV:300 (95% CI 266-334). JIA-INC: 13 (95% CI 1-20), PREV:140 (95%CI 117-280). PsA-INC:3,6 (95% CI 1-8), PREV:49 (95%CI 40-60). AS-INC:6 (95% CI 3-11), PREV:94 (95% CI 94-109). ReA-INC:9 (95% CI 6-15), PREV:91 (95% CI 78-106). Conclusion: This is the first population-based study estimating annual incidence and prevalence rates of the most common rheumatological disorders in the Czech...
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Prevention of oncogynecological diseases from the perspective of the general public.
Mrázová, Miroslava ; Šimonová, Daniela (advisor) ; Kocián, Roman (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of oncogynecological prevention. Lack of information on the importance of preventive examinations and ignorance of the severity of oncogynecological diseases leads women to the absence of regular or timely visits to the gynecologist. These epidemiological data verify the severity of the matter. The theoretical part of the thesis creates a comprehensive source of information on the possibilities of oncogynecological problems from basic terminology through diagnostics, types of examination methods, treatment options and risk factors of disease occurrence. Other chapters describe primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. They also include a description of midwife's tasks in the prevention and care of oncogynecological patients. The practical part is concerned with the analysis of a questionnaire survey that used a quantitative questionnaire method with 250 respondents. The aim of work was to determine the level of awareness of the general public, both woman and men, about the possibilities and importance of prevention of oncogynecological diseases and to draw attention to the significance of gynecological examinations at any age of a woman. The research has shown that it is necessary to educate the public in the area of gynecological prevention...
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Specifics of physiotherapy and preventive exercises in modern pentathletes
Hajduková, Michaela ; Raška, Otakar (advisor) ; Mádle, Kateřina (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of injury prevention in modern pentathletes. It sets itself the goal of analyzing the current epidemiological situation of injuries in modern pentathlon as well as the current preventive strategies of athletes, including the evaluation of their impact on the incidence of injuries. The nature of the work is a prospective cohort study. A modified version of the validated "Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems" was used. This questionnaire was sent to athletes every week for 10 weeks using the Qualtrics questionnaire software. The study involved 43 probands from 15 countries, ie 4.3% of athletes registered with the UIPM (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne). A total of 34 new injuries and overloads were recorded in 27 probands. The incidence rate of injuries of 3.1 / 1000 h of active sports was found. The most frequently reported segments of injury were the shoulder (14.7%), ankle (14.7%), knee and shin (both 11.8%). The ratio of the lower limb to upper limb injuries was found to be 3: 1. Most injuries were associated with running discipline (46%). The most commonly used injury prevention strategy was stretching, followed by strength training, massages, and consistent warm-up before training. The mean warm-up duration showed...
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Impact of smoking on cancer incidence in Czechia
Dušková, Kristýna ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Abstact This thesis investigate the impact of smoking on the development of cancer. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the effect of smoking on the development of cancer in Czechia in the years 1978, 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 with a focus on differences in time, gender and age groups. The secondary goal of the thesis is to determine the distribution of smoking prevalence by gender, age groups and level of education, as well as the dependence of smoking prevalence on the level of education, social differences in the influence of smoking on cancer. The analytical part of the work uses the method of age-standardized incidence rate, population attributable fraction and the method of binary logistic regression. Data from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, the Czech Statistical Office and Eurostat were used for the analysis. It has been shown that the prevalence of smoking depends on the level of education, where the probability of smoking is higher in people with a lower level of education than in people with a high level of education. In Czechia, between 1978 and 2018, the impact of smoking on the development of cancer decreased. While the impact of smoking on the development of cancer decreased in men, it was possible to observe an increase of the impact of...
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The relationship between foot strike pattern and the incidence of the lower limb injuries in female runners in 800 meters
Höferová, Karin ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Semerád, Miroslav (referee)
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate how lower limbs injuries are related to footstrike pattern in 800 m women runners aged 16 - 22 in the Czech Republic and around the world. Methods: Due to the current epidemiological situation, the original field investigation of 48 runners was not possible to complete. Literature research on the topic and the series of ten case studies were performed instead. The research was performed in following databases: Medline, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Bibliographia medica Čechoslovaca. Results showed seven studies that met inclusion criteria. After that footstrike pattern was evaluated and compared with injury history in 10 women runners in 800 meters, who took part in the Czech Republic championship. Results: Two studies out of seven confirmed a higher incidence of injuries in RFS than in FFS, 4/7 did not show a significant difference, 1/7 did not evaluate the higher incidence in one or the other type of the footstrike. Three studies out of seven confirmed the relationship between RFS and knee injuries. Furthermore, two of them showed relationship between RFS and hip pain. 2/7 did not confirm any relationship between footstrike pattern and specific injury and 2/7 did not evaluated this relationship at all. Based on the series of ten case studies, it...
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Prevention of oncogynecological diseases from the perspective of the general public.
Mrázová, Miroslava ; Šimonová, Daniela (advisor) ; Kocián, Roman (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of oncogynecological prevention. Lack of information on the importance of preventive examinations and ignorance of the severity of oncogynecological diseases leads women to the absence of regular or timely visits to the gynecologist. These epidemiological data verify the severity of the matter. The theoretical part of the thesis creates a comprehensive source of information on the possibilities of oncogynecological problems from basic terminology through diagnostics, types of examination methods, treatment options and risk factors of disease occurrence. Other chapters describe primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. They also include a description of midwife's tasks in the prevention and care of oncogynecological patients. The practical part is concerned with the analysis of a questionnaire survey that used a quantitative questionnaire method with 250 respondents. The aim of work was to determine the level of awareness of the general public, both woman and men, about the possibilities and importance of prevention of oncogynecological diseases and to draw attention to the significance of gynecological examinations at any age of a woman. The research has shown that it is necessary to educate the public in the area of gynecological prevention...
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Sexually transmitted Infections in Prague: Socio-epidemiological analysis
Sekera, Jan Carlos ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Jágrová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis is focused on a situation of sexually transmitted infections in Prague (and in The Czech Republic shallowly) and analyzes this issue relatively to the social epidemiology. The thesis tries to identify the most vulnerable groups of a population. These groups contain homosexual men, individuals having unprotected sex and promiscuous people. Further more, the thesis tries to identify a relation between a high-risk factor and an exposition of a particular infection. For example, it was found out that sexual related risks are mostly determinated by a sexual behavior and a region where the individuals come from. Also, men are more vulnerable group of people than women according to findings of this thesis. A gonorrhoea infection is the most reported sexually transmitted infection in Prague (59,1 % of all cases). Syphilis is the second most common infection of this kind. The highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was reported for people with (finished or unfinished) basic education. This group of people represents 14,3 % of all reported cases. Its prevalence is 67,7 patients per ten thousand individuals. A group of people aged 20 - 29 years is another group with high prevalence. Further identification of a sexual behavior in The Czech Republic was one of the main goals of this...
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Human parvovirus B19 genotype study among the patients of Motol Univeristy Hospital
Dubišová, Mária ; Hubáček, Petr (advisor) ; Limberková, Radomíra (referee)
Parvovirus B19 is a common human pathogen that typically infects erythroid progenitors and causes hematological problems such as anemia and aplastic crises. The clinical presentation depends mainly on the immunological status of the patient. PVB19 can cause serious clinical disorders in immunocompromised patients after transplantation. More than 1500 samples from 90 patients who passed the HSCT in 2015 were tested for the presence of PVB19 in this work. This work describes the incidence of the virus and two typical periods of onset of infection in patients after the transplantation. Although several sources report the negative effect of PVB19 infection on the survival of allogeneic graft patients, this work did not confirm this assertion. Also, the results of this work suggest that allogenic grafts are not the main source for transmission, but that it is likely to be reactivated after long-term persistent or latent PVB19 infections. PVB19 is divided into 3 genotypes. Genotype 1 is the most widespread, genotype 2 is very rare in Europe for the last 10 years, and genotype 3 occurs mainly in tropical localities. This work as the first describes the distribution of genotypes in the Czech Republic. More than 130 samples from 125 PVB19 positive patients, stored in the Motol University Hospital from 2004...
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