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The perioperative nursing care for the patients during the gynecologic surgery in the lithotomy position
Šebestová, Jana ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The topic of the work is nursing perioperative care of a patient who underwent a vaginal hysterectomy and vaginal plastic surgery for prolapse of the uterus in a lithotomy position at our workplace. Prevention of pressure injuries related to immobilization during the surgery is a fundamental nursing task of perioperative nurses. Small workplaces are not always adequately equipped. Lithotomy position is associated with a number of serious complications. Although the observed complications are rare and occur in surgical procedures longer than three hours, each operation can be complicated for many reasons and the operating time can be multiplied. Then, insufficient equipment and thus failure to provide adequate prevention can lead to, for example, pressure ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, compartment syndrome and damage to the patient. The main goal of the work was to use literature to present recommended evidence-based nursing procedures that ensure patient safety in the operating room when positioning for surgery and help to prevent pressure injuries. For my thesis I chose a case study, prepared according to the model of Marjory Gordon, and introduced nursing care throughout the hospitalization with a special focus on the perioperative period. I sought information for the elaboration of the...
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of antiviral prodrugs
Tupec, Michal ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Indra, Radek (referee)
Lipases have been widely applied in the manufacture of food products and in some areas of the industry, nowadays they are used in synthetic organic chemistry catalyzing the hydrolytic/esterification reactions under very mild conditions in the field of protecting groups or enantiomer resolution. In this study, the commercial lipase from bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens was immobilized using the sol-gel process into organosilicate materials with propyl, octyl or phenyl substituents. The highest hydrolytic activity was found in the enzyme on the octyl-derived carrier. The immobilized enzymes differ in their hydrolytic activities on 4-nitrophenyl esters of various lengths. Subsequent experiments revealed quite good pH stability of the enzymes in a buffer (incubations in pH 3 through pH 11), as well as good temperature stability in isooctane (incubations at up to 100 řC). The majority of organic solvents seem to have no substantial effect on the lipase activity. The biocatalytic properties were studied on a model compound from the group of the acyclic nucleoside analogues - 9-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl)adenine (DHPA). It was found for example that the best acyl donors are vinyl esters, that the lipase shows a preference towards longer vinyl esters, that the reaction proceeds faster in non-polar solvents or that it...
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Preparation of pharmaceutical formulations based on polymeric and lipid carriers
Kubačková, Jana ; Zbytovská, Jarmila (advisor) ; Panáček, Aleš (referee) ; Štěpánek, František (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mgr. Jana Kubačková Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Jarmila Zbytovská, Mgr., Dr. rer. nat. Co-supervisor PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis Preparation of pharmaceutical formulations based on polymeric and lipid carriers Nanomedicine allows application of nanoscaled drug delivery carriers to achieve a therapy that can be tailored in terms of e.g. controlled release, site-specific delivery and protection of an active substance. From multiple nanoplatforms available for drug delivery, advantage was taken of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers and lipids to enable targeted intracellular delivery, delivery of a poorly water-soluble drug and delivery of a sensitive macromolecule. In the study with biodegradable polymeric nanomaterial we worked with experimental poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers. The formulations were optimised for targeting to phagocytic macrophages - of size up to 300 nm and negative surface charge. For this purpose, two linear and one branched PLGA were screened in combination with one of four surfactants in low concentrations (0.1-1%). These PLGA polymers were formulated into nanoparticles and loaded with a hydrophilic fluorescent dye Rhodamine B...
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Preparation of pharmaceutical formulations based on polymeric and lipid carriers
Kubačková, Jana ; Zbytovská, Jarmila (advisor) ; Panáček, Aleš (referee) ; Štěpánek, František (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mgr. Jana Kubačková Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Jarmila Zbytovská, Mgr., Dr. rer. nat. Co-supervisor PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis Preparation of pharmaceutical formulations based on polymeric and lipid carriers Nanomedicine allows application of nanoscaled drug delivery carriers to achieve a therapy that can be tailored in terms of e.g. controlled release, site-specific delivery and protection of an active substance. From multiple nanoplatforms available for drug delivery, advantage was taken of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers and lipids to enable targeted intracellular delivery, delivery of a poorly water-soluble drug and delivery of a sensitive macromolecule. In the study with biodegradable polymeric nanomaterial we worked with experimental poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers. The formulations were optimised for targeting to phagocytic macrophages - of size up to 300 nm and negative surface charge. For this purpose, two linear and one branched PLGA were screened in combination with one of four surfactants in low concentrations (0.1-1%). These PLGA polymers were formulated into nanoparticles and loaded with a hydrophilic fluorescent dye Rhodamine B...
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Imobilizácia lignolytických enzýmov
Schlosserová, Nikola
Ligninolytic systems found their application in the food industry, but they are also used for the degradation of several xenobiotic compounds and dyes. This characteristic is making them be a useful tools for bioremediation purposes, that is why the interest in ligninolytic enzymes is increasing. The main aim of practical part was preparation of immobilized enzyme lignin peroxidase by method CLEA from fungus Piptoporus betulinus, Trametes gibbosa and their cocultivation. Activities of free and immobilized enzymes from these fungus were compared and measured by UV/VIS spectrometer. Conditions of precipitation and immobilization were specified by method CLEA. pH optimum for proteins precipitation were for Piptoporus betulinus pH 7,0, for Trametes gibbosa pH 5,0 and for cocultivation pH 6,0. The best concentration of glutaraldehyd, as a crosslinking agent, was for Piptoporus betulinus and cocultivation 50mM and for Trametes gibbosa 10mM. By immobilization, the activity of all enzymes were successfully increased up by 20 %. After optimalization of CLEA enzymes preparation, other parameters such as pH optimum, stability and temperature optimum and stability were tested. All enzymes had their pH optimum in acidic to slightly acidic environment and temperature optimum was in range from 30 °C to 40 °C. Immobilized CLEA enzyme from cocultivation was the most stable for all the enzymes. Free and CLEA enzymes were tested on synthetic food dyes, while their biodegradable ability was examined. Decrease of dyes was measured on HPLC with DAD detector. The sorption of fungi play an important role in this experiment, because fungi created mycelium and partially sorbed the dye. From this point of view, higher decolorization of dye in free enzymes in comparison with CLEA was observed. The best ability of decolorization was shown by a free enzyme from a Trametes gibossa, which after 14days of cultivation decolored more than 90 % dye. In total, significant decolorization (more than 80 % during 14 days) was achieved for azorubin. Degradation of dyes by CLEA was not so effective, which could be possibly caused by cultivation of enzymes without their substrate (veratrylalcohol). Cocultivation technique is very promising method how to increase LiP activity and concurrently create enzyme with improved properties.
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Studium produkce a imobilizace ligninolytických enzymů u dřevokazných hub
Vršanská, Martina
The doctoral thesis deals with the production and immobilization of ligninolytic enzymes produced by wood decay fungi. Part of the results was published in internationally reviewed journals with an impact factor and at conferences. The general point of view, this work has contributed to the development of knowledge in the area of immobilization, namely CLEA immobilization and the use of the immobilized enzyme to degrade organopollutans and toxic synthetic dyes commonly found as waste products of the textile industries. First part of this work examines the screening of suitable white rot fungal strains. In the study, 25 strains of white rot fungi were tested. Different copper concentrations were used as inducer of laccase activity and two different substrates (ABTS, syringaldazine). Trametes versicolor and Fomes fomentarius strains were chosen as the most promising strains for laccase production in liquid media and further testing demonstrated good degradation ability against synthetic dyes and contaminated wastewater. The second part is dedicated to the purification of enzymes (laccase) in two strains (Trametes versicolor, Fomes fomentarius). First, the laccase was precipitated with 75 wt% ammonium sulfate then the glutaraldehyde was used to form cross-linked CLEA enzyme aggregates. The third thematic area concerns the optimization of precipitation and preparation of CLEA immobilized laccase and application of free and immobilized CLEA laccase for the decolorization of synthetic dyes.
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The influence of alkali activator on immobilization of metals in alkali activated blast furnace slag
Bystrianska, Emília ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
In this work the influence of alkaline activator on immobilization of lead and copper in alkali-activated blast furnace slag was investigated. A total of five activators were used; sodium water glass, potassium water glass, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The leaching test according to ČSN EN 12457-4 was used to evaluate the level of immobilization of heavy metals, the leached solutions were analyzed by ICP-OES. For a better understanding of immobilization, the selected samples were characterized by analytical methods (FTIR, XRD, SEM, XPS). It was found that the degree of immobilization Pb2+ and Cu2+ in AAS was very high, regardless of the type of alkaline activator used.
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Immobilization of protein macromolecules onto polymer carriers: An overview
Badalcová, Helena ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Student: Helena Badalcová Title of Thesis: Immobilization of protein macromolecules onto polymer carriers: An overview Since the 70s, the immobilised enzymes have been getting the attention of not only scientific and laboratory workers, but also industrial companies. Enzymes are unique biocatalysts, which are distinguished by their specificity, environment-friendliness and the ability to react under mild conditions can be easily subject of denaturation or inhibition. With regard to the usually high cost of purchase, the use of these enzymes could often be disadvantageous. Immobilization techniques offer an efficient solution to this problem and greatly simplify the use of enzymes in industry and research. Compared to the free forms, immobilized enzymes show greater activity, stability and allow repeated use as well as easier separation from products. This thesis contains an overview of the basic methods of immobilization - physical absorption and covalent bonds to the carrier, entrapment, encapsulation and carrier- free techniques using cross-linking. Finally, we outline possible biomedical applications as well as the use of immobilised enzymes in biosensors.
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The influence of different anions on fixation of Cu in alkali-activated blast furnace slag
Böhm, Petr ; Kotrla, Jan (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The work deals with the fixation of copper in alkali activated blast furnace slag and with the influence of anionts (sulphate, nitrate, chloride and oxide) to its immobilization. This is tested according to leaching tests ČSN EN – 12457 4. The concentration of copper in leachates was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The aim of this work is to check the influence of addition (copper) to the resulting mechanical properties and also specify, how the heavy metal is bonded in the matrix. The structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
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The immobile ill person at home
LANGOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to find out the most frequent problems of the immobile patients and the people who care about them at home. This thesis is divided in two parts. The first part is theoretical and the second part empirical, which is based on the scientific reasearch itself. The theoretical part contains the definition and the contents of the expression immobility and the immobility syndrome. Then we follow with the most frequent demonstrations of the immobility syndrome. In the next topic there are needs of the immobile patients and the family that cares about them, then we mentioned the help for the members of the family and the home care agencies. The part that is very important is the area of the surroundings of the immobile patients that need more attention. In the last section we mention the allowances for disabled people and the areas where the patients can find help. The empirical part of this thesis was based on the quality approach and with the assistance of the semi-structural dialogue. The dialogues were carried out with the immobile patients at their homes and the people who take care of them as well. The information we got were afterwards analysed and put in the tables. The results of the research showed the most frequent problems of the patients and the people who take care of them at home and that is non-sufficient awareness of the care at home and the help of the home care agencies, social services and some other kinds aids. Concerning the patients it was mainly the problem of hygiene, food, emptying, building amendments at home. It is very important to mention that all the problems mentioned by both sides patients and their helpers wouldn´t appear if they were sufficiently informed before leaving hospital and going home.
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