|
|
Evaluation of humanitarian intervention in FRY in 1999
Duhan, Peter ; Anděl, Petr (advisor) ; Šindelář, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the humanitarian bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999. The aim is to evaluate the NATO operation called Allied Force. The evaluation will consist two parts. First, the operation will be subjected to analysis in terms of Responsibility to Protect communication, which seeks to define the circumstances under which it is possible to attack a sovereign state in the name of human rights. Then the different objectives of the operation, as defined by NATO will be examined. The aim will be to determine whether the intentions of NATO were met and if not, why. In order to evaluate the Allied Force operation, it is necessery to analyze what was happening in this region throughout the history before 1999. This work briefly describes the history of Kosovo, then examines in detail the period from 80 years of the 20th century to 1999. Part of the work also deals with the ethnic wars in Balkan in the early 90s and the consequences that they had for Kosovo. The important part is to analyze how NATO positions formed from spring 1998 until June 1999, when the operation was completed.
|
|
|
Just War Theory and Humanitarian Intervention: Case of Kosovo
Šolc, Martin ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to assess the NATO military intervention in Kosovo from the spring 1999 in terms of international law and - first of all - the western just war theory. The thesis first focuses on the genesis of just war theory in the political philosophy of european Antiquity, Middle Ages and early Modern Age, which provides better understanding of the meaning of certain conditions which are necessary to fulfill in order to use force legitimately. The thesis further comes to conclusion that humanitarian intervention forms a legitimate part of contemporary just war theory. The theoretical part of thesis ends with definition of necessary and auxiliary just war criteria applicable to humanitarian intervention; there is also described the regulation of the use of force in international law. The thesis then proceeds to proper case study. After the history of conflict is briefly addressed, international law norms and just war criteria are applied to the NATO military intervention. The thesis concludes that the intervention was illegal: the conditions set by the UN Charter were not met nor was there to be found any customary norm which would provide the action of Alliance with a legal basis. On the other hand, the intervention proved to be legitimate in terms of just war theory: all of...
|
|
|
Relation between the concept of humanitarian intervention and regime change: the case of Libya
Hanzal, Jaromír ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Diploma thesis Relation between the concepts of humanitarian intervention and regime change: the case of Libya is concerned with the study of military interventions after 1989 in the context of current theoretical discourse. It's main goal is assessing the 2011 NATO operation Unified Protector. The key question of thesis is, whether the intervention, due to the extensive reading of UNSC Resolution 1973, mandate still can be described in the terms of humanitarian intervention concept (in accordance with international law paradigm of R2P), or whether it rather had been a regime change. Based on primary data analysis, the paper shows that actors (most significantly the USA, France and Great Britain) contributing with a theoretically impartial military force, despite the immediate positive humanitarian outcome, helped significantly to overthrow the regime of Muammar Gaddafi. Due to the specifics of the operation, it can rather be described as a hidden regime change - a definition is also offered in the thesis. Based on the theoretical framework created by Michael Reisman, the author also assesses legitimacy of such deeds. The text is divided into three main chapters. Chapter one gives an account of broader context of just war theories, humanitarian intervention and regime change concepts. In the second...
|
|
|
Conflicts in Syria and Libya from the Perspective of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine
Filipková, Tereza ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to find out whether it was legitimate according to the concept of Responsibility to Protect that the international community intervened in the civil conflict in Libya but not in the civil conflict in Syria. First of all, the method of comparative case study, the theory of liberal internationalism and the doctrine of neoliberal interventionism is described. Consequently, the key features of the R2P concept are pointed out. In order to answer the research question I had to operationalize the criteria of legitimate armed intervention because the Report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, which is the basic document of R2P, uses vague terms. After I confronted both conflicts with the operacionalized criteria, I came to the conclusion that the intervention and the nonintervention are in these cases legitimate. Logically, the case of Libya fulfilled all the criteria. In the case of the Syrian civil war the criterion of reasonable prospects is not fulfilled. The different circumstances that led to the conflicts are the reason of this conclusion. Syrian society is in contrast to the Libyan one ethnically and religiously heterogenic. This is also strengthened by the fact that the country is ruled by authoritarian regime of the elite of the minority for decades.
|
|
|
The influence of human security in the process of legalisation and legitimisation of humanitarian intervention
Gřešák, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...
|
|
|
China and USA in UN peacekeeping operations in 1989-2010
Evanová, Jitka ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee) ; Fürst, Rudolf (referee)
China and USA in UN Peace Operations in 1989-2010 Mgr. Jitka Evanová Summary The thesis discusses the growing role of China and decreasing role of USA in UN peace operations since 1989 with the aim to find the reasons behind their behavior. First, two chosen theories of international relations - neorealism and its modified version and English school - are described, independent variables determined and consequent hypotheses formulated. Second, the increasing Chinese and decreasing American activities in UN peace operations is shown by describing their gradually changing behavior in three areas: voting in the Security Council, personnel contributions to peacekeeping operations and financial contributions to the UN peacekeeping budget. Third, the hypotheses are tested using the congruence method that examines the explanatory power of the theories. If a reality is consistent with the hypotheses' prediction, there is a possiblity of a causal relationship between independent variable and the dependent one. I conclude that modified neorealim has the highest explanatory power as its predictions are consistent with the outcome in both cases. English school can to a certain degree explain Chinese behavior but is weak in the American case. Neorealist predictions are weak in both cases. In the end, I suggest possible...
|
|
|
Participation of UN in humanitarian crisis caused by armed conflict, focused on humanitarian intervention
Vehovská, Lucie ; Nováček, Pavel (advisor) ; Mička, Pavel (referee)
This diploma work "Participation of UN in humanitarian crisis caused by armed conflict, focused on humanitarian intervention" devotes to problems with using humanitarian intervention as one of the most controversial measures, that were reaction to humanitarian crisis, caused by armed conflicts. It focuses on humanitarian intervention of first half of 90's, when this concept was stigmatised by unsuccessful solutions to armed conflicts in Rwanda and Somalia. It tries to reveal fouls, which UN committed in these conflicts and maps out the pretences at balancing with these fouls and taking instruction to the future. Furthermore it devotes to questions which using concept of humanitarian intervention stired up and new concept Responsiblity to protect is also gone with the same questions. This work maps out measures of UN, which are using in case of armed conflicts and shift of opinion from the term humanitarian intervention to concept Responsibility to protect, which implemention is stiring up lively discussion. Nevertheless this concept was unanimously voted by all member countries in Summit OSN 2005. Efforts of international security and peace with be ever actual issue a this issue should be at front of all people's interest.
|
|
|
Responsibility to Protect and Regime Change: Case of Libya
Koucká, Kateřina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between R2P and violent regime change. The work gives an overview of the establishment of R2P on the international scene, and then deals with its problem of selectivity in its application in practice. Despite the formal adoption of R2P in 2005 by all UN member states, R2P has been since then applied to similar cases of humanitarian crises in different ways. The problem of selectivity of R2P is fuelling the criticism of its legitimacy, because it is according to many a mean for achieving regime change. The most important reason for R2P's criticism is the connection between R2P and violent regime change, and that is the central theme of this work. Based on an analysis of the documents which form R2P, the work concludes that military intervention under R2P must not be deliberately used for regime change. However, there may be situations, when regime change is necessary for the protection of civilians; which means that regime change can be regarded as legitimate only if it is as an indirect result of the intervention. Therefore regime change is an integral part of R2P. The work aims to explore this ambivalent relationship and find out, where lies the boundary between legitimate overthrowing of a régime for the protection of civilians, and regime...
|
|
|
Humanitarian intervention in Kosovo in context of theory of just war
Košťáliková, Barbora ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
Intervention in Kosovo in 1999 that was led by NATO´s military forces had severe influence on the whole region. Both society and leading authorities were not united in the opinion on the execution of this operation. The goal of this thesis is to analyse the humanitarian intervention in Kosovo according to specific criteria of just war and evaluation of this intervention in the terms of just war. The theoretical part is based on theory of humanitarian intervention and a theory of just war, which is afterwards applied in the next chapter.
|
|
|
Hodnocení ekonomického vývoje států severní Afriky se zaměřením na Libyi
Neveselý, Jakub
Nevesely, J. Economic development of states in North Africa with focus on Libya. Bachelor thesis, Brno 2014. Task is to describe economic development regarding political and social development sicne independence in 1951. Main goals of thesis are desription of structue of economics and economic development of exporting oil state. Also describing foreign activities in Libya of main foreign subjects. Second part is focusing on problematics of humanitarian intervention and comparison of cases Libya and Syria from different points of view.
|
guest ::
