|
|
Brain connectivity estimation
Sladký, Vladimír ; Jurčo, Juraj (referee) ; Cimbálník, Jan (advisor)
Epileptic disease is connected with change in activity of neuronal clusters. Brain connectivity analysis deals with statistic interdependencies between different neuronal centres. Earlier studies show that changes in connectivity can be seen near primary epileptic site. What is changing connectivity and its characteristic in interictal recordings are yet to be fully known. In this thesis are analyzed data from intracranial EEG electrodes, positioned in and neighboring areas of epileptic site. Changes in connectivity of epileptic site and its surroundings are observed by nonlinear correlation method. Decrease in connectivity of epileptic site during slow wave sleep was detected on frequencies above 80 Hz. Reduced connectivity was measured on the border of epileptic zone and normal tissue. Observed features are accentuated during sleep. It was also found out that connectivity at the border of epileptic zone apears to have nonlinear property. The results show that physiological processes during sleep are influencing connectivity near epileptic site and decrease in connectivity may be related to nonlinear dependence of neuronal activity at the border of epileptic zone. This study confirms hypothesis of the earlier studies and reveals new facts about connectivity of epileptic site from the perspective of nonlinear processes. Consequent study based on this findings might lead to more precise delineation of epileptic site and to better understanding of processes, which are causing epileptic fits.
|
|
|
Societal and governmental perspective of patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Krejčová, Martina ; Klimeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Grega, Dominik (referee)
Societal and governmental perspective of patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Author: Martina Krejčová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jiří Klimeš, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. David Suchánek Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are rare diseases. The orphan drug Epidyolex is indicated to reduce the frequency of seizures in these diseases. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of orphan drug legislation and the potential of its reimbursement from health insurance and determine the costs of DS and LGS from a societal and governmental perspective. Methods: The data for the analysis is obtained from the questionnaire focused on the social benefit drawdown, increase in household costs, and loss of productivity of patients and their caregivers. Respondents are recruited in a cooperation with patient organisations and specialised centres. The costs from both perspectives are determined by adding the expenses of the health insurance company and the costs of lost productivity (societal perspective), or the costs to the social security system (governmental perspective). The human capital approach method (HCA) is used for the societal...
|
|
|
The influence of Mozart's effect on basketball shooting accuracy in professional basketball players.
Kranjčevič, Stefan ; Pánek, David (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: Mozart effect on shooting accuracy of professional basketball players Aims: The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate whether the Mozart effect impacts the success rate of free throws in young premier league basketball players compared to shooting without music. Methods: As this is a pilot study, the data acquisition on this topic first started by examining the previously written text on the Mozart. The project is an experimental pilot study involving 21 probands who were randomized into three groups. The experiment is divided into 2 parts. In the first part participants are asked to shoot one hundred free throws in five blocks of twenty. In the second part, the participants are exposed to different types of acoustic stimulus during which they throw another hundred free throws. All measurements were taken after conditioning or shooting practice for the most authentic replication of the game situation. The process of the practical part was carried out in accordance with the CRISP-DM methodology, which is one of the most widely used methodologies for knowledge capture from databases (KCD). Results: The results show a borderline low correlation between shooting with and without music, according to Pearson's correlation coefficient, with a value of 0.33. The aim of using this statistical function...
|
|
|
Societal and governmental perspective of patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Krejčová, Martina ; Klimeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Grega, Dominik (referee)
Societal and governmental perspective of patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Author: Martina Krejčová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jiří Klimeš, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. David Suchánek Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are rare diseases. The orphan drug Epidyolex is indicated to reduce the frequency of seizures in these diseases. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of orphan drug legislation and the potential of its reimbursement from health insurance and determine the costs of DS and LGS from a societal and governmental perspective. Methods: The data for the analysis is obtained from the questionnaire focused on the social benefit drawdown, increase in household costs, and loss of productivity of patients and their caregivers. Respondents are recruited in a cooperation with patient organisations and specialised centres. The costs from both perspectives are determined by adding the expenses of the health insurance company and the costs of lost productivity (societal perspective), or the costs to the social security system (governmental perspective). The human capital approach method (HCA) is used for the societal...
|
|
|
Translation potential of current preclinical techniques for gene therapy of neurological diseases in clinic. A critical review.
Žideková, Paulína ; Novák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee)
Research in the field of gene therapy has potential to become a revolutionary way to the existing treatment for a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. To treat these disorders causally, by specific substituting, deleting, silencing or editing faulty genes could be a privilege of gene therapy. The concept of translational medicine is to facilitate the transfer of working principles in preclinical research into treatment in humans. Its key issue is to overcome limitations associated with the gap between the tremendous variety molecular biology tools of preclinical research and the lack of simple corresponding options in humans. Clinical implementation of most of the preclinical approaches is still considered to be limited. The main focus of this thesis is to summarize latest advancements of molecular and genetic engineering tools that themselves or in combination have the potential to promote most preclinical gene therapy of neurological diseases to clinical use. Based on that, this study aims to suggest perspective methods of treatment for selected neurological diseases.
|
|
|
The role of parvalbumin interneurons in seizure initiation, propagation and termination in a mouse model of focal cortical dysplasia of type II
Populová, Jana ; Řehořová, Monika (advisor) ; Kirdajová, Denisa (referee)
Focal cortical dysplasia is a structural and functional malformation of cortical development caused by mutations in mTOR signalling cascade that can result in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Parvalbumin interneurons are probably the most important inhibition force in the brain that can help to stop epileptic seizures and it is possible that there are changes in function of these interneurons that are dependent on focal cortical dysplasia. This thesis had the aim to create a murine model of focal cortical dysplasia type II with labeled parvalbumin interneurons. This model was created by injecting plasmid with mutated mTOR gene during in utero electroporation. Cranial window implantation was then performed over created lesion together with calcium indicator injection for measuring neuronal activity under two-photon microscope. Our results confirm the same morphological characteristics as other studies has shown and also occurence of spontaneous seizures. We have shown statistically significant differences in size of pyramidal neurons depending on lesional or non-lesional position. For parvalbumin interneurons there was no such difference. Counting these two types of neurons in lesion and outside of lesion shown a trend towards reduced numbers in lesion, however it was not significant. Data from...
|
|
|
The classification of epileptogenic tissue after electrical stimulation using machine learning
Formánková, Zuzana ; Mívalt, Filip (referee) ; Cimbálník, Jan (advisor)
This thesis addresses electrophysiological biomarkers of epileptic activity after direct electrical stimulation in the classification of epileptogenic tissue. Suitable biomarkers included high-frequency oscillations, interictal spikes, changes in connectivity and signal power across frequency bands. Biomarkers were detected in iEEG recordings and their response to direct electrical stimulation was analyzed by statistical tests. Biomarker analysis demonstrated the effect of direct electrical stimulation on electrophysiological biomarkers of epileptic activity. Relevant biomarkers were selected by selection methods as signal power in the frequency band 80-250 Hz, relative entropy in the frequency band 250-600 Hz and linear correlation. Machine learning models, namely logistic regression, support vector machines and decision forest, were implemented for epileptogenic tissue classification. The support vector machines method showed the highest sensitivity (70,5 %) among the models, but the overall results were insufficient (PPV 38,5 %, F1 score 42,9 %). Despite the limitations in the performance of the classification models, this work highlights the potential of electrophysiological biomarkers in identifying epileptogenic foci and establishes a foundation for further research in the field.
|
|
|
Optimizing neural network architecture for EEG processing using evolutionary algorithms
Pijáčková, Kristýna ; Maršálek, Roman (referee) ; Götthans, Tomáš (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá optimalizací hyperparametrů neuronových sítí pro zpracování EEG signálu pomocí evolučních algoritmů. Využití evolučních optimalizace může snížit závislost na lidské intuici a empirických znalostech při návrhu neuronové sítě a může tak zefektivnit návrh neuronové sítě. V této práci byl navržen genetický algoritmus, který je vhodný pro optimalizaci hyperparametrů i pro hledání neuronové architektury. Tyto metody byly porovnány s referenčním modelem navrženým inženýrem s expertýzou v této oblasti. Data použitá v této práci jsou rozdělena do čtyř kategorií a pocházejí z Fakultní nemocnice svaté Anny v Brně (SAUH) a Mayo kliniky (MAYO) a obsahují iEEG záznamy u pacienta s epilepsií rezistentní na léky, který podstupuje předoperační vyšetření. Metoda hledání neuronové architektury dosáhla výsledků srovnatelných s referenčním modelem. Optimalizovaný model zlepšil F1 skóre oproti originálnímu, empiricky navrženému modelu z 0.9076 na 0.9673 pro data z SAUH a 0.9222 na 0.9400 pro data z Mayo kliniky. Ke zvýšenému skóre přispěla hlavně zvýšená přesnost klasifikace patologických událostí a šumu, která může mít dále pozitivní vliv v aplikacích tohoto modelu v detektoru záchvatů a šumu.
|
|
|
The effect of selected cannabinoids on quantitative EEG, behaviour, and their therapeutic potential
Uttl, Libor
Cannabinoids and especially CBD are these days a highly discussed topic with a huge overlap in the media space. Their ability to interact not only with cannabinoid receptors, but also with other pathways, in combination with a huge "hype", leads, despite the not very strong evidence of their effects in clinical practice, to the testing of cannabinoids in a broad spectrum of indications. Nowadays, we have more than 150 isolated cannabinoids, but the research is focused only on the main cannabinoids like for example THC, CBD, cannabigerol, cannabichromen or hexahydrocannabinol. For our research, we have chosen the two most well- known cannabinoids THC and CBD, and our key question was not only what is the role of these cannabinoids individually, but, also, how do they interact when administered together, how do they influence behaviour and how do they interact in dependence on the method of administration. All these questions were addressed within our rat experiments. Somewhat surprisingly, we did not observe the typical cannabinoid tetrad (decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli, hypothermia, catalepsy, and overall decrease in motor activity) after the THC administration, so we wondered what would happen if we used more potent and selective synthetic cannabinoids JWH- 073, JWH-210, instead of THC....
|
|
|
The effect of selected cannabinoids on quantitative EEG, behaviour, and their therapeutic potential
Uttl, Libor ; Páleníček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlamberová, Romana (referee) ; Šustková, Magdaléna (referee)
Cannabinoids and especially CBD are these days a highly discussed topic with a huge overlap in the media space. Their ability to interact not only with cannabinoid receptors, but also with other pathways, in combination with a huge "hype", leads, despite the not very strong evidence of their effects in clinical practice, to the testing of cannabinoids in a broad spectrum of indications. Nowadays, we have more than 150 isolated cannabinoids, but the research is focused only on the main cannabinoids like for example THC, CBD, cannabigerol, cannabichromen or hexahydrocannabinol. For our research, we have chosen the two most well- known cannabinoids THC and CBD, and our key question was not only what is the role of these cannabinoids individually, but, also, how do they interact when administered together, how do they influence behaviour and how do they interact in dependence on the method of administration. All these questions were addressed within our rat experiments. Somewhat surprisingly, we did not observe the typical cannabinoid tetrad (decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli, hypothermia, catalepsy, and overall decrease in motor activity) after the THC administration, so we wondered what would happen if we used more potent and selective synthetic cannabinoids JWH- 073, JWH-210, instead of THC....
|
guest ::
