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Vliv ročního období a pořadí laktace na kvalitu mleziva holštýnských krav ve vybraném podniku
Slechanová, Marie
The topic of the bachelor's thesis was to monitor the influence of the season and the order of lactation on the quality of colostrum of Holstein cows. The bachelor thesis is divided into several parts. In the literary research, the work deals with the characteristics, meaning and composition of colostrum. The theoretical part describes the effects on the quality of colostrum or colostrum preservation. In the practical part is characterized, the company that provided the data and samples for this work. Colostrum from dairy cows in the 1st to 3rd and higher lactations during the seasons was evaluated. Density, the amount of lactose in colostrum, and the percentage of fat, protein, and lactose were measured from the evaluation indicators. The results show that the quality of colostrum increases with increasing lactation. Based on the obtained results, it is not proven that the influence of the season has a major influence on the quality of colostrum. The measured values of the indicators were higher or lower on the monitored farm in accordance with the professional literature.
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Vliv stájového mikroklimatu a intenzity osvětlení na mléčnou užitkovost a reprodukci holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Fábry, Ivan
This bachelor thesis focuses on stable microclimate and lighting intensity and their effect on milk yield and reproduction parameters of cattle. The literature review was focused on the parameters of the stable microclimate, milk yield and reproduction of cattle and the factors that influence them. In the practical part was evaluated the correlation between temperature, lighting intensity and parameters of milk yield (milk quantity and composition) and reproduction (length of service period, percentage of pregnancy). The data presented in the practical part of the bachelor thesis come from a specific farm in the Zlín region. Temperature and light intensity were measured by Minikin RTi/QTi sensor, which was placed in the selected stable. The data were continuously downloaded and analysed by mathematical and statistical methods to evaluate the correlation between the measured data and the parameters of milk yield and reproduction.
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Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti sušiny a organické hmoty směsných krmných dávek s rozdílným zastoupením krmných surovin
Ursová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis was evaluvation of the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter by in vitro method in total mixed ration (TMR) with different representation of components. The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants with all its physiological requirements is described in the literary review. Furthermore, attention was paid to factors affecting the digestibility of feed and subsequent methods for determination of digestibility. The literary review was also focused on the characteristics and structure of TMR. TMR analyzes were determined by chemical methods and subsequently statistically evaluated in Excel and Statistica. The analysis took into account the chemical analysis, nutritional value and concentration of macroelements and microelements. 8 TMRs with different proportions of components were selected for analyzes, of which 6 were assembled for the peak of lactation, one for early lactation and one for the end of lacta-tion. All TMRs are designed for dairy cows with production capacity of over 9,000 l of milk.
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Porovnání získaných informací o množství nadojeného mléka z kontroly užitkovosti a z dojírenských systémů
Žáková, Monika
The aim of this thesis was to compare milking data from farm productivity control and milking systems. Data collection using a PDA was used here as part of a performance check when milk from each dairy cow was recorded manually from a currently calibrated measuring system. The data from the milking system was downloaded from the Farmsoft program, which is used on farms to manage the herd. The comparison took place in 90 dairy cows when 3 lactations were evaluated from each. The difference between the data from the milking parlour system and the KU was confirmed on one of the three farms with more than a 5% probability. The average difference between milk yield was 4.2 kg and the maximum deviation reached 54.1 kg. Several possibilities have been identified as reasons for the difference. The first option is an inappropriate identification device in the form of responders on collars, when there is greater damage and the impossibility of loading dairy cows at the milking parlour. Subsequently, it is possible to point to the different techniques of the milking parlours, where the technology from the BouMatic farm appears to be less reliable. Another possible cause is a misconfiguration of the milking technology with the computer system. Further research into the possible causes of poor identification of dairy cows and the acquisition of innovative technologies for animal identification is recommended.
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Význam KU ve vztahu k produkčním a reprodukčním ukazatelům a zdraví dojného skotu v ČR
Brynda, Jiří
The bachelor's thesis deals with the description of the Utility Control of Holstein Cattle. The methodology of sample collection up to individual results is described in the thesis. Furthermore, the thesis demonstrates the statistical processing of data from Utility Control using commercial programs and the ČMSCH program. The main factors that the thesis follows in evaluating the Utility Control of cattle include production, reproduction, and cattle health. The Utility Control in dairy cattle monitors the performance of individual cows and the overall efficiency of breeding, with the aim of improving the health and performance of cows and increasing milk production. Various factors are monitored during the Utility Control, such as the amount and quality of milk produced, cow health, reproductive performance, and overall cow condition. Results are compared with expected outcomes and with results from other farms. The goal of Utility Control is to improve breeding efficiency and maximize profits from milk production. Utility Control also helps to identify potential health problems in cows and allows for timely intervention, which can reduce veterinary care costs and decrease the risk of cow mortality. The aim of the thesis was to present and clarify topics related to Utility Control, describe individual determining components, and describe processed results of the commercial programs of Milkprogres s.r.o and VVS Verměřovice s.r.o.
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Hodnocení kvality mleziva dojnic českého strakatého skotu v ekologickém a konvenčním chovu
Buďová, Tereza
The theoretical part aims to provide information about the mammary gland, colostrum, its composition and quality control, types of milk, milking technologies, parlours, and generally about the importance of cattle breading focusing on Czech spotted cattle breed. The main goal of the practical part was to evaluate and compare the quality of colostrum in eco-breeding and conventional breeding. A total of 266 dairy cows of the Czech spotted cattle were included in the evaluation. Dairy cows were divided into individual lactations in order to evaluate the quality of the colostrum in % Brix, the sex of the born calf and amount of milk in liters per first milking. The obtained results were processed and collected into charts. Our results show that the colostrum quality is better in the eco-breeding in Dalečín than in conventional breeding in Věstín. In Dalečín, 114 dairy cows were evaluated. They reached average Brix values of 20.97 % in the first lactation, 20.42 % in the second, 21 % in the third, 25.15 % in the fourth, 23 % in the fifth and 22.17 % Brix in the last lactation. In total, 57 heifers, 53 bulls and 9 stillborn calves were born there. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2 liters for the first, 4.1 liters for the second, 4 liters for the third, 4.1 liters for the fourth, 6.2 liters for the fifth and 4.9 liters for the mixed lactation. According to these values, we can state that in the eco-breeding in Dalečín the fourth lactation is the best since it reached 25.15 % Brix. In Věstín, 152 dairy cows were evaluated. In total, 79 heifers, 73 bulls and 8 stillborn calves were born. The average milk yield was 20.22 % for the first lactation, 19.95 % for the second, 21.17 % for the third, 20.63% for the fourth, 21.24 % for the fifth and 21.08 % Brix for the mixed lactation. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2.47 liters for the first, 4.58 liters for the second, 4.17 liters for the third, 6.6 liters for the fourth, 5.38 liters for the fifth and 5.42 for the mixed lactation. We can state the fifth lactation as the best since it reached 21.24 % Brix.
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Vliv různých zdrojů dusíkatých látek na užitkovost a metabolismus dojnic
Lužová, Veronika
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the level of nutrition of dairy cows in a selected agricultural enterprise with a subsequent experiment in the form of the change in the representation of soy, oilseed rape and sunflower in the protein concentrate, which is the part of the ration of dairy cows. The experiment took place in Bohuňovice s.r.o. in 2022, where the feed ration was adjusted to four months in the form of a change in the composition of the protein concentrate (before the change the representation of 60 % soybean and 30,8 % oilseed rape extracted meal and after the change 45,8 % oilseed rape, 30 % soya and 15 % sunflower extracted meal). The experiment was focused on dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion, where milk yield and selected milk components were evaluated every month. Afterwads the effect of changing the feed ration on the productivity of dairy cows and selected milk components was evaluated. Afterwards the economic indicators of the adjusted feed ration were evaluated. During the experiment it was found, that the feed ration corresponded to the nutrient needs of dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion but showed a lack of nitrogenous substances and energy in the summer months. The average daily milk yield decreased slightly inconclusively at the end of the experiment, but the adjusted feed ration had no demonstrable effect on the productivity of dairy cows. Afterwards it was found that the adjusted feed ration has a statistically demonstrable effect on increasing the content of fat, protein, urea and free fatty acids in the milk. The results showed that modified ration had an optimal amount of energy and nitrogen substances and after increasing the proportion of oilseed rape and reducing the proportion of soya and including sunflower extracted meal, the ration had a more balanced content of nitrogen substances, evaluated according to the concentration of urea in the milk and there was an increase in the main of milk components (protein, fat).
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti dojnic českého strakatého skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Čurda, Jaroslav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the analysis of milk yield in dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle during one calendar year in selected breeding. For this purpose, 12 measurements were made in individual months, where the monitored parameters included day in milk (DIM), number of lactation (n), milk yield (kg milk) and milk components, namely fat (%) and protein (%). The results show that the effect of season had a significant effect on the amount of milk produced (kg) and the milk components (fat, protein). The highest daily milk yield was achieved by dairy cows in spring months and the lowest in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The highest fat and protein contents were achieved in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation order on milk yield was highly significant. The highest milk yields were achieved in the 3rd lactation. The highest fat, protein and lactose contents were achieved in the 1st lactation (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation stage on milk yield was statistically significant, with the highest milk yields being achieved in the first 100 days of lactation. The lowest was at 301 days or more. The content of milk components (fat, protein) was highest at 301 days and more (P < 0.01).
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Vztah negativní energetické bilance a poruch reprodukce u dojnic
Drlíčková, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis focuses on excessive negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy cows, resulting from high milk yield, and its effects on reproductive performance. The aim was to present the principles of dairy cow nutrition, the occurrence, consequences, and monitoring of NEB and to describe the interrelationships with metabolic and reproductive disorders. In the practical part, the analysis of the dairy cows (n = 177) of Holstein cattle was carried out from 1 January to 30 June 2022. The reproductive technician evaluated reproductive disorders based on the veterinary examination and sonographic examination with a linear rectal probe. Of all monitored dairy cows, retained placenta was detected in 10,73 %, uterine inflammation in 31,07 %, follicular cysts in 16,38 %, and luteal cysts in 5,65 %. The prevalence of NEB was determined using individual milk samples collected as part of performance monitoring. Samples taken on days 5 – 30 after calving and days 31 – 60 after calving were used for the analysis. A statistically significant (p < 0,05) positive correlation was found for the observed milk components (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fat/protein ratio), and a statistically significant (p < 0,01) higher concentration in the first sample after calving compared to the second sample. For selected components, threshold values indicating risk of excessive NEB and ketosis were determined: acetone concentration ≥ 0,12 mmol/l, beta-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 0,10 mmol/l, and fat/protein ratio ≥ 1,3. When evaluating the first samples after calving, the values were exceeded on average in 48,77 % of the dairy cows and 31,64 % of the dairy cows in the case of the second samples. The fat/protein ratio was used to evaluate the relationship between NEB and reproductive disorders. The threshold value (≥ 1,3) indicating the risk of NEB was exceeded in 90 dairy cows, which, compared to healthy individuals, showed a higher incidence of the retained placenta by 5,28 %, uterine inflammation by 6,85 % and follicular cysts by 5,10 %. The analysis results showed a higher incidence of ovarian cysts connected to higher productivity (p < 0,01). In first-lactation dairy cows there was statistically significantly (p < 0,01) more intense NEB than in second-lactation dairy cows and the highest incidence of uterine inflammation. The results of the work demonstrate the connection between high productivity, NEB and reproductive disorders.
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